Since the latter half of 1996, we have used vitamine K blocking at Changqiang (GV 1) for relieving the postoperative pain of anal fissure with satisfactory results. A report follows.……
OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effect of brachial plexus block with "One Injection Two Points" guided under ultrasound and the conventional method guiding by ultrasound. METHODS: 70 patients were randomi...OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effect of brachial plexus block with "One Injection Two Points" guided under ultrasound and the conventional method guiding by ultrasound. METHODS: 70 patients were randomized evenly into 2 groups, with 35 patients in each group, while the Experiment Group(Group B) received One Injection Two Points" method, the Control Group(Group A) received the conventional method.The nerve block every 5 s, the success rate of anesthesia, the dosage of local anesthetics, second remedial anesthesia, adverse reactions, etc.were recorded. RESULTS: Group B was superior to group A in the success rate of anesthesia; There were 6 patients in group A who required constant pump injection of Remifentanil to remedy, while no patients in Group B needed remedy treatment. There were no serious adverse reactions in both groups.CONCLUSIONS: The clinical effect of brachial plexus block with "One Injection Two Points" method guided under ultrasoundguiding by ultrasound was superior to that of the conventional method.展开更多
A block copolymer consisting of polyfluorene (PF) and polytriarylamine (PTAA) functionalized with green emitting phenoxazine moiety at the junction point of two blocks was designed and prepared for electroluminescent ...A block copolymer consisting of polyfluorene (PF) and polytriarylamine (PTAA) functionalized with green emitting phenoxazine moiety at the junction point of two blocks was designed and prepared for electroluminescent application. PF homopolymer was synthesized by Suzuki coupling polymerization, and was reacted with brominated phenoxazine. In the presence of the resulting PF functionalized with phenoxazine, C-N coupling polymerization of 4-(4’-bromophenyl)-4’’-butyldiphenylamine was carried out to afford a triblock copolymer, PTAA-phenoxazine-PF-phenoxazine-PTAA (PF-Ph-PTAA). Two types of random copolymers were also synthesized with fluorene and phenoxazine (PF2) by Suzuki coupling polymerization for comparison. All the polymers were soluble in common organic solvents and readily formed thin films by a solution processing. Prepared polymers exhibited similar UV absorption and PL emission in chloroform solutions. In a film state, the existence of phenoxazine unit drastically changed PL spectra. Although the content of phenoxazine unit in PF-Ph-PTAA was relatively high (13 mol%), it showed similar PL spectrum to that of PF2(phenoxazine content, 0.2 mol%) indicating that phenoxazine unit is isolated in single polymer chain nevertheless the high content. EL device based on PF-Ph-PTAA showed green-emission, suggesting that emission sites predominantly located in the vicinity of phenoxazine moiety because of its shallow HOMO level.展开更多
Theory has it that increasing the step length improves the accuracy of a method. In order to affirm this we increased the step length of the concept in [1] by one to get k = 5. The technique of collocation and interpo...Theory has it that increasing the step length improves the accuracy of a method. In order to affirm this we increased the step length of the concept in [1] by one to get k = 5. The technique of collocation and interpolation of the power series approximate solution at some selected grid points is considered so as to generate continuous linear multistep methods with constant step sizes. Two, three and four interpolation points are considered to generate the continuous predictor-corrector methods which are implemented in block method respectively. The proposed methods when tested on some numerical examples performed more efficiently than those of [1]. Interestingly the concept of self starting [2] and that of constant order are reaffirmed in our new methods.展开更多
The closed-loop stability issue of finite-precision realizations was investigated for digital control-lers implemented in block-floating-point format. The controller coefficient perturbation was analyzed resultingfrom...The closed-loop stability issue of finite-precision realizations was investigated for digital control-lers implemented in block-floating-point format. The controller coefficient perturbation was analyzed resultingfrom using finite word length (FWL) block-floating-point representation scheme. A block-floating-point FWL closed-loop stability measure was derived which considers both the dynamic range and precision. To facilitate the design of optimal finite-precision controller realizations, a computationally tractable block-floating-point FWL closed-loop stability measure was then introduced and the method of computing the value of this measure for a given controller realization was developed. The optimal controller realization is defined as the solution that maximizes the corresponding measure, and a numerical optimization approach was adopted to solve the resulting optimal realization problem. A numerical example was used to illustrate the design procedure and to compare the optimal controller realization with the initial realization.展开更多
In this paper, we provide new preconditioner for saddle point linear systems with (1,1) blocks that have a high nullity. The preconditioner is block triangular diagonal with two variable relaxation paremeters and it i...In this paper, we provide new preconditioner for saddle point linear systems with (1,1) blocks that have a high nullity. The preconditioner is block triangular diagonal with two variable relaxation paremeters and it is extension of results in [1] and [2]. Theoretical analysis shows that all eigenvalues of preconditioned matrix is strongly clustered. Finally, numerical tests confirm our analysis.展开更多
This paper presents a class of r-point (r+1)st-order A-stable one-block methods with damping at the infinite point (DIAOB r,r+1 ). Under the conditions of the same order, A-stability, operation count (at each iterativ...This paper presents a class of r-point (r+1)st-order A-stable one-block methods with damping at the infinite point (DIAOB r,r+1 ). Under the conditions of the same order, A-stability, operation count (at each iterative step) and storage space are the same as the methods in , the methods in the paper improve the stability in a neighborhood at the infinite point. And, by using the OOPI method , it possesses much faster rate of convergence for solving systems of nonlinear equations produced by the DIAOB r,r+1 .展开更多
This paper focuses on the development of a hybrid method with block extension for direct solution of initial value problems (IVPs) of general third-order ordinary differential equations. Power series was used as the b...This paper focuses on the development of a hybrid method with block extension for direct solution of initial value problems (IVPs) of general third-order ordinary differential equations. Power series was used as the basis function for the solution of the IVP. An approximate solution from the basis function was interpolated at some selected off-grid points while the third derivative of the approximate solution was collocated at all grid and off-grid points to generate a system of linear equations for the determination of the unknown parameters. The derived method was tested for consistency, zero stability, convergence and absolute stability. The method was implemented with five test problems including the Genesio equation to confirm its accuracy and usability. The rate of convergence (ROC) reveals that the method is consistent with the theoretical order of the proposed method. Comparison of the results with some existing methods shows the superiority of the accuracy of the method.展开更多
文摘 Since the latter half of 1996, we have used vitamine K blocking at Changqiang (GV 1) for relieving the postoperative pain of anal fissure with satisfactory results. A report follows.……
文摘OBJECTIVE: To compare the clinical effect of brachial plexus block with "One Injection Two Points" guided under ultrasound and the conventional method guiding by ultrasound. METHODS: 70 patients were randomized evenly into 2 groups, with 35 patients in each group, while the Experiment Group(Group B) received One Injection Two Points" method, the Control Group(Group A) received the conventional method.The nerve block every 5 s, the success rate of anesthesia, the dosage of local anesthetics, second remedial anesthesia, adverse reactions, etc.were recorded. RESULTS: Group B was superior to group A in the success rate of anesthesia; There were 6 patients in group A who required constant pump injection of Remifentanil to remedy, while no patients in Group B needed remedy treatment. There were no serious adverse reactions in both groups.CONCLUSIONS: The clinical effect of brachial plexus block with "One Injection Two Points" method guided under ultrasoundguiding by ultrasound was superior to that of the conventional method.
文摘A block copolymer consisting of polyfluorene (PF) and polytriarylamine (PTAA) functionalized with green emitting phenoxazine moiety at the junction point of two blocks was designed and prepared for electroluminescent application. PF homopolymer was synthesized by Suzuki coupling polymerization, and was reacted with brominated phenoxazine. In the presence of the resulting PF functionalized with phenoxazine, C-N coupling polymerization of 4-(4’-bromophenyl)-4’’-butyldiphenylamine was carried out to afford a triblock copolymer, PTAA-phenoxazine-PF-phenoxazine-PTAA (PF-Ph-PTAA). Two types of random copolymers were also synthesized with fluorene and phenoxazine (PF2) by Suzuki coupling polymerization for comparison. All the polymers were soluble in common organic solvents and readily formed thin films by a solution processing. Prepared polymers exhibited similar UV absorption and PL emission in chloroform solutions. In a film state, the existence of phenoxazine unit drastically changed PL spectra. Although the content of phenoxazine unit in PF-Ph-PTAA was relatively high (13 mol%), it showed similar PL spectrum to that of PF2(phenoxazine content, 0.2 mol%) indicating that phenoxazine unit is isolated in single polymer chain nevertheless the high content. EL device based on PF-Ph-PTAA showed green-emission, suggesting that emission sites predominantly located in the vicinity of phenoxazine moiety because of its shallow HOMO level.
文摘Theory has it that increasing the step length improves the accuracy of a method. In order to affirm this we increased the step length of the concept in [1] by one to get k = 5. The technique of collocation and interpolation of the power series approximate solution at some selected grid points is considered so as to generate continuous linear multistep methods with constant step sizes. Two, three and four interpolation points are considered to generate the continuous predictor-corrector methods which are implemented in block method respectively. The proposed methods when tested on some numerical examples performed more efficiently than those of [1]. Interestingly the concept of self starting [2] and that of constant order are reaffirmed in our new methods.
文摘The closed-loop stability issue of finite-precision realizations was investigated for digital control-lers implemented in block-floating-point format. The controller coefficient perturbation was analyzed resultingfrom using finite word length (FWL) block-floating-point representation scheme. A block-floating-point FWL closed-loop stability measure was derived which considers both the dynamic range and precision. To facilitate the design of optimal finite-precision controller realizations, a computationally tractable block-floating-point FWL closed-loop stability measure was then introduced and the method of computing the value of this measure for a given controller realization was developed. The optimal controller realization is defined as the solution that maximizes the corresponding measure, and a numerical optimization approach was adopted to solve the resulting optimal realization problem. A numerical example was used to illustrate the design procedure and to compare the optimal controller realization with the initial realization.
文摘In this paper, we provide new preconditioner for saddle point linear systems with (1,1) blocks that have a high nullity. The preconditioner is block triangular diagonal with two variable relaxation paremeters and it is extension of results in [1] and [2]. Theoretical analysis shows that all eigenvalues of preconditioned matrix is strongly clustered. Finally, numerical tests confirm our analysis.
文摘This paper presents a class of r-point (r+1)st-order A-stable one-block methods with damping at the infinite point (DIAOB r,r+1 ). Under the conditions of the same order, A-stability, operation count (at each iterative step) and storage space are the same as the methods in , the methods in the paper improve the stability in a neighborhood at the infinite point. And, by using the OOPI method , it possesses much faster rate of convergence for solving systems of nonlinear equations produced by the DIAOB r,r+1 .
文摘This paper focuses on the development of a hybrid method with block extension for direct solution of initial value problems (IVPs) of general third-order ordinary differential equations. Power series was used as the basis function for the solution of the IVP. An approximate solution from the basis function was interpolated at some selected off-grid points while the third derivative of the approximate solution was collocated at all grid and off-grid points to generate a system of linear equations for the determination of the unknown parameters. The derived method was tested for consistency, zero stability, convergence and absolute stability. The method was implemented with five test problems including the Genesio equation to confirm its accuracy and usability. The rate of convergence (ROC) reveals that the method is consistent with the theoretical order of the proposed method. Comparison of the results with some existing methods shows the superiority of the accuracy of the method.
