Traditional data-driven fault diagnosis methods depend on expert experience to manually extract effective fault features of signals,which has certain limitations.Conversely,deep learning techniques have gained promine...Traditional data-driven fault diagnosis methods depend on expert experience to manually extract effective fault features of signals,which has certain limitations.Conversely,deep learning techniques have gained prominence as a central focus of research in the field of fault diagnosis by strong fault feature extraction ability and end-to-end fault diagnosis efficiency.Recently,utilizing the respective advantages of convolution neural network(CNN)and Transformer in local and global feature extraction,research on cooperating the two have demonstrated promise in the field of fault diagnosis.However,the cross-channel convolution mechanism in CNN and the self-attention calculations in Transformer contribute to excessive complexity in the cooperative model.This complexity results in high computational costs and limited industrial applicability.To tackle the above challenges,this paper proposes a lightweight CNN-Transformer named as SEFormer for rotating machinery fault diagnosis.First,a separable multiscale depthwise convolution block is designed to extract and integrate multiscale feature information from different channel dimensions of vibration signals.Then,an efficient self-attention block is developed to capture critical fine-grained features of the signal from a global perspective.Finally,experimental results on the planetary gearbox dataset and themotor roller bearing dataset prove that the proposed framework can balance the advantages of robustness,generalization and lightweight compared to recent state-of-the-art fault diagnosis models based on CNN and Transformer.This study presents a feasible strategy for developing a lightweight rotating machinery fault diagnosis framework aimed at economical deployment.展开更多
Solvent extraction,a separation and purification technology,is crucial in critical metal metallurgy.Organic solvents commonly used in solvent extraction exhibit disadvantages,such as high volatility,high toxicity,and ...Solvent extraction,a separation and purification technology,is crucial in critical metal metallurgy.Organic solvents commonly used in solvent extraction exhibit disadvantages,such as high volatility,high toxicity,and flammability,causing a spectrum of hazards to human health and environmental safety.Neoteric solvents have been recognized as potential alternatives to these harmful organic solvents.In the past two decades,several neoteric solvents have been proposed,including ionic liquids(ILs)and deep eutectic solvents(DESs).DESs have gradually become the focus of green solvents owing to several advantages,namely,low toxicity,degradability,and low cost.In this critical review,their classification,formation mechanisms,preparation methods,characterization technologies,and special physicochemical properties based on the most recent advancements in research have been systematically described.Subsequently,the major separation and purification applications of DESs in critical metal metallurgy were comprehensively summarized.Finally,future opportunities and challenges of DESs were explored in the current research area.In conclusion,this review provides valuable insights for improving our overall understanding of DESs,and it holds important potential for expanding separation and purification applications in critical metal metallurgy.展开更多
Mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)have demonstrated significant promise in energy-intensive gas separations by amalgamating the unique properties of fillers with the facile processability of polymers.However,achieving a sim...Mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)have demonstrated significant promise in energy-intensive gas separations by amalgamating the unique properties of fillers with the facile processability of polymers.However,achieving a simultaneous enhancement of permeability and selectivity remains a formidable challenge,due to the difficulty of achieving an optimal match between polymers and fillers.In this study,we incorporate a porous carbon-based zinc oxide composite(C@ZnO)into high-permeability polymers of intrinsic microporosity(PIMs)to fabricate MMMs.The dipole–dipole interaction between C@ZnO and PIMs ensures their exceptional compatibility,mitigating the formation of non-selective voids in the resulting MMMs.Concurrently,C@ZnO with abundant interconnected pores can provide additional low-resistance pathways for gas transport in MMMs.As a result,the CO_(2) permeability of the optimized C@ZnO/PIM-1 MMMs is elevated to 13,215 barrer,while the CO_(2)/N_(2) and CO_(2)/CH_(4) selectivity reached 21.5 and 14.4,respectively,substantially surpassing the 2008 Robeson upper bound.Additionally,molecular simulation results further corroborate that the augmented membrane gas selectivity is attributed to the superior CO_(2) affinity of C@ZnO.In summary,we believe that this work not only expands the application of MMMs for gas separation but also heralds a paradigm shift in the application of porous carbon materials.展开更多
All-safe liquid-state lithium-ion batteries(ASLS-LIBs) is of great interest as they can potentially combine the safety of all-solid-state batteries with the high performance and low manufacturing cost of traditional l...All-safe liquid-state lithium-ion batteries(ASLS-LIBs) is of great interest as they can potentially combine the safety of all-solid-state batteries with the high performance and low manufacturing cost of traditional liquid-state LIBs. However, the practical success of ASLS-LIBs is bottlenecked by the lack of advanced separator technology that can simultaneously realize high performances in puncturing-tolerability,fire-resistance, and importantly, wetting-capability with non-flammable liquid-electrolytes. Here, we propose a concept of inorganic in-situ separator(IISS) by hybrid-sol physical crosslinking directly onto the electrode surface to address the above challenges. Particularly, the hybrid-sol is designed with silica nanoparticles as the building block and poly(vinylidene difluoride) nanoparticles as the crosslinking agent. The critical factors for controlling the IISS microstructures and properties have been systematically investigated. The advantages of the IISS have been confirmed by its fast wetting with various fireresistant liquid-electrolytes, customizable thickness and porous structures, robust interface with planar or three-dimensional(3D)-structured electrodes, and importantly, unexpected self-adaptability against puncturing. Enabled by the above merits, a fire-resistant ASLS-LIB is successfully assembled and demonstrated with stable electrochemical performance. This sol-crosslinked IISS may open an avenue for the studies on the next-generation separator technology, cell assembling, solid electrolyte processing as well as non-flammable secondary batteries.展开更多
The crisis of excessive increase in CO_(2)emissions has quickly become a serious issue and requires low-cost and bio-compatible solutions.The employee of membrane technology for CO_(2)gas separation has garnered signi...The crisis of excessive increase in CO_(2)emissions has quickly become a serious issue and requires low-cost and bio-compatible solutions.The employee of membrane technology for CO_(2)gas separation has garnered significant interest among researchers.However,this method encounters challenges related to selectivity and permeability.Therefore,modifying and reinforcing the polymer membranes to improve gas separation performance seems essential.Among the various methods for polymer membrane modification,modification with magnesium-based fillers to prepare a mixed matrix membrane(MMM)is considered an efficient method.Owing to magnesium metal's low weight,low density,high strength,and good selectivity,magnesium-based materials(Mg-based materials)have more porosity,higher available surface area,more adsorption sites,lighter weight,and more gas absorption tendency than other fillers,which makes them an attractive choice for the preparation of gas separation MMMs.This research deals with the introduction of Mg-based materials,various methods of synthesis of Mg-based materials,different methods of introducing Mg-based materials into the membrane matrix,and their effect on the performance of MMMs in CO_(2)gas separation applications.Therefore,this review can provide researchers with light horizons in using the high potential of Mg-based materials as efficient fillers in MMMs to achieve excellent permeability and selectivity and generally improve their performance in CO_(2)gas separation applications.展开更多
n-octylphosphonic acid(OPA)was introduced as a novel collector for ilmenite flotation and its effectiveness was compared with the conventional chelating collector,benzohydroxamic acid(BHA).Micro-flotation tests demons...n-octylphosphonic acid(OPA)was introduced as a novel collector for ilmenite flotation and its effectiveness was compared with the conventional chelating collector,benzohydroxamic acid(BHA).Micro-flotation tests demonstrated that OPA was a highly effective and selective collector for separating ilmenite from titanaugite over acidic conditions(optimal pH around 3),which was also supported by adsorption amount measurements.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)tests indicated that the chemisorption of OPA onto ilmenite surface was much stronger than that of BHA.Solution chemistry diagram analyses indicated that OPA could dissociate well at pH 3.0 and mostly exist in anion form.DFT calculations further confirmed that OPA was much easier to adsorb onto ilmenite surface with shorter bond length and lower adsorption energy in comparison with BHA.Therefore,OPA maintained good collecting ability and selectivity for ilmenite flotation in the strongly acidic pulp,providing valuable insights into new collector design and development.展开更多
Mineral fulvic acid(MFA)was used as an eco-friendly pyrite depressant to recover chalcopyrite by flotation with the use of the butyl xanthate as a collector.Flotation experiments showed that MFA produced a stronger in...Mineral fulvic acid(MFA)was used as an eco-friendly pyrite depressant to recover chalcopyrite by flotation with the use of the butyl xanthate as a collector.Flotation experiments showed that MFA produced a stronger inhibition effect on pyrite than on chalcopyrite.The separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite was realized by introducing 150 mg/L MFA at a pulp pH of approximately 8.0.The copper grade,copper recovery,and separation efficiency were 28.03%,84.79%,and 71.66%,respectively.Surface adsorption tests,zeta potential determinations,and localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests showed that more MFA adsorbed on pyrite than on chalcopyrite,which weakened the subsequent interactions between pyrite and the collector.Atomic force microscope imaging further confirmed the adsorption of MFA on pyrite,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that hydrophilic Fe-based species on the pyrite surfaces increased after exposure of pyrite to MFA,thereby decreasing the floatability of pyrite.展开更多
The separation of lithium isotopes (^(6)Li and ^(7)Li) is of great importance for the nuclear industry.The lithium amalgam method is the only lithium isotopes separation process in industry,and the extensive use of me...The separation of lithium isotopes (^(6)Li and ^(7)Li) is of great importance for the nuclear industry.The lithium amalgam method is the only lithium isotopes separation process in industry,and the extensive use of mercury has raised concerns about its potential environmental hazards,which have prompted the search for more efficient and environmentally friendly alternatives.Crown ethers can bind lithium ions highly selectively and separate lithium isotopes effectively.A chemical exchange-based lithium isotopes separation method using crown ether decorated materials could be a viable and cost-effective alternative to the lithium amalgam method.In this review,we provide a systematic summary of the recent advances in lithium isotopes separation using crown ethers decorated materials.展开更多
The growing demands for energy storage systems,electric vehicles,and portable electronics have significantly pushed forward the need for safe and reliable lithium batteries.It is essential to design functional separat...The growing demands for energy storage systems,electric vehicles,and portable electronics have significantly pushed forward the need for safe and reliable lithium batteries.It is essential to design functional separators with improved mechanical and electrochemical characteristics.This review covers the improved mechanical and electrochemical performances as well as the advancements made in the design of separators utilizing a variety of techniques.In terms of electrolyte wettability and adhesion of the coating materials,we provide an overview of the current status of research on coated separators,in situ modified separators,and grafting modified separators,and elaborate additional performance parameters of interest.The characteristics of inorganics coated separators,organic framework coated separators and inorganic-organic coated separators from different fabrication methods are compared.Future directions regarding new modified materials,manufacturing process,quantitative analysis of adhesion and so on are proposed toward next-generation advanced lithium batteries.展开更多
Adsorptive separation holds important prospect for the challenging recovery of C_(2)H_(6) and C_(3)H_(8) from natural gas and the separation efficiency is primarily determined by a high-performance adsorbent.In this w...Adsorptive separation holds important prospect for the challenging recovery of C_(2)H_(6) and C_(3)H_(8) from natural gas and the separation efficiency is primarily determined by a high-performance adsorbent.In this work,we reported the synthesis of a novel porous organic polymer,FOSU-POP-1 for the separation of CH_(4)/C_(2)H_(6)/C_(3)H_(8).The FOSU-POP-1 was synthesized from tetrakis(4-azidophenyl)methane and 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene via click reaction with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)surface area of 1038 m^(2)·g^(-1).Exhibiting stronger affinity towards C_(3)H_(8) and C_(2)H_(6) than CH_(4),2.85 mmol·g^(-1) for C_(3)H_(8) and 2.14 mmol·g^(-1) for C_(2)H_(6) were achieved on the FOSU-POP-1 at 0.1 MPa,298 K,with an ideal adsorbed solution theory selectivity of 227 for C_(3)H_(8)/CH_(4).The breakthrough experiment confirmed the good dynamic separation performance and recyclability of FOSU-POP-1 for CH_(4)/C_(2)H_(6)/C_(3)H_(8) ternary mixture.The density functional theory calculation further revealed that the N atom in triazole ring interacted strongly with the C_(3)H_(8) and C_(2)H_(6).This work highlighted the promising capability of FOSU-POP-1 for efficiently separating CH_(4)/C_(2)H_(6)/C_(3)H_(8) mixture.展开更多
Separators in supercapacitors(SCs)frequently suffer from high resistance and the risk of short circuits due to inadequate electrolyte wettability,depressed mechanical properties,and insufficient thermal stability.Here...Separators in supercapacitors(SCs)frequently suffer from high resistance and the risk of short circuits due to inadequate electrolyte wettability,depressed mechanical properties,and insufficient thermal stability.Here,we develop a high-performance regenerated cellulose separator with nano-cracked structures for SCs via a binary solvent of superbase-derived ionic liquid and dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO).The unique nano-cracks with an average width of 7.45 nm arise from the acceleration of cellulose molecular reassembly by DMSO-regulated hydrogen bonding,which endows the separator with high porosity(70.2%)and excellent electrolyte retention(329%).The outstanding thermal stability(273℃)and mechanical strength(70 MPa)enable the separator to maintain its structural integrity under high temperatures and external forces.With these benefits,the SC utilizing the cellulose separator enables a high specific capacitance of 93.6 F g^(−1) at 1.0 A g^(−1) and a remarkable capacitance retention of 99.5%after 10,000 cycles compared with the commercial NKK-MPF30AC and NKK-TF4030.The robust and high-wettability cellulose separator holds promise as a superior alternative to commercial separators for advanced SCs with enhanced performance and improved safety.展开更多
Poor Li plating reversibility and high thermal runaway risks are key challenges for fast charging lithiumion batteries with graphite anodes.Herein,a dielectric and fire-resistant separator based on hybrid nanofibers o...Poor Li plating reversibility and high thermal runaway risks are key challenges for fast charging lithiumion batteries with graphite anodes.Herein,a dielectric and fire-resistant separator based on hybrid nanofibers of barium sulfate(BS)and bacterial cellulose(BC)is developed to synchronously enhance the battery's fast charging and thermal-safety performances.The regulation mechanism of the dielectric BS/BC separator in enhancing the Li^(+)ion transport and Li plating reversibility is revealed.(1)The Max-Wagner polarization electric field of the dielectric BS/BC separator can accelerate the desolvation of solvated Li^(+)ions,enhancing their transport kinetics.(2)Moreover,due to the charge balancing effect,the dielectric BS/BC separator homogenizes the electric field/Li^(+)ion flux at the graphite anode-separator interface,facilitating uniform Li plating and suppressing Li dendrite growth.Consequently,the fast-charge graphite anode with the BS/BC separator shows higher Coulombic efficiency(99.0%vs.96.9%)and longer cycling lifespan(100 cycles vs.59 cycles)than that with the polypropylene(PP)separator in the constantlithiation cycling test at 2 mA cm^(-2).The high-loading LiFePO4(15.5 mg cm^(-2))//graphite(7.5 mg cm^(-2))full cell with the BS/BC separator exhibits excellent fast charging performance,retaining 70%of its capacity after 500 cycles at a high rate of 2C,which is significantly better than that of the cell with the PP separator(retaining only 27%of its capacity after 500 cycles).More importantly,the thermally stable BS/BC separator effectively elevates the critical temperature and reduces the heat release rate during thermal runaway,thereby significantly enhancing the battery's safety.展开更多
Welding high-entropy alloy(HEA)to Mg alloy has gained increasing attention for multi-metal structure design,while intrinsic sluggish diffusion kinetics of HEA confines diffusion-controlled interfacial reactions and mak...Welding high-entropy alloy(HEA)to Mg alloy has gained increasing attention for multi-metal structure design,while intrinsic sluggish diffusion kinetics of HEA confines diffusion-controlled interfacial reactions and makes it challenging to establish robust metallurgical bonding.This study investigated welding of FeCoCrNiMn HEA to commercial AZ31 as a model combination to pioneer thisfield.Interfacial phase separation phenomenon was observed,with the diffusion accelerated by in-situ engineering a submicron-scale thick(∼400–500 nm)HEA nearby the interface into nanocrystalline-structure during friction stir welding.Abundant grain boundaries generated in this nanocrystalline-interlayer serve as diffusion short-circuits and energetically preferred nucleation-sites,which promoted Al in AZ31 to diffuse into HEA and triggered quick separation into body-centered cubic AlNi-type and tetragonal FeCr-type intermetallics.HEA and AZ31 were thus metallurgically bonded by these interfacial intermetallics.The joint shows exceptional strength in tensile lap-shear testing with fracture largely occurred within AZ31 rather than right along interface as commonly reported previously for dissimilar joints.展开更多
In the novel fully dry converter gas recovery process,a novel circumfluent cyclone separator with an evaporation heating surface can simultaneously realize the dust removal and sensible heat recovery of converter gas....In the novel fully dry converter gas recovery process,a novel circumfluent cyclone separator with an evaporation heating surface can simultaneously realize the dust removal and sensible heat recovery of converter gas.For this equipment,the distributions of internal flow and wall heat transfer affect the efficiency of dust removal and sensible heat recovery.In this study,based on on-site operation tests,the distributions of internal flow and wall heat transfer in the circumfluent cyclone separator are studied by numerical simulation.The results indicate that the flow rate proportions in different regions of the circumfluent cyclone separator remain constant during the steelmaking process,approximately 80.1%of the converter gas flows through the cone chamber,and 15.4%of the converter gas flows through the annular chamber.The heat transfer rate proportions on the walls of different regions of the circumfluent cyclone separator remain constant during the steelmaking process,and the heat transfer rate proportions on the walls of the cone chamber,straight shell,shell head and outlet pipe are 40.2%,27.0%,17.6%and 15.2%,respectively.展开更多
Owing to the worldwide trend towards carbon neutrality,the number of Dy-containing heat-resistant Nd magnets used for wind power generation and electric vehicles is expected to increase exponentially.However,rare eart...Owing to the worldwide trend towards carbon neutrality,the number of Dy-containing heat-resistant Nd magnets used for wind power generation and electric vehicles is expected to increase exponentially.However,rare earth(RE)elements(especially Dy)are unevenly distributed globally.Therefore,an environmental-friendly recycling method for RE elements with a highly precise separation of Dy and Nd from end-of-life magnets is required to realize a carbon-neutral society.As an alternative to traditional hydrometallurgical RE separation techniques with a high environmental load,we designed a novel,highly efficient,and precise process for the separation and recycling of RE elements from magnet scrap.As a result,over 90%of the RE elements were efficiently extracted from the magnets using MgCl_(2)and evaporation loss was selectively suppressed by adding CaF_(2).The extracted RE elements were electrolytically separated based on the formation potential differences of the RE alloys.Nd and Dy metals with purities greater than 90%were estimated to be recovered at rates of 96%and 91%,respectively.Almost all the RE in the scraps could be separated and recycled as RE metals,and the byproducts were easily removed.Thus,this process is expected to be used on an industrial scale to realize a carbon-neutral society.展开更多
Uncontrolled dendrite growth,sluggish reaction kinetics,and drastic side reactions on the anodeelectrolyte interface are the main obstacles that restrict the application prospect of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.Traditio...Uncontrolled dendrite growth,sluggish reaction kinetics,and drastic side reactions on the anodeelectrolyte interface are the main obstacles that restrict the application prospect of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.Traditional glass fiber(GF)separator with chemical inertness is almost ineffective in restricting these challenges.Herein,inspired by the ionic enrichment behavior of seaweed plants,a facile biomass species,anionic sodium alginate(SA),is purposely decorated on the commercial GF separator to tackle these issues towards Zn anode.Benefiting from the abundant zincophilic functional groups and superior mechanical strength properties,the as-obtained SA@GF separator could act as ion pump to boost the Zn^(2+)transference number(0.68),reduce the de-solvation energy barrier of hydrated Zn^(2+),and eliminate the undesired concentration polarization effect,which are verified by experimental tests,theoretical calculations,and finite element simulation,respectively.Based on these efficient modulation mechanisms,the SA@GF separator can synchronously achieve well-aligned Zn deposition and the suppression of parasitic side-reactions.Therefore,the Zn‖Zn coin cell integrated with SA@GF separator could yield a prolonged calendar lifespan over 1230 h(1 mA cm^(-2)and 1 mAh cm^(-2)),exhibiting favorable competitiveness with previously reported separator modification strategies.Impressively,the Zn-MnO_(2)full and pouch cell assembled with the SA@GF separator also delivered superior cycling stability and rate performance,further verifying its practical application effect.This work provides a new design philosophy to stabilize the Zn anode from the aspect of separator.展开更多
Copper and cobalt were recovered from SICOMINES mining waste rock in the Democratic Republic of Congo.The process mineralogy of the samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectro...Copper and cobalt were recovered from SICOMINES mining waste rock in the Democratic Republic of Congo.The process mineralogy of the samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.The results showed that copper minerals exhibited various forms and uneven particle sizes,while cobalt existed in the form of highly dispersed asbolane,and large amounts of easily slimed gangue minerals were filled in the samples,making it difficult to separate copper and cobalt minerals.The particle size range plays a decisive role in selecting the separation method for the copper−cobalt ore.Gravity separation was suitable for particles ranging from 43 to 246μm,while flotation was more effective for particles below 43μm.After ore grinding and particle size classification,applying a combined gravity separation(shaking table)−flotation method yielded concentrated minerals with a copper recovery of 72.83%and a cobalt recovery of 31.13%.展开更多
The research,fabrication and development of piezoelectric nanofibrous materials offer effective solutions to the challenges related to energy consumption and non-renewable resources.However,enhancing their electrical ...The research,fabrication and development of piezoelectric nanofibrous materials offer effective solutions to the challenges related to energy consumption and non-renewable resources.However,enhancing their electrical output still remains a significant challenge.Here,a strategy of inducing constrained phase separation on single nanofibers via shear force was proposed.Employing electrospinning technology,a polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene difluoride(PAN/PVDF)nanofibrous membrane was fabricated in one step,which enabled simultaneous piezoelectric and triboelectric conversion within a single-layer membrane.Each nanofiber contained independent components of PAN and PVDF and exhibited a rough surface.The abundant frictional contact points formed between these heterogeneous components contributed to an enhanced endogenous triboelectric output,showcasing an excellent synergistic effect of piezoelectric and triboelectric response in the nanofibrous membrane.Additionally,the component mass ratio influenced the microstructure,piezoelectric conformation and piezoelectric performance of the PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes.Through comprehensive performance comparison,the optimal mass ratio of PAN to PVDF was determined to be 9∶1.The piezoelectric devices made of the optimal PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes with rough nanofiber surfaces generated an output voltage of 20 V,which was about 1.8 times that of the smooth one at the same component mass ratio.The strategy of constrained phase separation on the surface of individual nanofibers provides a new approach to enhance the output performance of single-layer piezoelectric nanofibrous materials.展开更多
Membrane technology holds significant potential for augmenting or partially substituting conventional separation techniques,such as heatdriven distillation,thereby reducing energy consumption.Organic solvent nanofiltr...Membrane technology holds significant potential for augmenting or partially substituting conventional separation techniques,such as heatdriven distillation,thereby reducing energy consumption.Organic solvent nanofiltration represents an advanced membrane separation technology capable of discerning molecules within a molecular weight range of approximately 100-1000 Da in organic solvents,offering low energy requirements and minimal carbon footprints.Molecular separation in non-polar solvent system,such as toluene,n-hexane,and n-heptane,has gained paramount importance due to their extensive use in the pharmaceutical,biochemical,and petrochemical industries.In this review,we presented recent advancements in membrane materials,membrane fabrication techniques and their promising applications for separation in nonpolar solvent system,encompassing hydrocarbon separation,bioactive molecule purification and organic solvent recovery.Furthermore,this review highlighted the challenges and opportunities associated with membrane scale-up strategies and the direct translation of this promising technology into industrial applications.展开更多
Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries with attractive capacity give remarkable potential for prospective high-capacity application scenarios but suffer a fatal flaw of short cyclability before large-scale commercialization es...Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries with attractive capacity give remarkable potential for prospective high-capacity application scenarios but suffer a fatal flaw of short cyclability before large-scale commercialization especially owing to polysulfide(Li_(2)S_n)transmembrane shuttling.To efficiently restrain chronic Li_(2)S_n shuttle and expedite Li^(+)transfer,herein,a novel electriferous charge-mosaic S(TMC@Lys-Li)separator preparation approach is recommended.Interfacial polymerizations of lithiated lysine and trimesoyl chloride establish an electriferous charge-mosaic polyamide functional layer.Substituted Li within the charge-mosaic layer offers transition or replacement sites for smoothing Li^(+)migrations,which constructs efficient Li^(+)fast-transfer private channels and accelerates the Li^(+)transfer rate to 9.4 times.Negatively charged polyamide skeleton synchronously heightens Li_(2)S_n rejections by combining Donnan and steric effects.S(TMC@Lys-Li)replenishes Li for homogenizing Li nucleation and growth,endowing stable plating/stripping behaviors over 250 cycles for Li-Cu batteries.Assembled Li-S cells thus exhibit excellent specific capacity and cyclability at multiple application scenarios such as long periods,high areal capacity,and fast charge,holding 78.1%retention after 500 cycles at 1 C.The superior thermal stability and self-discharge of S(TMC@Lys-Li)dramatically strengthen battery thermal runaway resistance even at155℃,which ensures security for Li-S battery high-power and high-temperature operations.Above alluring features enable charge-mosaic separators to be potentially adopted in practical Li-S batteries demanding strict security,high-capacity density,and fast charge technology.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52277055).
文摘Traditional data-driven fault diagnosis methods depend on expert experience to manually extract effective fault features of signals,which has certain limitations.Conversely,deep learning techniques have gained prominence as a central focus of research in the field of fault diagnosis by strong fault feature extraction ability and end-to-end fault diagnosis efficiency.Recently,utilizing the respective advantages of convolution neural network(CNN)and Transformer in local and global feature extraction,research on cooperating the two have demonstrated promise in the field of fault diagnosis.However,the cross-channel convolution mechanism in CNN and the self-attention calculations in Transformer contribute to excessive complexity in the cooperative model.This complexity results in high computational costs and limited industrial applicability.To tackle the above challenges,this paper proposes a lightweight CNN-Transformer named as SEFormer for rotating machinery fault diagnosis.First,a separable multiscale depthwise convolution block is designed to extract and integrate multiscale feature information from different channel dimensions of vibration signals.Then,an efficient self-attention block is developed to capture critical fine-grained features of the signal from a global perspective.Finally,experimental results on the planetary gearbox dataset and themotor roller bearing dataset prove that the proposed framework can balance the advantages of robustness,generalization and lightweight compared to recent state-of-the-art fault diagnosis models based on CNN and Transformer.This study presents a feasible strategy for developing a lightweight rotating machinery fault diagnosis framework aimed at economical deployment.
基金financially supported by the Original Exploration Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52150079)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.U22A20130,U2004215,and 51974280)+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province of China(No.232300421196)the Project of Zhongyuan Critical Metals Laboratory of China(Nos.GJJSGFYQ202304,GJJSGFJQ202306,GJJSGFYQ202323,GJJSGFYQ202308,and GJJSGFYQ202307)。
文摘Solvent extraction,a separation and purification technology,is crucial in critical metal metallurgy.Organic solvents commonly used in solvent extraction exhibit disadvantages,such as high volatility,high toxicity,and flammability,causing a spectrum of hazards to human health and environmental safety.Neoteric solvents have been recognized as potential alternatives to these harmful organic solvents.In the past two decades,several neoteric solvents have been proposed,including ionic liquids(ILs)and deep eutectic solvents(DESs).DESs have gradually become the focus of green solvents owing to several advantages,namely,low toxicity,degradability,and low cost.In this critical review,their classification,formation mechanisms,preparation methods,characterization technologies,and special physicochemical properties based on the most recent advancements in research have been systematically described.Subsequently,the major separation and purification applications of DESs in critical metal metallurgy were comprehensively summarized.Finally,future opportunities and challenges of DESs were explored in the current research area.In conclusion,this review provides valuable insights for improving our overall understanding of DESs,and it holds important potential for expanding separation and purification applications in critical metal metallurgy.
基金financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22108258 and 52003251)Program for Science&Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province(24HASTIT004)+1 种基金Outstanding Youth Fund of Henan Scientific Committee(222300420085)Science and Technology Joint Project of Henan Province(222301420041)。
文摘Mixed matrix membranes(MMMs)have demonstrated significant promise in energy-intensive gas separations by amalgamating the unique properties of fillers with the facile processability of polymers.However,achieving a simultaneous enhancement of permeability and selectivity remains a formidable challenge,due to the difficulty of achieving an optimal match between polymers and fillers.In this study,we incorporate a porous carbon-based zinc oxide composite(C@ZnO)into high-permeability polymers of intrinsic microporosity(PIMs)to fabricate MMMs.The dipole–dipole interaction between C@ZnO and PIMs ensures their exceptional compatibility,mitigating the formation of non-selective voids in the resulting MMMs.Concurrently,C@ZnO with abundant interconnected pores can provide additional low-resistance pathways for gas transport in MMMs.As a result,the CO_(2) permeability of the optimized C@ZnO/PIM-1 MMMs is elevated to 13,215 barrer,while the CO_(2)/N_(2) and CO_(2)/CH_(4) selectivity reached 21.5 and 14.4,respectively,substantially surpassing the 2008 Robeson upper bound.Additionally,molecular simulation results further corroborate that the augmented membrane gas selectivity is attributed to the superior CO_(2) affinity of C@ZnO.In summary,we believe that this work not only expands the application of MMMs for gas separation but also heralds a paradigm shift in the application of porous carbon materials.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (52203123)Sichuan Science and Technology Program (2023NSFSC0991)+2 种基金State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering (sklpme-2023-1-05 and sklpme-2024-2-04)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesThis research was also partially sponsored by the Double First-Class Construction Funds of Sichuan University。
文摘All-safe liquid-state lithium-ion batteries(ASLS-LIBs) is of great interest as they can potentially combine the safety of all-solid-state batteries with the high performance and low manufacturing cost of traditional liquid-state LIBs. However, the practical success of ASLS-LIBs is bottlenecked by the lack of advanced separator technology that can simultaneously realize high performances in puncturing-tolerability,fire-resistance, and importantly, wetting-capability with non-flammable liquid-electrolytes. Here, we propose a concept of inorganic in-situ separator(IISS) by hybrid-sol physical crosslinking directly onto the electrode surface to address the above challenges. Particularly, the hybrid-sol is designed with silica nanoparticles as the building block and poly(vinylidene difluoride) nanoparticles as the crosslinking agent. The critical factors for controlling the IISS microstructures and properties have been systematically investigated. The advantages of the IISS have been confirmed by its fast wetting with various fireresistant liquid-electrolytes, customizable thickness and porous structures, robust interface with planar or three-dimensional(3D)-structured electrodes, and importantly, unexpected self-adaptability against puncturing. Enabled by the above merits, a fire-resistant ASLS-LIB is successfully assembled and demonstrated with stable electrochemical performance. This sol-crosslinked IISS may open an avenue for the studies on the next-generation separator technology, cell assembling, solid electrolyte processing as well as non-flammable secondary batteries.
文摘The crisis of excessive increase in CO_(2)emissions has quickly become a serious issue and requires low-cost and bio-compatible solutions.The employee of membrane technology for CO_(2)gas separation has garnered significant interest among researchers.However,this method encounters challenges related to selectivity and permeability.Therefore,modifying and reinforcing the polymer membranes to improve gas separation performance seems essential.Among the various methods for polymer membrane modification,modification with magnesium-based fillers to prepare a mixed matrix membrane(MMM)is considered an efficient method.Owing to magnesium metal's low weight,low density,high strength,and good selectivity,magnesium-based materials(Mg-based materials)have more porosity,higher available surface area,more adsorption sites,lighter weight,and more gas absorption tendency than other fillers,which makes them an attractive choice for the preparation of gas separation MMMs.This research deals with the introduction of Mg-based materials,various methods of synthesis of Mg-based materials,different methods of introducing Mg-based materials into the membrane matrix,and their effect on the performance of MMMs in CO_(2)gas separation applications.Therefore,this review can provide researchers with light horizons in using the high potential of Mg-based materials as efficient fillers in MMMs to achieve excellent permeability and selectivity and generally improve their performance in CO_(2)gas separation applications.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52074357)the Vanadium Titanium Union Foundation,ChinaChina Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2019M650188)。
文摘n-octylphosphonic acid(OPA)was introduced as a novel collector for ilmenite flotation and its effectiveness was compared with the conventional chelating collector,benzohydroxamic acid(BHA).Micro-flotation tests demonstrated that OPA was a highly effective and selective collector for separating ilmenite from titanaugite over acidic conditions(optimal pH around 3),which was also supported by adsorption amount measurements.X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS)tests indicated that the chemisorption of OPA onto ilmenite surface was much stronger than that of BHA.Solution chemistry diagram analyses indicated that OPA could dissociate well at pH 3.0 and mostly exist in anion form.DFT calculations further confirmed that OPA was much easier to adsorb onto ilmenite surface with shorter bond length and lower adsorption energy in comparison with BHA.Therefore,OPA maintained good collecting ability and selectivity for ilmenite flotation in the strongly acidic pulp,providing valuable insights into new collector design and development.
基金supported by Fundamental Research Projects of Yunnan Province,China(Nos.202101BE070001-009,202301AU070189).
文摘Mineral fulvic acid(MFA)was used as an eco-friendly pyrite depressant to recover chalcopyrite by flotation with the use of the butyl xanthate as a collector.Flotation experiments showed that MFA produced a stronger inhibition effect on pyrite than on chalcopyrite.The separation of chalcopyrite from pyrite was realized by introducing 150 mg/L MFA at a pulp pH of approximately 8.0.The copper grade,copper recovery,and separation efficiency were 28.03%,84.79%,and 71.66%,respectively.Surface adsorption tests,zeta potential determinations,and localized electrochemical impedance spectroscopy tests showed that more MFA adsorbed on pyrite than on chalcopyrite,which weakened the subsequent interactions between pyrite and the collector.Atomic force microscope imaging further confirmed the adsorption of MFA on pyrite,and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results indicated that hydrophilic Fe-based species on the pyrite surfaces increased after exposure of pyrite to MFA,thereby decreasing the floatability of pyrite.
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.U21B2094 and Grant No.U2067212)。
文摘The separation of lithium isotopes (^(6)Li and ^(7)Li) is of great importance for the nuclear industry.The lithium amalgam method is the only lithium isotopes separation process in industry,and the extensive use of mercury has raised concerns about its potential environmental hazards,which have prompted the search for more efficient and environmentally friendly alternatives.Crown ethers can bind lithium ions highly selectively and separate lithium isotopes effectively.A chemical exchange-based lithium isotopes separation method using crown ether decorated materials could be a viable and cost-effective alternative to the lithium amalgam method.In this review,we provide a systematic summary of the recent advances in lithium isotopes separation using crown ethers decorated materials.
基金the Center of Lithium Battery Membrane Materials jointly established by School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering of Huazhong University of Science and Technology and Shenzhen Senior Technology Material Co.Ltd.,the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52020105012,52303084)the Young Scientists Fund of Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province(2023AFB220)for the support of this work.
文摘The growing demands for energy storage systems,electric vehicles,and portable electronics have significantly pushed forward the need for safe and reliable lithium batteries.It is essential to design functional separators with improved mechanical and electrochemical characteristics.This review covers the improved mechanical and electrochemical performances as well as the advancements made in the design of separators utilizing a variety of techniques.In terms of electrolyte wettability and adhesion of the coating materials,we provide an overview of the current status of research on coated separators,in situ modified separators,and grafting modified separators,and elaborate additional performance parameters of interest.The characteristics of inorganics coated separators,organic framework coated separators and inorganic-organic coated separators from different fabrication methods are compared.Future directions regarding new modified materials,manufacturing process,quantitative analysis of adhesion and so on are proposed toward next-generation advanced lithium batteries.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22208050,22108034)Guangdong Provincial Natural Science Foundation Project(2023A1515012151)Scientific Research Project of Guangdong Provincial Department of Education(2023KTSCX132).
文摘Adsorptive separation holds important prospect for the challenging recovery of C_(2)H_(6) and C_(3)H_(8) from natural gas and the separation efficiency is primarily determined by a high-performance adsorbent.In this work,we reported the synthesis of a novel porous organic polymer,FOSU-POP-1 for the separation of CH_(4)/C_(2)H_(6)/C_(3)H_(8).The FOSU-POP-1 was synthesized from tetrakis(4-azidophenyl)methane and 1,3,5-triethynylbenzene via click reaction with a Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET)surface area of 1038 m^(2)·g^(-1).Exhibiting stronger affinity towards C_(3)H_(8) and C_(2)H_(6) than CH_(4),2.85 mmol·g^(-1) for C_(3)H_(8) and 2.14 mmol·g^(-1) for C_(2)H_(6) were achieved on the FOSU-POP-1 at 0.1 MPa,298 K,with an ideal adsorbed solution theory selectivity of 227 for C_(3)H_(8)/CH_(4).The breakthrough experiment confirmed the good dynamic separation performance and recyclability of FOSU-POP-1 for CH_(4)/C_(2)H_(6)/C_(3)H_(8) ternary mixture.The density functional theory calculation further revealed that the N atom in triazole ring interacted strongly with the C_(3)H_(8) and C_(2)H_(6).This work highlighted the promising capability of FOSU-POP-1 for efficiently separating CH_(4)/C_(2)H_(6)/C_(3)H_(8) mixture.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U22A20422,22178028)the Program of Introducing Talents of Discipline to Universities(Project 111,B21022)the 5·5 Engineering Research&Innovation Team Project of Beijing Forestry University(No.BLRC2023B01)。
文摘Separators in supercapacitors(SCs)frequently suffer from high resistance and the risk of short circuits due to inadequate electrolyte wettability,depressed mechanical properties,and insufficient thermal stability.Here,we develop a high-performance regenerated cellulose separator with nano-cracked structures for SCs via a binary solvent of superbase-derived ionic liquid and dimethylsulfoxide(DMSO).The unique nano-cracks with an average width of 7.45 nm arise from the acceleration of cellulose molecular reassembly by DMSO-regulated hydrogen bonding,which endows the separator with high porosity(70.2%)and excellent electrolyte retention(329%).The outstanding thermal stability(273℃)and mechanical strength(70 MPa)enable the separator to maintain its structural integrity under high temperatures and external forces.With these benefits,the SC utilizing the cellulose separator enables a high specific capacitance of 93.6 F g^(−1) at 1.0 A g^(−1) and a remarkable capacitance retention of 99.5%after 10,000 cycles compared with the commercial NKK-MPF30AC and NKK-TF4030.The robust and high-wettability cellulose separator holds promise as a superior alternative to commercial separators for advanced SCs with enhanced performance and improved safety.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52202328,52372099)the Shanghai Sailing Program(22YF1455500).
文摘Poor Li plating reversibility and high thermal runaway risks are key challenges for fast charging lithiumion batteries with graphite anodes.Herein,a dielectric and fire-resistant separator based on hybrid nanofibers of barium sulfate(BS)and bacterial cellulose(BC)is developed to synchronously enhance the battery's fast charging and thermal-safety performances.The regulation mechanism of the dielectric BS/BC separator in enhancing the Li^(+)ion transport and Li plating reversibility is revealed.(1)The Max-Wagner polarization electric field of the dielectric BS/BC separator can accelerate the desolvation of solvated Li^(+)ions,enhancing their transport kinetics.(2)Moreover,due to the charge balancing effect,the dielectric BS/BC separator homogenizes the electric field/Li^(+)ion flux at the graphite anode-separator interface,facilitating uniform Li plating and suppressing Li dendrite growth.Consequently,the fast-charge graphite anode with the BS/BC separator shows higher Coulombic efficiency(99.0%vs.96.9%)and longer cycling lifespan(100 cycles vs.59 cycles)than that with the polypropylene(PP)separator in the constantlithiation cycling test at 2 mA cm^(-2).The high-loading LiFePO4(15.5 mg cm^(-2))//graphite(7.5 mg cm^(-2))full cell with the BS/BC separator exhibits excellent fast charging performance,retaining 70%of its capacity after 500 cycles at a high rate of 2C,which is significantly better than that of the cell with the PP separator(retaining only 27%of its capacity after 500 cycles).More importantly,the thermally stable BS/BC separator effectively elevates the critical temperature and reduces the heat release rate during thermal runaway,thereby significantly enhancing the battery's safety.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China[Grant numbers:52475385,52305392]the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2022M722048).
文摘Welding high-entropy alloy(HEA)to Mg alloy has gained increasing attention for multi-metal structure design,while intrinsic sluggish diffusion kinetics of HEA confines diffusion-controlled interfacial reactions and makes it challenging to establish robust metallurgical bonding.This study investigated welding of FeCoCrNiMn HEA to commercial AZ31 as a model combination to pioneer thisfield.Interfacial phase separation phenomenon was observed,with the diffusion accelerated by in-situ engineering a submicron-scale thick(∼400–500 nm)HEA nearby the interface into nanocrystalline-structure during friction stir welding.Abundant grain boundaries generated in this nanocrystalline-interlayer serve as diffusion short-circuits and energetically preferred nucleation-sites,which promoted Al in AZ31 to diffuse into HEA and triggered quick separation into body-centered cubic AlNi-type and tetragonal FeCr-type intermetallics.HEA and AZ31 were thus metallurgically bonded by these interfacial intermetallics.The joint shows exceptional strength in tensile lap-shear testing with fracture largely occurred within AZ31 rather than right along interface as commonly reported previously for dissimilar joints.
基金funded by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences,Grant Number XDA29020503.
文摘In the novel fully dry converter gas recovery process,a novel circumfluent cyclone separator with an evaporation heating surface can simultaneously realize the dust removal and sensible heat recovery of converter gas.For this equipment,the distributions of internal flow and wall heat transfer affect the efficiency of dust removal and sensible heat recovery.In this study,based on on-site operation tests,the distributions of internal flow and wall heat transfer in the circumfluent cyclone separator are studied by numerical simulation.The results indicate that the flow rate proportions in different regions of the circumfluent cyclone separator remain constant during the steelmaking process,approximately 80.1%of the converter gas flows through the cone chamber,and 15.4%of the converter gas flows through the annular chamber.The heat transfer rate proportions on the walls of different regions of the circumfluent cyclone separator remain constant during the steelmaking process,and the heat transfer rate proportions on the walls of the cone chamber,straight shell,shell head and outlet pipe are 40.2%,27.0%,17.6%and 15.2%,respectively.
基金supported by a Grant-in-Aid from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science(JSPS)Fellows(19J20301).
文摘Owing to the worldwide trend towards carbon neutrality,the number of Dy-containing heat-resistant Nd magnets used for wind power generation and electric vehicles is expected to increase exponentially.However,rare earth(RE)elements(especially Dy)are unevenly distributed globally.Therefore,an environmental-friendly recycling method for RE elements with a highly precise separation of Dy and Nd from end-of-life magnets is required to realize a carbon-neutral society.As an alternative to traditional hydrometallurgical RE separation techniques with a high environmental load,we designed a novel,highly efficient,and precise process for the separation and recycling of RE elements from magnet scrap.As a result,over 90%of the RE elements were efficiently extracted from the magnets using MgCl_(2)and evaporation loss was selectively suppressed by adding CaF_(2).The extracted RE elements were electrolytically separated based on the formation potential differences of the RE alloys.Nd and Dy metals with purities greater than 90%were estimated to be recovered at rates of 96%and 91%,respectively.Almost all the RE in the scraps could be separated and recycled as RE metals,and the byproducts were easily removed.Thus,this process is expected to be used on an industrial scale to realize a carbon-neutral society.
基金supported by research grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52173235,22008193,52106110)the Key Research and Development Project of Hainan Province(ZDYF2024SHFZ038)+2 种基金Venture&Innovation Support Program for Chongqing Overseas Returnees(CX2021018)Research Foundation of Chongqing University of Science and Technology(ckrc2021071)Numerical computations were performed on Hefei Advanced Computing Center.
文摘Uncontrolled dendrite growth,sluggish reaction kinetics,and drastic side reactions on the anodeelectrolyte interface are the main obstacles that restrict the application prospect of aqueous zinc-ion batteries.Traditional glass fiber(GF)separator with chemical inertness is almost ineffective in restricting these challenges.Herein,inspired by the ionic enrichment behavior of seaweed plants,a facile biomass species,anionic sodium alginate(SA),is purposely decorated on the commercial GF separator to tackle these issues towards Zn anode.Benefiting from the abundant zincophilic functional groups and superior mechanical strength properties,the as-obtained SA@GF separator could act as ion pump to boost the Zn^(2+)transference number(0.68),reduce the de-solvation energy barrier of hydrated Zn^(2+),and eliminate the undesired concentration polarization effect,which are verified by experimental tests,theoretical calculations,and finite element simulation,respectively.Based on these efficient modulation mechanisms,the SA@GF separator can synchronously achieve well-aligned Zn deposition and the suppression of parasitic side-reactions.Therefore,the Zn‖Zn coin cell integrated with SA@GF separator could yield a prolonged calendar lifespan over 1230 h(1 mA cm^(-2)and 1 mAh cm^(-2)),exhibiting favorable competitiveness with previously reported separator modification strategies.Impressively,the Zn-MnO_(2)full and pouch cell assembled with the SA@GF separator also delivered superior cycling stability and rate performance,further verifying its practical application effect.This work provides a new design philosophy to stabilize the Zn anode from the aspect of separator.
基金National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2020YFC1909202)Major Science and Technology Program of Yunnan Province,China (No. 202202AB080012) for financial support。
文摘Copper and cobalt were recovered from SICOMINES mining waste rock in the Democratic Republic of Congo.The process mineralogy of the samples was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive spectroscopy.The results showed that copper minerals exhibited various forms and uneven particle sizes,while cobalt existed in the form of highly dispersed asbolane,and large amounts of easily slimed gangue minerals were filled in the samples,making it difficult to separate copper and cobalt minerals.The particle size range plays a decisive role in selecting the separation method for the copper−cobalt ore.Gravity separation was suitable for particles ranging from 43 to 246μm,while flotation was more effective for particles below 43μm.After ore grinding and particle size classification,applying a combined gravity separation(shaking table)−flotation method yielded concentrated minerals with a copper recovery of 72.83%and a cobalt recovery of 31.13%.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.52373281)National Energy-Saving and Low-Carbon Materials Production and Application Demonstration Platform Program,China(No.TC220H06N)。
文摘The research,fabrication and development of piezoelectric nanofibrous materials offer effective solutions to the challenges related to energy consumption and non-renewable resources.However,enhancing their electrical output still remains a significant challenge.Here,a strategy of inducing constrained phase separation on single nanofibers via shear force was proposed.Employing electrospinning technology,a polyacrylonitrile/polyvinylidene difluoride(PAN/PVDF)nanofibrous membrane was fabricated in one step,which enabled simultaneous piezoelectric and triboelectric conversion within a single-layer membrane.Each nanofiber contained independent components of PAN and PVDF and exhibited a rough surface.The abundant frictional contact points formed between these heterogeneous components contributed to an enhanced endogenous triboelectric output,showcasing an excellent synergistic effect of piezoelectric and triboelectric response in the nanofibrous membrane.Additionally,the component mass ratio influenced the microstructure,piezoelectric conformation and piezoelectric performance of the PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes.Through comprehensive performance comparison,the optimal mass ratio of PAN to PVDF was determined to be 9∶1.The piezoelectric devices made of the optimal PAN/PVDF nanofibrous membranes with rough nanofiber surfaces generated an output voltage of 20 V,which was about 1.8 times that of the smooth one at the same component mass ratio.The strategy of constrained phase separation on the surface of individual nanofibers provides a new approach to enhance the output performance of single-layer piezoelectric nanofibrous materials.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2230081973)Shanghai Pilot Program for Basic Research(22TQ1400100-4).
文摘Membrane technology holds significant potential for augmenting or partially substituting conventional separation techniques,such as heatdriven distillation,thereby reducing energy consumption.Organic solvent nanofiltration represents an advanced membrane separation technology capable of discerning molecules within a molecular weight range of approximately 100-1000 Da in organic solvents,offering low energy requirements and minimal carbon footprints.Molecular separation in non-polar solvent system,such as toluene,n-hexane,and n-heptane,has gained paramount importance due to their extensive use in the pharmaceutical,biochemical,and petrochemical industries.In this review,we presented recent advancements in membrane materials,membrane fabrication techniques and their promising applications for separation in nonpolar solvent system,encompassing hydrocarbon separation,bioactive molecule purification and organic solvent recovery.Furthermore,this review highlighted the challenges and opportunities associated with membrane scale-up strategies and the direct translation of this promising technology into industrial applications.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2022QB050)the Liaocheng University Doctoral Initial Fund(318052137)。
文摘Lithium-sulfur(Li-S)batteries with attractive capacity give remarkable potential for prospective high-capacity application scenarios but suffer a fatal flaw of short cyclability before large-scale commercialization especially owing to polysulfide(Li_(2)S_n)transmembrane shuttling.To efficiently restrain chronic Li_(2)S_n shuttle and expedite Li^(+)transfer,herein,a novel electriferous charge-mosaic S(TMC@Lys-Li)separator preparation approach is recommended.Interfacial polymerizations of lithiated lysine and trimesoyl chloride establish an electriferous charge-mosaic polyamide functional layer.Substituted Li within the charge-mosaic layer offers transition or replacement sites for smoothing Li^(+)migrations,which constructs efficient Li^(+)fast-transfer private channels and accelerates the Li^(+)transfer rate to 9.4 times.Negatively charged polyamide skeleton synchronously heightens Li_(2)S_n rejections by combining Donnan and steric effects.S(TMC@Lys-Li)replenishes Li for homogenizing Li nucleation and growth,endowing stable plating/stripping behaviors over 250 cycles for Li-Cu batteries.Assembled Li-S cells thus exhibit excellent specific capacity and cyclability at multiple application scenarios such as long periods,high areal capacity,and fast charge,holding 78.1%retention after 500 cycles at 1 C.The superior thermal stability and self-discharge of S(TMC@Lys-Li)dramatically strengthen battery thermal runaway resistance even at155℃,which ensures security for Li-S battery high-power and high-temperature operations.Above alluring features enable charge-mosaic separators to be potentially adopted in practical Li-S batteries demanding strict security,high-capacity density,and fast charge technology.
