This study describes a developing process of lifeline earthquake engineering from historical aspects.Currently various seismic design methods have been furnished for ground shaking and for permanent ground displacemen...This study describes a developing process of lifeline earthquake engineering from historical aspects.Currently various seismic design methods have been furnished for ground shaking and for permanent ground displacement.The seismic design method for ground shaking introduces different travelling wave models in the US and in Japan.As a result,Japanese approach was developed by actively taking into account the slippage effect in order to solve the inelastic response of the pipeline for a severe earthquake.The seismic design method for permanent ground displacement,on the other hand,prepared various numerical modeling and database in the US,while the simplified design formula for ground displacement was furnished in the seismic design guidelines in Japan.The detail design formula for liquefied ground settlement and fault displacement are expressed in this study.Various approaches of the performance-based seismic design method are compared among EU,the US and Japan.Unfortunately,the design method in Japan does not show the safety target in the guidelines.Then a simple evaluation approach to obtain the safety index is proposed herein.The different performance of two actual pipeline systems is compared,in which one pipeline system demonstrated a good performance for 2011 East Japan Great Earthquake,and the other did not.In state-of-the-art study,the seismic experiments and design method of expansion joints are described,because the ultimate limit performance of the expansion joints has not been explicit,although many seismic damages have occurred at the locations of vulnerable expansion joints.展开更多
Lifelines, such as pipeline, transportation, communication, electric transmission and medical rescue systems, are complicated networks that always distribute spatially over large geological and geographic units. The q...Lifelines, such as pipeline, transportation, communication, electric transmission and medical rescue systems, are complicated networks that always distribute spatially over large geological and geographic units. The quantification of their reliability under an earthquake occurrence should be highly regarded, because the performance of these systems during a destructive earthquake is vital in order to estimate direct and indirect economic losses from lifeline failures, and is also related to laying out a rescue plan. The research in this paper aims to develop a new earthquake reliability calculation methodology for lifeline systems. The methodology of the network reliability for lifeline systems is based on fault tree analysis （FTA） and geological information system （GIS）. The interactions existing in a lifeline system ale considered herein. The lifeline systems are idealized as equivalent networks, consisting of nodes and links, and are described by network analysis in GIS. Firstly, the node is divided into two types： simple node and complicated node, where the reliability of the complicated node is calculated by FTA and interaction is regarded as one factor to affect performance of the nodes. The reliability of simple node and link is evaluated by code. Then, the reliability of the entilre network is assessed based on GIS and FTA. Lastly, an illustration is given to show the methodology.展开更多
A new centrifuge based method for determining the response of continuous buried pipe to PGD is presented. The physical characteristics of the RPI's 100 g-ton geotechnical centrifuge and the current lifeline experi...A new centrifuge based method for determining the response of continuous buried pipe to PGD is presented. The physical characteristics of the RPI's 100 g-ton geotechnical centrifuge and the current lifeline experiment split-box are described: The split-box contains the model pipeline and surrounding soil and is manufactured such that half can be offset, in flight, simulating PGD. In addition, governing similitude relations which allow one to determine the physical characteristics, (diameter, wall thickness and material modulus of elasticity) of the model pipeline are presented. Finally, recorded strains induced in two buried pipes with prototype diameters of 0.63 m and 0.95 m (24 and 36 inch) subject to 0.6 and 2.0 meters (2 and 6 feet) of full scale fault offsets and presented and compared to corresponding FE results.展开更多
文摘This study describes a developing process of lifeline earthquake engineering from historical aspects.Currently various seismic design methods have been furnished for ground shaking and for permanent ground displacement.The seismic design method for ground shaking introduces different travelling wave models in the US and in Japan.As a result,Japanese approach was developed by actively taking into account the slippage effect in order to solve the inelastic response of the pipeline for a severe earthquake.The seismic design method for permanent ground displacement,on the other hand,prepared various numerical modeling and database in the US,while the simplified design formula for ground displacement was furnished in the seismic design guidelines in Japan.The detail design formula for liquefied ground settlement and fault displacement are expressed in this study.Various approaches of the performance-based seismic design method are compared among EU,the US and Japan.Unfortunately,the design method in Japan does not show the safety target in the guidelines.Then a simple evaluation approach to obtain the safety index is proposed herein.The different performance of two actual pipeline systems is compared,in which one pipeline system demonstrated a good performance for 2011 East Japan Great Earthquake,and the other did not.In state-of-the-art study,the seismic experiments and design method of expansion joints are described,because the ultimate limit performance of the expansion joints has not been explicit,although many seismic damages have occurred at the locations of vulnerable expansion joints.
基金Sponsored by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.50278028) the Scientific Research Foundation of Harbin Institute of Technology(Grant No.HIT200079).
文摘Lifelines, such as pipeline, transportation, communication, electric transmission and medical rescue systems, are complicated networks that always distribute spatially over large geological and geographic units. The quantification of their reliability under an earthquake occurrence should be highly regarded, because the performance of these systems during a destructive earthquake is vital in order to estimate direct and indirect economic losses from lifeline failures, and is also related to laying out a rescue plan. The research in this paper aims to develop a new earthquake reliability calculation methodology for lifeline systems. The methodology of the network reliability for lifeline systems is based on fault tree analysis （FTA） and geological information system （GIS）. The interactions existing in a lifeline system ale considered herein. The lifeline systems are idealized as equivalent networks, consisting of nodes and links, and are described by network analysis in GIS. Firstly, the node is divided into two types： simple node and complicated node, where the reliability of the complicated node is calculated by FTA and interaction is regarded as one factor to affect performance of the nodes. The reliability of simple node and link is evaluated by code. Then, the reliability of the entilre network is assessed based on GIS and FTA. Lastly, an illustration is given to show the methodology.
基金National Science Foundation Under Grant No.CMS-0085256
文摘A new centrifuge based method for determining the response of continuous buried pipe to PGD is presented. The physical characteristics of the RPI's 100 g-ton geotechnical centrifuge and the current lifeline experiment split-box are described: The split-box contains the model pipeline and surrounding soil and is manufactured such that half can be offset, in flight, simulating PGD. In addition, governing similitude relations which allow one to determine the physical characteristics, (diameter, wall thickness and material modulus of elasticity) of the model pipeline are presented. Finally, recorded strains induced in two buried pipes with prototype diameters of 0.63 m and 0.95 m (24 and 36 inch) subject to 0.6 and 2.0 meters (2 and 6 feet) of full scale fault offsets and presented and compared to corresponding FE results.
