BACKGROUND Addressing oculoplastic conditions in the preoperative period ensures both the safety and functional success of any ophthalmic procedure.Some oculoplastic conditions,like nasolacrimal duct obstruction,have ...BACKGROUND Addressing oculoplastic conditions in the preoperative period ensures both the safety and functional success of any ophthalmic procedure.Some oculoplastic conditions,like nasolacrimal duct obstruction,have been extensively studied,whereas others,like eyelid malposition and thyroid eye disease,have received minimal or no research.AIM To investigate the current practice patterns among ophthalmologists while treating concomitant oculoplastic conditions before any subspecialty ophthalmic intervention.METHODS A cross-sectional survey was disseminated among ophthalmologists all over India.The survey included questions related to pre-operative evaluation,anaesthetic and surgical techniques preferred,post-operative care,the use of adjunctive therapies,and patient follow-up patterns.RESULTS A total of 180 ophthalmologists responded to the survey.Most practitioners(89%)felt that the ROPLAS test was sufficient during pre-operative evaluation before any subspecialty surgery was advised.The most common surgical techniques employed were lacrimal drainage procedures(Dacryocystorhinostomy)(63.3%),eyelid malposition repair(36.9%),and ptosis repair(58.7%).Post-operatively,47.7%of respondents emphasized that at least a 4-week gap should be maintained after lacrimal drainage procedures and eyelid surgeries.Sixty-seven percent of ophthalmologists felt that topical anaesthetic procedures should be preferred while performing ocular surgeries in thyroid eye disease patients.CONCLUSION Approximately 50%of ophthalmologists handle prevalent oculoplastic issues themselves,seeking the expertise of an oculoplastic surgeon under particular conditions.Many ophthalmologists still favor using ROPLAS as a preliminary screening method before proceeding with cataract surgery.Eyelid conditions and thyroid eye disease are not as commonly addressed before subspecialty procedures compared to issues like nasolacrimal duct obstruction and periocular infections.展开更多
Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a growing health issue in Bangladesh, with significant complications affecting the quality of life (QoL). This study aims to assess long-term complications, treatment patterns, an...Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a growing health issue in Bangladesh, with significant complications affecting the quality of life (QoL). This study aims to assess long-term complications, treatment patterns, and QoL of diabetic patients during COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 diabetic patients (aged 18-80) from tertiary hospitals in Dhaka and Mymensingh between May and October 2022. Data were collected via a semi-structured questionnaire on sociodemographics, complications, treatment patterns, and QoL (SF-12 scale). Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and linear regression were used for inferential analysis. Results: The sample predominantly included middle-aged males (41 - 55 years) with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (34.5%), polyneuropathy (32.2%), and hypertension (52.3%) were the most common complications. Oral medications were used by 59.7% of patients, with 29.1% on insulin. Chi-square analysis showed a significant association between treatment adherence and complications (p β = 0.45, p Conclusion: Complications in diabetic patients significantly affect QoL in Bangladesh. Treatment adherence, especially with oral medications, positively impacts QoL. There is a need for improved access to diabetes care to manage complications and enhance the overall well-being of diabetic patients.展开更多
Design patterns offer reusable solutions for common software issues,enhancing quality.The advent of generative large language models(LLMs)marks progress in software development,but their efficacy in applying design pa...Design patterns offer reusable solutions for common software issues,enhancing quality.The advent of generative large language models(LLMs)marks progress in software development,but their efficacy in applying design patterns is not fully assessed.The recent introduction of generative large language models(LLMs)like ChatGPT and CoPilot has demonstrated significant promise in software development.They assist with a variety of tasks including code generation,modeling,bug fixing,and testing,leading to enhanced efficiency and productivity.Although initial uses of these LLMs have had a positive effect on software development,their potential influence on the application of design patterns remains unexplored.This study introduces a method to quantify LLMs’ability to implement design patterns,using Role-Based Metamodeling Language(RBML)for a rigorous specification of the pattern’s problem,solution,and transformation rules.The method evaluates the pattern applicability of a software application using the pattern’s problem specification.If deemed applicable,the application is input to the LLM for pattern application.The resulting application is assessed for conformance to the pattern’s solution specification and for completeness against the pattern’s transformation rules.Evaluating the method with ChatGPT 4 across three applications reveals ChatGPT’s high proficiency,achieving averages of 98%in conformance and 87%in completeness,thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of the method.Using RBML,this study confirms that LLMs,specifically ChatGPT 4,have great potential in effective and efficient application of design patterns with high conformance and completeness.This opens avenues for further integrating LLMs into complex software engineering processes.展开更多
The Scandinavian(SCA)pattern is an important climate signal in regulating the variability of summer extreme precipitation(SEP)over the eastern slopes of the Tibetan Plateau(ESTP).There is a strong negative correlation...The Scandinavian(SCA)pattern is an important climate signal in regulating the variability of summer extreme precipitation(SEP)over the eastern slopes of the Tibetan Plateau(ESTP).There is a strong negative correlation between the SCA pattern and SEP over the ESTP,with a correlation coefficient of-0.57.Moisture budget analysis showed that the dynamic component anomalies of both the zonal and vertical moisture advection induced by the SCA pattern play the dominant roles in extreme precipitation variability over the ESTP.These anomalies are solely linked to variations in zonal wind and vertical velocity.The anomalies of the SCA pattern propagate downstream through Rossby waves,leading to the formation of cyclonic circulations over northern East Asia and the Iranian Plateau.The westerlies on the southern side of these cyclonic circulations play a crucial role in influencing the development of significant anomalous westerlies over the ESTP.The anomalous westerlies bring climatologically moist air from the Tibetan Plateau(TP)to the ESTP,resulting in positive zonal moisture advection anomalies over the area.Furthermore,these anomalous westerlies transport climatologically warm air from the TP to the ESTP,leading to significant warm advection anomalies and vertical upward motion anomalies over the ESTP.The upward motion carries lower-tropospheric moisture upward,resulting in positive vertical moisture advection anomalies over the ESTP.The combination of these positive zonal and vertical moisture advection anomalies eventually leads to excessive SEP.展开更多
Ensuring a harmonious coexistence between man and nature is crucial for China’s economic and social development.However,with increasing industrialization and urbanization,there is a growing mismatch between China’s ...Ensuring a harmonious coexistence between man and nature is crucial for China’s economic and social development.However,with increasing industrialization and urbanization,there is a growing mismatch between China’s ecological resilience(ER)and economic level(EL)of development,which poses a notable social threat.Currently,the link between ER and EL in China remains unclear,especially in terms of spatial dislocation(SD),referring to the disconnect between the locations where environmental impacts occur and those where economic benefits or activities are concentrated.Therefore,this paper aims to provide theoretical support and an empirical basis for policy-based solutions to address this gap.Based on the SD theory,this study systematically discusses the temporal changes,spatial patterns,and SD characteristics of China’s ER and EL using spatial auto-correlation and barycentric analysis to analyze data from 30 provinces covering the period 2011-2021.The key results are as follows.China’s ER shows a general trend of growth;however,its distribution is uneven.The spatial pattern generally decreases from the southeastern coastal provinces to the northwest.Moreover,a gradually increasing positive correlation is observed between the ER and EL,but this correlation varies by region,with some showing regional linkages and others developing independently.Finally,the dislocation index of ER and EL presents divergent results based on region-the eastern and central regions primarily show a high level of dislocation,whereas the western and northeastern regions show a low level of dislocation.The results provide a comprehensive overview of the spatiotemporal patterns in the association between ER and EL in China.The results emphasize that to balance sustainable regional development and ecological governance,a region-specific approach must be employed,prioritizing innovation-driven strategies for high ER in more developed regions and market-oriented strategies in less developed regions.展开更多
Macrobenthic organisms are commonly employed as biomonitors for environmental risk assessment.In this study,we aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the macrobenthic community,which is influenced b...Macrobenthic organisms are commonly employed as biomonitors for environmental risk assessment.In this study,we aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the macrobenthic community,which is influenced by environmental factors of sediments and bottom water layer.We sampled a total of 12,11,10,and 11 stations in the Shengsi Archipelago during June 2010,August 2010,November 2020,and April 2021 respectively.A total of 124 species of macrobenthos were identified,with polychaetes being the dominant group.The abundance,biomass,and diversity indices exhibited no significant temporal differences.Similarly,biodiversity did not exhibit a clear spatial gradient,likely due to the small study area and the absence of significant differences in key factors such as depth.However,the stations with the lowest biodiversity values consistently appeared in the southwest region,possibly due to the impact of human activities.Significant differences in the macrobenthic community were observed between all months except between June and August,and mollusk Endopleura lubrica and polychaete Sigambra hanaokai were important contributors to these differences according to the results of the Similarity Percentages analysis.Suspended particulate matter(SPM)was identified as the primary driving factors of macrobenthic variability.In summary,the community structure underwent temporal changes influenced by complex current patterns,while biodiversity remained relatively stable.This study contributes to our understanding of the key environmental factors affecting macrobenthic communities and biodiversity.It also provides valuable data support for the long-term monitoring of macrobenthos and the environment in the Shengsi Archipelago.展开更多
In recent years,audio pattern recognition has emerged as a key area of research,driven by its applications in human-computer interaction,robotics,and healthcare.Traditional methods,which rely heavily on handcrafted fe...In recent years,audio pattern recognition has emerged as a key area of research,driven by its applications in human-computer interaction,robotics,and healthcare.Traditional methods,which rely heavily on handcrafted features such asMel filters,often suffer frominformation loss and limited feature representation capabilities.To address these limitations,this study proposes an innovative end-to-end audio pattern recognition framework that directly processes raw audio signals,preserving original information and extracting effective classification features.The proposed framework utilizes a dual-branch architecture:a global refinement module that retains channel and temporal details and a multi-scale embedding module that captures high-level semantic information.Additionally,a guided fusion module integrates complementary features from both branches,ensuring a comprehensive representation of audio data.Specifically,the multi-scale audio context embedding module is designed to effectively extract spatiotemporal dependencies,while the global refinement module aggregates multi-scale channel and temporal cues for enhanced modeling.The guided fusion module leverages these features to achieve efficient integration of complementary information,resulting in improved classification accuracy.Experimental results demonstrate the model’s superior performance on multiple datasets,including ESC-50,UrbanSound8K,RAVDESS,and CREMA-D,with classification accuracies of 93.25%,90.91%,92.36%,and 70.50%,respectively.These results highlight the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed framework,which significantly outperforms existing approaches.By addressing critical challenges such as information loss and limited feature representation,thiswork provides newinsights and methodologies for advancing audio classification and multimodal interaction systems.展开更多
Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(E.coli)is a threat to humans and animals that causes intestinal dis-orders.Antimicrobial resistance has urged alternatives,including Lactobacillus postbiotics,to mitigate th...Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(E.coli)is a threat to humans and animals that causes intestinal dis-orders.Antimicrobial resistance has urged alternatives,including Lactobacillus postbiotics,to mitigate the effects of enterotoxigenic E.coli.Methods Forty-eight newly weaned pigs were allotted to NC:no challenge/no supplement;PC:F18^(+)E.coli chal-lenge/no supplement;ATB:F18^(+)E.coli challenge/bacitracin;and LPB:F18^(+)E.coli challenge/postbiotics and fed diets for 28 d.On d 7,pigs were orally inoculated withF18^(+)E.coli.At d 28,the mucosa-associated microbiota,immune and oxidative stress status,intestinal morphology,the gene expression of pattern recognition receptors(PRR),and intestinal barrier function were measured.Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4.Results PC increased(P<0.05)Helicobacter mastomyrinus whereas reduced(P<0.05)Prevotella copri and P.ster-corea compared to NC.The LPB increased(P<0.05)P.stercorea and Dialister succinatiphilus compared with PC.The ATB increased(P<0.05)Propionibacterium acnes,Corynebacterium glutamicum,and Sphingomonas pseudosanguinis compared to PC.The PC tended to reduce(P=0.054)PGLYRP4 and increased(P<0.05)TLR4,CD14,MDA,and crypt cell proliferation compared with NC.The ATB reduced(P<0.05)NOD1 compared with PC.The LPB increased(P<0.05)PGLYRP4,and interferon-γand reduced(P<0.05)NOD1 compared with PC.The ATB and LPB reduced(P<0.05)TNF-αand MDA compared with PC.Conclusions TheF18^(+)E.coli challenge compromised intestinal health.Bacitracin increased beneficial bacteria show-ing a trend towards increasing the intestinal barrier function,possibly by reducing the expression of PRR genes.Lac-tobacillus postbiotics enhanced the immunocompetence of nursery pigs by increasing the expression of interferon-γand PGLYRP4,and by reducing TLR4,NOD1,and CD14.展开更多
This paper created an evaluation index system for agricultural green resilience,consisting of five dimensions:resistibility,recoverability,adaptability,innovatability,and reconstructability.We used the entropy method ...This paper created an evaluation index system for agricultural green resilience,consisting of five dimensions:resistibility,recoverability,adaptability,innovatability,and reconstructability.We used the entropy method to measure the agricultural green resilience levels of 30 provinces(municipalities/autonomous regions)in China from 2007 to 2021 and employed spatial Markov chains and geographic detectors to reveal the dynamics and evolution of the patterns and influencing factors of the agricultural green resilience.The study shows that the level of agricultural green resilience in China displayed a slight upward trend from 2007 to 2021,but the overall level remained low.Spatially,a distribution pattern of“eastern China>central China>northeastern China>western China”was observed.The transfer process for agricultural green resilience exhibited a“path dependence”characteristic that maintained its initial state,while it also showed a“trickle-down effect.”This means that the regions adjacent to provinces(municipalities/autonomous regions)with higher levels of agricultural green resilience tend to have an increased probability of an upward movement in their ranking.However,such movements are not leapfrogging and only occur at the adjacent levels.The spatial differentiations in the agricultural green resilience levels are primarily driven by the technological innovation capacity and market maturity,with interactions between these factors exhibiting both dual-factor enhancements and nonlinear enhancements.Accordingly,efforts should be made to strengthen support for the less-developed regions,increase research and development investment in the agricultural sector,and improve the market systems for agricultural products to enhance agricultural green resilience.展开更多
This study focuses on addressing ventilation and dust removal challenges during the construction of small-section tunnels using drilling and blasting techniques.Specifically,the research examines the shale gas gatheri...This study focuses on addressing ventilation and dust removal challenges during the construction of small-section tunnels using drilling and blasting techniques.Specifically,the research examines the shale gas gathering and transmission trunk line project in the Weiyuan and Luzhou blocks.To gain deeper insights into dust migration patterns,numerical simulations were conducted.The study further analyzed dust migration behavior in small-section tunnels and large steep-sloped shafts,taking into account various factors such as ventilation distance,tunnel slope,and section size.The results indicate that optimal ventilation occurs at distances of 15 and 13 m.Additionally,dust concentration was notably lower when the tunnel slope was 0°,suggesting that a flat slope is more advantageous for construction projects where the outlet wind speed remains constant.Moreover,as the tunnel’s cross-sectional size increases,dust concentration decreases significantly,further underscoring the benefits of larger tunnel sections in mitigating dust accumulation.展开更多
In the era of the digital economy,digital trade has demonstrated strong vitality,becoming a crucial driving force for the highquality development of national and regional economies.However,understanding the resilience...In the era of the digital economy,digital trade has demonstrated strong vitality,becoming a crucial driving force for the highquality development of national and regional economies.However,understanding the resilience of digital trade in the face of external crises is an important topic.Taking the backdrop of Sino-US trade friction,this paper constructs a resilience index system for digital trade.It utilizes entropy method,kernel density estimation,and ArcGIS mapping to calculate and visually analyze the resilience of China’s digital trade from 2017 to 2021.Additionally,a Tobit model is constructed to explore the main influencing factors of digital trade resilience patterns.The research findings indicate:1)temporally,during the period of Sino-US trade friction,China’s digital trade resilience shows an overall upward trend,but there are regional differences in resilience levels across the country,with a severe polarization phenomenon.2)Spatially,high resilience is observed in the eastern and central regions of China,while the western and northeastern regions exhibit low resilience.3)From a dimensional perspective,the resistance of digital trade resilience displays a spatial distribution of high values in the east and low values in the west.The recovery force is aggregated along coastal areas,and the renewal force tends to aggregate along the eastern coastline.4)Factors such as economic scale,industrial structure,urbanization rate,government fiscal expenditure,and technological talents significantly promote the enhancement of digital trade resilience.This study reveals the dynamic characteristics and influencing factors of digital trade resilience in responding to external shocks,providing theoretical basis and policy suggestions for enhancing digital trade resilience,and promoting high-quality economic development in China.展开更多
Chinese traditional decorative patterns are a unique humanistic art paradigm with oriental poetic charm that has emerged in the development process of Chinese decorative art.They express the aesthetic trends and aesth...Chinese traditional decorative patterns are a unique humanistic art paradigm with oriental poetic charm that has emerged in the development process of Chinese decorative art.They express the aesthetic trends and aesthetic practices of Chinese decorative art.Based on the understanding of the three characteristics of the poetic connotations of Chinese traditional decorative patterns,namely"poetic semantics","harmonious aesthetic feeling",and"inclusive nature",this paper attempts to present the root aesthetic logic in the tradition of decorative art from an oriental context.It also hopes to create an internal cultural identity with poetic connotations in modern design through this exploration.展开更多
Estimating fracture size is a fundamental aspect of rock engineering.However,determining the most probable diameter(MPD)from a fracture's surface trace remains challenging in the scientific community.The prevailin...Estimating fracture size is a fundamental aspect of rock engineering.However,determining the most probable diameter(MPD)from a fracture's surface trace remains challenging in the scientific community.The prevailing methodologies typically infer statistical distributions of fracture sizes rather than specific values.This research presents a novel approach to inferring the MPD and the true spatial distribution pattern of each fracture.The challenge lies in linking the inference process with the trace length of each fracture and the statistical characteristics of the entire outcrop.Additionally,it is necessary to address the non-unique inverse problem.The methodology comprises several key steps.Firstly,the issue of censoring bias is addressed by considering the lengths of the traces contained.Secondly,the orientation bias is corrected using the vector method,and the true mean trace length and standard deviation are estimated and derived.Thirdly,assuming a lognormal distribution for fracture sizes,the mean and standard deviation of diameters are derived through a high-order moment relationship between trace lengths and diameters,validated by Crofton's theorem.Finally,the MPDs of all trace samples are determined by relating MPDs to trace lengths and the standard deviation of diameters using stereology techniques.Furthermore,the true fracture spatial patterns are inverted based on spatial geometric relationships.The proposed methodology is validated through rigorous Monte Carlo simulation and applied in a practical engineering case study,demonstrating its potential for use in rock engineering applications.展开更多
Mountains are important reservoirs of biodiversity and endemism on a global scale, but little is known about the altitudinal configuration of this diversity and its driving factors in arid mountains. We explored varia...Mountains are important reservoirs of biodiversity and endemism on a global scale, but little is known about the altitudinal configuration of this diversity and its driving factors in arid mountains. We explored variations in composition, diversity, cover,and life forms of vascular plants along a complete altitudinal gradient(1300-4000 m a.s.l) in Sierra de Velasco, an arid mountain in northwestern Argentina.We evaluated the influence of environmental variables on plant diversity and cover. Field sampling was conducted in the northern sector of the Sa. de Velasco,on the western slope in eight 50 m wide altitudinal bands at 400 m elevation intervals. We used rectangular plots(20 × 4 m;n:10/altitudinal band) to register the vascular plants of all the growth forms, and linear transects(20 m long.;n:30/altitudinal band) to quantify the vegetation cover using the point intercept method. Diversity was calculated using hill numbers.Data analysis included non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS), indicator species analysis,generalized linear models(GLMs), and variance partitioning analysis. A total of 232 species from 51families and 158 genera were registered. Species composition showed greater similarity at intermediate elevations. Plant diversity and cover exhibited a unimodal distribution, peaking at intermediate elevations(2100-2500 m). In contrast, life forms' distribution showed divergent patterns. Therophytes and succulents predominated at low altitudes,phanerophytes and hemicryptophytes at medium altitudes, and chamaephytes and geophytes at high altitudes. The altitudinal patterns of plant diversity and cover were primarily driven by climatic factors.Conservation efforts in the Sierra de Velasco should focus on the middle and upper zones due to their high biodiversity and vulnerability to climate change.展开更多
Natural gas hydrate is a clean energy source with substantial resource potential.In contrast to conventional oil and gas,natural gas hydrate exists as a multi-phase system consisting of solids,liquids,and gases,which ...Natural gas hydrate is a clean energy source with substantial resource potential.In contrast to conventional oil and gas,natural gas hydrate exists as a multi-phase system consisting of solids,liquids,and gases,which presents unique challenges and complicates the mechanisms of seepage and exploitation.Both domestic and international natural gas hydrate production tests typically employ a single-well production model.Although this approach has seen some success,it continues to be hindered by low production rates and short production cycles.Therefore,there is an urgent need to explore a new well network to significantly increase the production of a single well.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in natural gas hydrate research,including both laboratory studies and field tests.It further examines the gas production processes and development outcomes for single wells,dual wells,multi-branch wells,and multi-well systems under conditions of depressurization,thermal injection,and CO_(2) replacement.On this basis,well types and well networks suitable for commercial exploitation of natural gas hydrate were explored,and the technical direction of natural gas hydrate development was proposed.The study shows that fully exploiting the flexibility of complex structural wells and designing a well network compatible with the reservoir is the key to improving production from a single well.Moreover,multi-well joint exploitation is identified as an effective strategy for achieving large-scale,efficient development of natural gas hydrate.展开更多
Ecological security provides the basis of maintaining both a sustainable regional ecosystem and economic development.However,few studies have focused on how the features such as topography and geomorphology,lithologic...Ecological security provides the basis of maintaining both a sustainable regional ecosystem and economic development.However,few studies have focused on how the features such as topography and geomorphology,lithologic stratigraphic assemblages,and geohazard distribution affect the construction of ecological security patterns and the layout of optimization measures.In order to comprehensively reveal the key areas and key objects of ecological restoration in karst basins,this study takes the Beipan River Basin(BRB)as an example,constructs an ecological security pattern(ESP)based on the methods of morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA),landscape connectivity analysis and circuit theory,and lays out the optimization measures in combination with the spatial distribution characteristics of topographic and geomorphological differences and lithological stratigraphic combinations.The results show that 151 ecological sources,343 ecological corridors,121 pinch points and 178 barriers constitute the ESP of the BRB.Lithology is closely related to the spatial distribution characteristics of ecological source sites.Level 1 and 2 ecological sources(The ecological sources were categorized into level 1,level 2,and level 3 source from high to low importance.)are concentrated in the Emeishan basalt region of the upstream and the clastic and impure carbonate rock region of the downstream part of the BRB;level 3ecological sources are concentrated in the carbonate rock region of the midstream.Taking into account the outstanding ecological problems in the basin,and based on the characteristics of lithology and geohazard distribution,we propose the optimization scheme of“three axes,three zones and multiple points”for the ESP and the layout of specific measures of the BRB.The results can provide scientific references for maintaining ecological security maintenance in karst ecologically fragile areas.展开更多
The Sichuan Basin(SCB),China has a high incidence of extremely persistent heavy rainfall(EPHR)events.The EPHR events from 2009 to 2019 in the SCB were mainly concentrated over the northern and northwestern windward sl...The Sichuan Basin(SCB),China has a high incidence of extremely persistent heavy rainfall(EPHR)events.The EPHR events from 2009 to 2019 in the SCB were mainly concentrated over the northern and northwestern windward slopes and the central basin.They occurred from June to September,but especially in July,and peaked at 0300 LST.ERA5 reanalysis data and objective classification were used to investigate the synoptic patterns and their effects.There were three synoptic patterns during EPHR events,all accompanied by a Southwest Vortex.The location and intensity of the Southwest Vortex,thermal forcing of the Tibetan Plateau(TP),and low-level winds can greatly affect the intensity and spatial distribution of EPHR.When the Southwest Vortex was located in the western SCB and there were southerly low-level jets(LLJs),convergence and upslope wind would lead to EPHR over the northwestern or northern windward slopes.If there was no LLJ and the whole SCB was under the center of the Southwest Vortex,nocturnal EPHR was controlled by the internal circulation of the Southwest Vortex and the updraft generated by the thermal forcing of the TP,and the rainfall was weaker.The southeastern entrance of the SCB was a key area where the low-level wind dominated the nocturnal peak of EPHR.The nocturnal strengthened southeasterly wind in the key area is attributable to inertial oscillation,and the topographic friction plays an essential role in transporting momentum and moisture into the basin by generating easterly and northeasterly ageostrophic winds.展开更多
This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of social media data using causal inference methods to explore the underlying mechanisms driving user behavior patterns.By leveraging large-scale social media datasets,t...This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of social media data using causal inference methods to explore the underlying mechanisms driving user behavior patterns.By leveraging large-scale social media datasets,this research develops a systematic analytical framework that integrates techniques such as propensity score matching,regression analysis,and regression discontinuity design to identify the causal effects of content characteristics,user attributes,and social network structures on user interactions,including clicks,shares,comments,and likes.The empirical findings indicate that factors such as sentiment,topical relevance,and network centrality have significant causal impacts on user behavior,with notable differences observed among various user groups.This study not only enriches the theoretical understanding of social media data analysis but also provides data-driven decision support and practical guidance for fields such as digital marketing,public opinion management,and digital governance.展开更多
BACKGROUND Upper respiratory tract infections(URTIs)are one of the most frequent causes of childhood school leave and morbidity.AIM To study the present trend of medications’prescribing pattern utilized in URTIs amon...BACKGROUND Upper respiratory tract infections(URTIs)are one of the most frequent causes of childhood school leave and morbidity.AIM To study the present trend of medications’prescribing pattern utilized in URTIs among the pediatric population attending outpatient clinics in pediatric hospitals.METHODS This analytical observational cross-sectional research was conducted in 200 children aged 1–10 years with URTIs attending the pediatric outpatient clinics in pediatric hospitals,one of which is an educational hospital,from July 2018 to August 2020.RESULTS Most of the prescriptions in our study included antibiotics(116/58%).The most commonly prescribed antibiotic family was ampicillin/sulbactam or amoxici-llin/clavulanic acid(53/26.5%),followed by first-generation cephalosporin(25/12.5%)and third-generation cephalosporin(20/10%).Macrolides and second-generation cephalosporins were prescribed less frequently,in 16(8%)and 2(1%)patients,respectively.Most of our study population(155/77.5%)was satisfied with their prescriptions,whereas the rest of the study population(45/22.5%)was unsatisfied.CONCLUSION Overprescription of antibiotics is a significant issue among clinicians in pediatric outpatient clinics.Stewardship of drugs,particularly antibiotics,is a must to prevent the development of drug resistance.Most cases of URTIs were treated in accordance with the existing national treatment guidelines.展开更多
Latitudinal patterns of treeβ-diversity reveal important insights into the biogeographical processes that influence forest ecosystems.Although previous studies have extensively documentedβ-diversity within relativel...Latitudinal patterns of treeβ-diversity reveal important insights into the biogeographical processes that influence forest ecosystems.Although previous studies have extensively documentedβ-diversity within relatively small spatial extents,the potential drivers ofβ-diversity along latitudinal gradients are still not well understood at larger spatial extents.In this study,we determined whether treeβ-diversity is correlated with latitude in forests of southeastern China,and if so,what ecological processes contribute to these patterns of treeβ-diversity.We specifically aimed to disentangle the relative contributions from interspecific aggregation and environmental filtering across various spatial extents.We delineated regional communities comprising multiple nearby national forest inventory(NFI)plots around random focal plots.The number of NFI plots in a regional community served as a surrogate for spatial extent.We also used a null model to simulate randomly assembled communities and quantify the deviation(β-deviation)between observed and expectedβ-diversity.We found thatβ-diversity decreased along a latitudinal gradient and that this pattern was clearer at larger spatial extents.In addition,latitudinal patterns ofβ-deviation were explained by the degree of species spatial aggregation.We also identified environmental factors that driveβ-deviation in these forests,including precipitation,seasonality,and temperature variation.At larger spatial extents,these environmental variables explained up to 84%of theβ-deviation.Our results reinforce that ecological processes are scale-dependent and collectively contribute to theβ-gradient in subtropical forests.We recommend that conservation efforts maintain diverse forests and heterogeneous environments at multiple spatial extents to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Addressing oculoplastic conditions in the preoperative period ensures both the safety and functional success of any ophthalmic procedure.Some oculoplastic conditions,like nasolacrimal duct obstruction,have been extensively studied,whereas others,like eyelid malposition and thyroid eye disease,have received minimal or no research.AIM To investigate the current practice patterns among ophthalmologists while treating concomitant oculoplastic conditions before any subspecialty ophthalmic intervention.METHODS A cross-sectional survey was disseminated among ophthalmologists all over India.The survey included questions related to pre-operative evaluation,anaesthetic and surgical techniques preferred,post-operative care,the use of adjunctive therapies,and patient follow-up patterns.RESULTS A total of 180 ophthalmologists responded to the survey.Most practitioners(89%)felt that the ROPLAS test was sufficient during pre-operative evaluation before any subspecialty surgery was advised.The most common surgical techniques employed were lacrimal drainage procedures(Dacryocystorhinostomy)(63.3%),eyelid malposition repair(36.9%),and ptosis repair(58.7%).Post-operatively,47.7%of respondents emphasized that at least a 4-week gap should be maintained after lacrimal drainage procedures and eyelid surgeries.Sixty-seven percent of ophthalmologists felt that topical anaesthetic procedures should be preferred while performing ocular surgeries in thyroid eye disease patients.CONCLUSION Approximately 50%of ophthalmologists handle prevalent oculoplastic issues themselves,seeking the expertise of an oculoplastic surgeon under particular conditions.Many ophthalmologists still favor using ROPLAS as a preliminary screening method before proceeding with cataract surgery.Eyelid conditions and thyroid eye disease are not as commonly addressed before subspecialty procedures compared to issues like nasolacrimal duct obstruction and periocular infections.
文摘Background: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a growing health issue in Bangladesh, with significant complications affecting the quality of life (QoL). This study aims to assess long-term complications, treatment patterns, and QoL of diabetic patients during COVID-19. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 385 diabetic patients (aged 18-80) from tertiary hospitals in Dhaka and Mymensingh between May and October 2022. Data were collected via a semi-structured questionnaire on sociodemographics, complications, treatment patterns, and QoL (SF-12 scale). Chi-square tests, ANOVA, and linear regression were used for inferential analysis. Results: The sample predominantly included middle-aged males (41 - 55 years) with type 2 diabetes. Diabetic retinopathy (34.5%), polyneuropathy (32.2%), and hypertension (52.3%) were the most common complications. Oral medications were used by 59.7% of patients, with 29.1% on insulin. Chi-square analysis showed a significant association between treatment adherence and complications (p β = 0.45, p Conclusion: Complications in diabetic patients significantly affect QoL in Bangladesh. Treatment adherence, especially with oral medications, positively impacts QoL. There is a need for improved access to diabetes care to manage complications and enhance the overall well-being of diabetic patients.
文摘Design patterns offer reusable solutions for common software issues,enhancing quality.The advent of generative large language models(LLMs)marks progress in software development,but their efficacy in applying design patterns is not fully assessed.The recent introduction of generative large language models(LLMs)like ChatGPT and CoPilot has demonstrated significant promise in software development.They assist with a variety of tasks including code generation,modeling,bug fixing,and testing,leading to enhanced efficiency and productivity.Although initial uses of these LLMs have had a positive effect on software development,their potential influence on the application of design patterns remains unexplored.This study introduces a method to quantify LLMs’ability to implement design patterns,using Role-Based Metamodeling Language(RBML)for a rigorous specification of the pattern’s problem,solution,and transformation rules.The method evaluates the pattern applicability of a software application using the pattern’s problem specification.If deemed applicable,the application is input to the LLM for pattern application.The resulting application is assessed for conformance to the pattern’s solution specification and for completeness against the pattern’s transformation rules.Evaluating the method with ChatGPT 4 across three applications reveals ChatGPT’s high proficiency,achieving averages of 98%in conformance and 87%in completeness,thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of the method.Using RBML,this study confirms that LLMs,specifically ChatGPT 4,have great potential in effective and efficient application of design patterns with high conformance and completeness.This opens avenues for further integrating LLMs into complex software engineering processes.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U20A2097,U2442210 and 42175042)Natural Science Foundation of Sichuan Province(Grant No.2024NSFTD0017)。
文摘The Scandinavian(SCA)pattern is an important climate signal in regulating the variability of summer extreme precipitation(SEP)over the eastern slopes of the Tibetan Plateau(ESTP).There is a strong negative correlation between the SCA pattern and SEP over the ESTP,with a correlation coefficient of-0.57.Moisture budget analysis showed that the dynamic component anomalies of both the zonal and vertical moisture advection induced by the SCA pattern play the dominant roles in extreme precipitation variability over the ESTP.These anomalies are solely linked to variations in zonal wind and vertical velocity.The anomalies of the SCA pattern propagate downstream through Rossby waves,leading to the formation of cyclonic circulations over northern East Asia and the Iranian Plateau.The westerlies on the southern side of these cyclonic circulations play a crucial role in influencing the development of significant anomalous westerlies over the ESTP.The anomalous westerlies bring climatologically moist air from the Tibetan Plateau(TP)to the ESTP,resulting in positive zonal moisture advection anomalies over the area.Furthermore,these anomalous westerlies transport climatologically warm air from the TP to the ESTP,leading to significant warm advection anomalies and vertical upward motion anomalies over the ESTP.The upward motion carries lower-tropospheric moisture upward,resulting in positive vertical moisture advection anomalies over the ESTP.The combination of these positive zonal and vertical moisture advection anomalies eventually leads to excessive SEP.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant No.71963030]a subproject of China’s third comprehensive scientific expedition to Xinjiang[Grant No.SQ2021xjkk01800]+1 种基金a major science and technology project in the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region[Grant No.2022A01003]a scientific research innovation project for excellent doctoral students of Xinjiang University[Grant No.XJU2022BS010].
文摘Ensuring a harmonious coexistence between man and nature is crucial for China’s economic and social development.However,with increasing industrialization and urbanization,there is a growing mismatch between China’s ecological resilience(ER)and economic level(EL)of development,which poses a notable social threat.Currently,the link between ER and EL in China remains unclear,especially in terms of spatial dislocation(SD),referring to the disconnect between the locations where environmental impacts occur and those where economic benefits or activities are concentrated.Therefore,this paper aims to provide theoretical support and an empirical basis for policy-based solutions to address this gap.Based on the SD theory,this study systematically discusses the temporal changes,spatial patterns,and SD characteristics of China’s ER and EL using spatial auto-correlation and barycentric analysis to analyze data from 30 provinces covering the period 2011-2021.The key results are as follows.China’s ER shows a general trend of growth;however,its distribution is uneven.The spatial pattern generally decreases from the southeastern coastal provinces to the northwest.Moreover,a gradually increasing positive correlation is observed between the ER and EL,but this correlation varies by region,with some showing regional linkages and others developing independently.Finally,the dislocation index of ER and EL presents divergent results based on region-the eastern and central regions primarily show a high level of dislocation,whereas the western and northeastern regions show a low level of dislocation.The results provide a comprehensive overview of the spatiotemporal patterns in the association between ER and EL in China.The results emphasize that to balance sustainable regional development and ecological governance,a region-specific approach must be employed,prioritizing innovation-driven strategies for high ER in more developed regions and market-oriented strategies in less developed regions.
基金The Scientific Research Fund of the Second Institute of Oceanography,Ministry of Natural Resources,China under contract Nos SZ2302 and JG2209.
文摘Macrobenthic organisms are commonly employed as biomonitors for environmental risk assessment.In this study,we aimed to investigate the spatial and temporal patterns of the macrobenthic community,which is influenced by environmental factors of sediments and bottom water layer.We sampled a total of 12,11,10,and 11 stations in the Shengsi Archipelago during June 2010,August 2010,November 2020,and April 2021 respectively.A total of 124 species of macrobenthos were identified,with polychaetes being the dominant group.The abundance,biomass,and diversity indices exhibited no significant temporal differences.Similarly,biodiversity did not exhibit a clear spatial gradient,likely due to the small study area and the absence of significant differences in key factors such as depth.However,the stations with the lowest biodiversity values consistently appeared in the southwest region,possibly due to the impact of human activities.Significant differences in the macrobenthic community were observed between all months except between June and August,and mollusk Endopleura lubrica and polychaete Sigambra hanaokai were important contributors to these differences according to the results of the Similarity Percentages analysis.Suspended particulate matter(SPM)was identified as the primary driving factors of macrobenthic variability.In summary,the community structure underwent temporal changes influenced by complex current patterns,while biodiversity remained relatively stable.This study contributes to our understanding of the key environmental factors affecting macrobenthic communities and biodiversity.It also provides valuable data support for the long-term monitoring of macrobenthos and the environment in the Shengsi Archipelago.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62106214)the Hebei Natural Science Foundation(D2024203008)the Provincial Key Laboratory Performance Subsidy Project(22567612H).
文摘In recent years,audio pattern recognition has emerged as a key area of research,driven by its applications in human-computer interaction,robotics,and healthcare.Traditional methods,which rely heavily on handcrafted features such asMel filters,often suffer frominformation loss and limited feature representation capabilities.To address these limitations,this study proposes an innovative end-to-end audio pattern recognition framework that directly processes raw audio signals,preserving original information and extracting effective classification features.The proposed framework utilizes a dual-branch architecture:a global refinement module that retains channel and temporal details and a multi-scale embedding module that captures high-level semantic information.Additionally,a guided fusion module integrates complementary features from both branches,ensuring a comprehensive representation of audio data.Specifically,the multi-scale audio context embedding module is designed to effectively extract spatiotemporal dependencies,while the global refinement module aggregates multi-scale channel and temporal cues for enhanced modeling.The guided fusion module leverages these features to achieve efficient integration of complementary information,resulting in improved classification accuracy.Experimental results demonstrate the model’s superior performance on multiple datasets,including ESC-50,UrbanSound8K,RAVDESS,and CREMA-D,with classification accuracies of 93.25%,90.91%,92.36%,and 70.50%,respectively.These results highlight the robustness and effectiveness of the proposed framework,which significantly outperforms existing approaches.By addressing critical challenges such as information loss and limited feature representation,thiswork provides newinsights and methodologies for advancing audio classification and multimodal interaction systems.
文摘Background Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(E.coli)is a threat to humans and animals that causes intestinal dis-orders.Antimicrobial resistance has urged alternatives,including Lactobacillus postbiotics,to mitigate the effects of enterotoxigenic E.coli.Methods Forty-eight newly weaned pigs were allotted to NC:no challenge/no supplement;PC:F18^(+)E.coli chal-lenge/no supplement;ATB:F18^(+)E.coli challenge/bacitracin;and LPB:F18^(+)E.coli challenge/postbiotics and fed diets for 28 d.On d 7,pigs were orally inoculated withF18^(+)E.coli.At d 28,the mucosa-associated microbiota,immune and oxidative stress status,intestinal morphology,the gene expression of pattern recognition receptors(PRR),and intestinal barrier function were measured.Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS 9.4.Results PC increased(P<0.05)Helicobacter mastomyrinus whereas reduced(P<0.05)Prevotella copri and P.ster-corea compared to NC.The LPB increased(P<0.05)P.stercorea and Dialister succinatiphilus compared with PC.The ATB increased(P<0.05)Propionibacterium acnes,Corynebacterium glutamicum,and Sphingomonas pseudosanguinis compared to PC.The PC tended to reduce(P=0.054)PGLYRP4 and increased(P<0.05)TLR4,CD14,MDA,and crypt cell proliferation compared with NC.The ATB reduced(P<0.05)NOD1 compared with PC.The LPB increased(P<0.05)PGLYRP4,and interferon-γand reduced(P<0.05)NOD1 compared with PC.The ATB and LPB reduced(P<0.05)TNF-αand MDA compared with PC.Conclusions TheF18^(+)E.coli challenge compromised intestinal health.Bacitracin increased beneficial bacteria show-ing a trend towards increasing the intestinal barrier function,possibly by reducing the expression of PRR genes.Lac-tobacillus postbiotics enhanced the immunocompetence of nursery pigs by increasing the expression of interferon-γand PGLYRP4,and by reducing TLR4,NOD1,and CD14.
基金supported by the Research on the Mechanisms and Policies for the Collaborative Promotion of High-Quality Development in the Private Enterprises of Fujian Province Through Digital Finance and Green Finance(FJ2024MGCA021)a key project of basic theory research in philosophy and social sciences guided by Marxism in universities in Fujian Province and Research on the Mechanism and Pathways for Empowering Green Innovation in Fujian Province Through the Deep Integration of Digital Economy and Real Economy(FJKX-2023XKB003)a Science and Technology Innovation Think Tank Research Project of Fujian Association for Science and Technology.
文摘This paper created an evaluation index system for agricultural green resilience,consisting of five dimensions:resistibility,recoverability,adaptability,innovatability,and reconstructability.We used the entropy method to measure the agricultural green resilience levels of 30 provinces(municipalities/autonomous regions)in China from 2007 to 2021 and employed spatial Markov chains and geographic detectors to reveal the dynamics and evolution of the patterns and influencing factors of the agricultural green resilience.The study shows that the level of agricultural green resilience in China displayed a slight upward trend from 2007 to 2021,but the overall level remained low.Spatially,a distribution pattern of“eastern China>central China>northeastern China>western China”was observed.The transfer process for agricultural green resilience exhibited a“path dependence”characteristic that maintained its initial state,while it also showed a“trickle-down effect.”This means that the regions adjacent to provinces(municipalities/autonomous regions)with higher levels of agricultural green resilience tend to have an increased probability of an upward movement in their ranking.However,such movements are not leapfrogging and only occur at the adjacent levels.The spatial differentiations in the agricultural green resilience levels are primarily driven by the technological innovation capacity and market maturity,with interactions between these factors exhibiting both dual-factor enhancements and nonlinear enhancements.Accordingly,efforts should be made to strengthen support for the less-developed regions,increase research and development investment in the agricultural sector,and improve the market systems for agricultural products to enhance agricultural green resilience.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under the Youth Project(Grant No.52204087)Additional support was provided by the Science and Technology Research Program of the Chongqing Municipal Education Commission(Grant No.KJQN202200746).
文摘This study focuses on addressing ventilation and dust removal challenges during the construction of small-section tunnels using drilling and blasting techniques.Specifically,the research examines the shale gas gathering and transmission trunk line project in the Weiyuan and Luzhou blocks.To gain deeper insights into dust migration patterns,numerical simulations were conducted.The study further analyzed dust migration behavior in small-section tunnels and large steep-sloped shafts,taking into account various factors such as ventilation distance,tunnel slope,and section size.The results indicate that optimal ventilation occurs at distances of 15 and 13 m.Additionally,dust concentration was notably lower when the tunnel slope was 0°,suggesting that a flat slope is more advantageous for construction projects where the outlet wind speed remains constant.Moreover,as the tunnel’s cross-sectional size increases,dust concentration decreases significantly,further underscoring the benefits of larger tunnel sections in mitigating dust accumulation.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.42471205)the General Scientific Research Project of Zhejiang Provincial Department of Education(No.2024JYTYB12)the Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project of Zhejiang Province(No.23NDJC109YB)。
文摘In the era of the digital economy,digital trade has demonstrated strong vitality,becoming a crucial driving force for the highquality development of national and regional economies.However,understanding the resilience of digital trade in the face of external crises is an important topic.Taking the backdrop of Sino-US trade friction,this paper constructs a resilience index system for digital trade.It utilizes entropy method,kernel density estimation,and ArcGIS mapping to calculate and visually analyze the resilience of China’s digital trade from 2017 to 2021.Additionally,a Tobit model is constructed to explore the main influencing factors of digital trade resilience patterns.The research findings indicate:1)temporally,during the period of Sino-US trade friction,China’s digital trade resilience shows an overall upward trend,but there are regional differences in resilience levels across the country,with a severe polarization phenomenon.2)Spatially,high resilience is observed in the eastern and central regions of China,while the western and northeastern regions exhibit low resilience.3)From a dimensional perspective,the resistance of digital trade resilience displays a spatial distribution of high values in the east and low values in the west.The recovery force is aggregated along coastal areas,and the renewal force tends to aggregate along the eastern coastline.4)Factors such as economic scale,industrial structure,urbanization rate,government fiscal expenditure,and technological talents significantly promote the enhancement of digital trade resilience.This study reveals the dynamic characteristics and influencing factors of digital trade resilience in responding to external shocks,providing theoretical basis and policy suggestions for enhancing digital trade resilience,and promoting high-quality economic development in China.
基金Research Project of the Korea Institute for Humanities and Social Sciences(No.2023KIHSSB009)。
文摘Chinese traditional decorative patterns are a unique humanistic art paradigm with oriental poetic charm that has emerged in the development process of Chinese decorative art.They express the aesthetic trends and aesthetic practices of Chinese decorative art.Based on the understanding of the three characteristics of the poetic connotations of Chinese traditional decorative patterns,namely"poetic semantics","harmonious aesthetic feeling",and"inclusive nature",this paper attempts to present the root aesthetic logic in the tradition of decorative art from an oriental context.It also hopes to create an internal cultural identity with poetic connotations in modern design through this exploration.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41941017 and U1702241).
文摘Estimating fracture size is a fundamental aspect of rock engineering.However,determining the most probable diameter(MPD)from a fracture's surface trace remains challenging in the scientific community.The prevailing methodologies typically infer statistical distributions of fracture sizes rather than specific values.This research presents a novel approach to inferring the MPD and the true spatial distribution pattern of each fracture.The challenge lies in linking the inference process with the trace length of each fracture and the statistical characteristics of the entire outcrop.Additionally,it is necessary to address the non-unique inverse problem.The methodology comprises several key steps.Firstly,the issue of censoring bias is addressed by considering the lengths of the traces contained.Secondly,the orientation bias is corrected using the vector method,and the true mean trace length and standard deviation are estimated and derived.Thirdly,assuming a lognormal distribution for fracture sizes,the mean and standard deviation of diameters are derived through a high-order moment relationship between trace lengths and diameters,validated by Crofton's theorem.Finally,the MPDs of all trace samples are determined by relating MPDs to trace lengths and the standard deviation of diameters using stereology techniques.Furthermore,the true fracture spatial patterns are inverted based on spatial geometric relationships.The proposed methodology is validated through rigorous Monte Carlo simulation and applied in a practical engineering case study,demonstrating its potential for use in rock engineering applications.
文摘Mountains are important reservoirs of biodiversity and endemism on a global scale, but little is known about the altitudinal configuration of this diversity and its driving factors in arid mountains. We explored variations in composition, diversity, cover,and life forms of vascular plants along a complete altitudinal gradient(1300-4000 m a.s.l) in Sierra de Velasco, an arid mountain in northwestern Argentina.We evaluated the influence of environmental variables on plant diversity and cover. Field sampling was conducted in the northern sector of the Sa. de Velasco,on the western slope in eight 50 m wide altitudinal bands at 400 m elevation intervals. We used rectangular plots(20 × 4 m;n:10/altitudinal band) to register the vascular plants of all the growth forms, and linear transects(20 m long.;n:30/altitudinal band) to quantify the vegetation cover using the point intercept method. Diversity was calculated using hill numbers.Data analysis included non-metric multidimensional scaling(NMDS), indicator species analysis,generalized linear models(GLMs), and variance partitioning analysis. A total of 232 species from 51families and 158 genera were registered. Species composition showed greater similarity at intermediate elevations. Plant diversity and cover exhibited a unimodal distribution, peaking at intermediate elevations(2100-2500 m). In contrast, life forms' distribution showed divergent patterns. Therophytes and succulents predominated at low altitudes,phanerophytes and hemicryptophytes at medium altitudes, and chamaephytes and geophytes at high altitudes. The altitudinal patterns of plant diversity and cover were primarily driven by climatic factors.Conservation efforts in the Sierra de Velasco should focus on the middle and upper zones due to their high biodiversity and vulnerability to climate change.
基金This work was supported by the projects of the China Geological Survey(DD 20221703).
文摘Natural gas hydrate is a clean energy source with substantial resource potential.In contrast to conventional oil and gas,natural gas hydrate exists as a multi-phase system consisting of solids,liquids,and gases,which presents unique challenges and complicates the mechanisms of seepage and exploitation.Both domestic and international natural gas hydrate production tests typically employ a single-well production model.Although this approach has seen some success,it continues to be hindered by low production rates and short production cycles.Therefore,there is an urgent need to explore a new well network to significantly increase the production of a single well.This paper provides a comprehensive review of the latest advancements in natural gas hydrate research,including both laboratory studies and field tests.It further examines the gas production processes and development outcomes for single wells,dual wells,multi-branch wells,and multi-well systems under conditions of depressurization,thermal injection,and CO_(2) replacement.On this basis,well types and well networks suitable for commercial exploitation of natural gas hydrate were explored,and the technical direction of natural gas hydrate development was proposed.The study shows that fully exploiting the flexibility of complex structural wells and designing a well network compatible with the reservoir is the key to improving production from a single well.Moreover,multi-well joint exploitation is identified as an effective strategy for achieving large-scale,efficient development of natural gas hydrate.
基金jointly supported by the Key Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province(No.Qiankehe Jichu-ZK[2023]Zhongdian027)the Project of the Science and Technology Innovation Base Construction of Guizhou Province(No.Qiankehe Zhongyindi[2023]005)Philosophy and Social Science Planning Subjects in Guizhou Province in 2022(No.22GZYB53)。
文摘Ecological security provides the basis of maintaining both a sustainable regional ecosystem and economic development.However,few studies have focused on how the features such as topography and geomorphology,lithologic stratigraphic assemblages,and geohazard distribution affect the construction of ecological security patterns and the layout of optimization measures.In order to comprehensively reveal the key areas and key objects of ecological restoration in karst basins,this study takes the Beipan River Basin(BRB)as an example,constructs an ecological security pattern(ESP)based on the methods of morphological spatial pattern analysis(MSPA),landscape connectivity analysis and circuit theory,and lays out the optimization measures in combination with the spatial distribution characteristics of topographic and geomorphological differences and lithological stratigraphic combinations.The results show that 151 ecological sources,343 ecological corridors,121 pinch points and 178 barriers constitute the ESP of the BRB.Lithology is closely related to the spatial distribution characteristics of ecological source sites.Level 1 and 2 ecological sources(The ecological sources were categorized into level 1,level 2,and level 3 source from high to low importance.)are concentrated in the Emeishan basalt region of the upstream and the clastic and impure carbonate rock region of the downstream part of the BRB;level 3ecological sources are concentrated in the carbonate rock region of the midstream.Taking into account the outstanding ecological problems in the basin,and based on the characteristics of lithology and geohazard distribution,we propose the optimization scheme of“three axes,three zones and multiple points”for the ESP and the layout of specific measures of the BRB.The results can provide scientific references for maintaining ecological security maintenance in karst ecologically fragile areas.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42330610 and 42075010)。
文摘The Sichuan Basin(SCB),China has a high incidence of extremely persistent heavy rainfall(EPHR)events.The EPHR events from 2009 to 2019 in the SCB were mainly concentrated over the northern and northwestern windward slopes and the central basin.They occurred from June to September,but especially in July,and peaked at 0300 LST.ERA5 reanalysis data and objective classification were used to investigate the synoptic patterns and their effects.There were three synoptic patterns during EPHR events,all accompanied by a Southwest Vortex.The location and intensity of the Southwest Vortex,thermal forcing of the Tibetan Plateau(TP),and low-level winds can greatly affect the intensity and spatial distribution of EPHR.When the Southwest Vortex was located in the western SCB and there were southerly low-level jets(LLJs),convergence and upslope wind would lead to EPHR over the northwestern or northern windward slopes.If there was no LLJ and the whole SCB was under the center of the Southwest Vortex,nocturnal EPHR was controlled by the internal circulation of the Southwest Vortex and the updraft generated by the thermal forcing of the TP,and the rainfall was weaker.The southeastern entrance of the SCB was a key area where the low-level wind dominated the nocturnal peak of EPHR.The nocturnal strengthened southeasterly wind in the key area is attributable to inertial oscillation,and the topographic friction plays an essential role in transporting momentum and moisture into the basin by generating easterly and northeasterly ageostrophic winds.
文摘This study aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of social media data using causal inference methods to explore the underlying mechanisms driving user behavior patterns.By leveraging large-scale social media datasets,this research develops a systematic analytical framework that integrates techniques such as propensity score matching,regression analysis,and regression discontinuity design to identify the causal effects of content characteristics,user attributes,and social network structures on user interactions,including clicks,shares,comments,and likes.The empirical findings indicate that factors such as sentiment,topical relevance,and network centrality have significant causal impacts on user behavior,with notable differences observed among various user groups.This study not only enriches the theoretical understanding of social media data analysis but also provides data-driven decision support and practical guidance for fields such as digital marketing,public opinion management,and digital governance.
文摘BACKGROUND Upper respiratory tract infections(URTIs)are one of the most frequent causes of childhood school leave and morbidity.AIM To study the present trend of medications’prescribing pattern utilized in URTIs among the pediatric population attending outpatient clinics in pediatric hospitals.METHODS This analytical observational cross-sectional research was conducted in 200 children aged 1–10 years with URTIs attending the pediatric outpatient clinics in pediatric hospitals,one of which is an educational hospital,from July 2018 to August 2020.RESULTS Most of the prescriptions in our study included antibiotics(116/58%).The most commonly prescribed antibiotic family was ampicillin/sulbactam or amoxici-llin/clavulanic acid(53/26.5%),followed by first-generation cephalosporin(25/12.5%)and third-generation cephalosporin(20/10%).Macrolides and second-generation cephalosporins were prescribed less frequently,in 16(8%)and 2(1%)patients,respectively.Most of our study population(155/77.5%)was satisfied with their prescriptions,whereas the rest of the study population(45/22.5%)was unsatisfied.CONCLUSION Overprescription of antibiotics is a significant issue among clinicians in pediatric outpatient clinics.Stewardship of drugs,particularly antibiotics,is a must to prevent the development of drug resistance.Most cases of URTIs were treated in accordance with the existing national treatment guidelines.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42271317)the Innovation Research Team Project of the Natural Science Foundation of Hainan Province(422CXTD515)。
文摘Latitudinal patterns of treeβ-diversity reveal important insights into the biogeographical processes that influence forest ecosystems.Although previous studies have extensively documentedβ-diversity within relatively small spatial extents,the potential drivers ofβ-diversity along latitudinal gradients are still not well understood at larger spatial extents.In this study,we determined whether treeβ-diversity is correlated with latitude in forests of southeastern China,and if so,what ecological processes contribute to these patterns of treeβ-diversity.We specifically aimed to disentangle the relative contributions from interspecific aggregation and environmental filtering across various spatial extents.We delineated regional communities comprising multiple nearby national forest inventory(NFI)plots around random focal plots.The number of NFI plots in a regional community served as a surrogate for spatial extent.We also used a null model to simulate randomly assembled communities and quantify the deviation(β-deviation)between observed and expectedβ-diversity.We found thatβ-diversity decreased along a latitudinal gradient and that this pattern was clearer at larger spatial extents.In addition,latitudinal patterns ofβ-deviation were explained by the degree of species spatial aggregation.We also identified environmental factors that driveβ-deviation in these forests,including precipitation,seasonality,and temperature variation.At larger spatial extents,these environmental variables explained up to 84%of theβ-deviation.Our results reinforce that ecological processes are scale-dependent and collectively contribute to theβ-gradient in subtropical forests.We recommend that conservation efforts maintain diverse forests and heterogeneous environments at multiple spatial extents to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change.
