The electroencephalogram（EEG）characters value of observers can be deduced by collecting brain electrical information when the observers are watching parallax stereo video.The characters value will change clearly whe...The electroencephalogram（EEG）characters value of observers can be deduced by collecting brain electrical information when the observers are watching parallax stereo video.The characters value will change clearly when watching asthenopia appear.To investigate the characters of parallax stereo watching asthenopia,the EEG of observers were recorded through the whole watching process of parallax stereo films until watching asthenopia appeared.The recorded EEG data of observers belongs to time-domain information.Fourier transform can process these data to frequency spectrum information.Theαandβwaves average power can be got by Newton-Cotes equation from the information.The ratio ofβpower to the sum ofαandβpower,CV,can be defined as EEG characters value of parallax stereo watching asthenopia and used to estimate the asthenopia degree of observers.Our experiments show that the smaller the CVis,the more serious the asthenopia is.展开更多
This work is a discussion on the energy parallax theory developed in [1] [2] based on the multiplicity of the solutions theorem. This theory is compared with the perturbation theory in mathematical physics. The pertur...This work is a discussion on the energy parallax theory developed in [1] [2] based on the multiplicity of the solutions theorem. This theory is compared with the perturbation theory in mathematical physics. The perturbation theory uses the increment of a solution which can be formalized with a Taylor series development. With the energy parallax theory, the convergence property of the Taylor series of the energy of a system is the key to decide to include additional solutions, defined on the so-called energy spaces [2]. The development is supported using various examples in quantum mechanics (i.e. Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory) and wave theory with the Electromagnetic (EM) energy density (i.e. evanescent waves within the skin layer of a dielectric material). Finally, we discuss the Woodward effect [3] and the application of the energy parallax when assuming that the variations of EM energy density can trigger such effect within asymmetric cavities.展开更多
Two-dimensional endoscopic images are susceptible to interferences such as specular reflections and monotonous texture illumination,hindering accurate three-dimensional lesion reconstruction by surgical robots.This st...Two-dimensional endoscopic images are susceptible to interferences such as specular reflections and monotonous texture illumination,hindering accurate three-dimensional lesion reconstruction by surgical robots.This study proposes a novel end-to-end disparity estimation model to address these challenges.Our approach combines a Pseudo-Siamese neural network architecture with pyramid dilated convolutions,integrating multi-scale image information to enhance robustness against lighting interferences.This study introduces a Pseudo-Siamese structure-based disparity regression model that simplifies left-right image comparison,improving accuracy and efficiency.The model was evaluated using a dataset of stereo endoscopic videos captured by the Da Vinci surgical robot,comprising simulated silicone heart sequences and real heart video data.Experimental results demonstrate significant improvement in the network’s resistance to lighting interference without substantially increasing parameters.Moreover,the model exhibited faster convergence during training,contributing to overall performance enhancement.This study advances endoscopic image processing accuracy and has potential implications for surgical robot applications in complex environments.展开更多
We consider a face-to-face videoconferencing system that uses a Kinect camera at each end of the link for 3D modeling and an ordinary2 D display for output. The Kinect camera allows a 3D model of each participant to b...We consider a face-to-face videoconferencing system that uses a Kinect camera at each end of the link for 3D modeling and an ordinary2 D display for output. The Kinect camera allows a 3D model of each participant to be transmitted;the(assumed static) background is sent separately.Furthermore, the Kinect tracks the receiver's head,allowing our system to render a view of the sender depending on the receiver's viewpoint. The resulting motion parallax gives the receivers a strong impression of 3D viewing as they move, yet the system only needs an ordinary 2D display. This is cheaper than a full3 D system, and avoids disadvantages such as the need to wear shutter glasses, VR headsets, or to sit in a particular position required by an autostereo display.Perceptual studies show that users experience a greater sensation of depth with our system compared to a typical 2D videoconferencing system.展开更多
As a 3-D display technology,stereoscopic imaging with lenticular lens sheet can only offer viewers the horizontal parallax.To reconstruct the 3-D image with parallax in both horizontal and vertical directions,the full...As a 3-D display technology,stereoscopic imaging with lenticular lens sheet can only offer viewers the horizontal parallax.To reconstruct the 3-D image with parallax in both horizontal and vertical directions,the full parallax technique with micro-lens array was proposed.But due to the fabrication constraints and cost concerns of the micro-lens array,application of the full parallax technique is restricted in practice.In this paper we revisited the lenticular sheet method and cross-lenticular lens array formed by two lenticular sheets overlapped orthogonally.By analyzing the optical properties of this cross-lenticular lens array,we found that it has reasonable imaging qualities as a conventional micro-lens array.Besides,due to the poor optical property of the outskirt area of the cross-lenticular lens,the cross-lenticular lens array has better crosstalk suppression capability than the conventional one.Based on the analysis,in this paper,we used the proposed lens array to reconstruct a 3-D image and verified its practicability.The cross-lenticular lens array was found feasible to take the full parallax technique into commercial applications,with comparable advantages in terms of low-cost and easy fabrication over a large area.展开更多
In this Letter,we present a display system based on a curved screen and parallax barrier,which provides stereo images with a horizontal field of view of 360°without wearing any eyewear,to achieve an immersive aut...In this Letter,we present a display system based on a curved screen and parallax barrier,which provides stereo images with a horizontal field of view of 360°without wearing any eyewear,to achieve an immersive autostereoscopic effect.The display principle and characteristics of this display system are studied theoretically in detail.Three consecutive pixels on a curved screen and parallax barrier form a display unit,which can generate separate viewing zones for the left and right eyes,respectively.Simulation and experimental results show that the non-crosstalk effect can be obtained in the viewing zones,which proves the effectiveness of this display system.This study provides some new ideas for the improvement of the autostereoscopic display and to enable envisioned applications in virtual reality technology.展开更多
We propose a large parallax barrier by use of aperture grille. Main advantages of using aperture grille include no reflection and no absorption in apertures, as well as wide viewing angle. These advantages are investi...We propose a large parallax barrier by use of aperture grille. Main advantages of using aperture grille include no reflection and no absorption in apertures, as well as wide viewing angle. These advantages are investigated with theoretical calculations and experiments by use of several kinds of LED panels, such as a fine-pitch LED panel and a 140-inch large LED panel. Limitations of viewing angle by parallax barrier are analyzed in conventional black stripes on a transparent substrate type and in aperture grille type. Experimental results straw use of aperture grille increases contrast and reduce reflection on the aperture surface.展开更多
One-dimensional （ID） integral imaging based on parallax images＇ virtual reconstruction is proposed. The 1D integral imaging contains parallax images＇ capture process, parallax images＇ virtual reconstruction proce...One-dimensional （ID） integral imaging based on parallax images＇ virtual reconstruction is proposed. The 1D integral imaging contains parallax images＇ capture process, parallax images＇ virtual reconstruction process, and ID elemental image array＇s generation process. A pixel mapping algorithm is deduced to implement the last two processes; a ID elemental image array is generated by the mapping of pixels on the parallax images obtained using a ID camera array. The proposed ID integral imaging can capture the ID elemental image array of a real three-dimensional （3D） scene.展开更多
A simulation study of the parallax effect of gaseous detectors using the Garfield program is reported. A method that mainly uses non-uniform cathode potentials to reduce the parallax error of planar type gas detectors...A simulation study of the parallax effect of gaseous detectors using the Garfield program is reported. A method that mainly uses non-uniform cathode potentials to reduce the parallax error of planar type gas detectors is described. By applying it to MWPC and Micro-pattern gas detectors, the method reduces the parallax broadening with very good results. For a 13° incidence track, the width （FWHM） of the parallax broadening is reduced to less than 20% of the normal one after using the special cathode potentials.展开更多
The viewing direction in Digital Holography can be varied if different parts of a hologram are reconstructed.In this article parallax limitations are discussed using the phase space formalism.An equation for the paral...The viewing direction in Digital Holography can be varied if different parts of a hologram are reconstructed.In this article parallax limitations are discussed using the phase space formalism.An equation for the parallax angle is derived with this formalism from simple geometric quantities.The result is discussed in terms of pixel size and pixel number of the image sensor.Change of perspective is demonstrated experimentally by two numerical hologram reconstructions from different parts of one single digital hologram.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Fonudation of China(60674052)
文摘The electroencephalogram（EEG）characters value of observers can be deduced by collecting brain electrical information when the observers are watching parallax stereo video.The characters value will change clearly when watching asthenopia appear.To investigate the characters of parallax stereo watching asthenopia,the EEG of observers were recorded through the whole watching process of parallax stereo films until watching asthenopia appeared.The recorded EEG data of observers belongs to time-domain information.Fourier transform can process these data to frequency spectrum information.Theαandβwaves average power can be got by Newton-Cotes equation from the information.The ratio ofβpower to the sum ofαandβpower,CV,can be defined as EEG characters value of parallax stereo watching asthenopia and used to estimate the asthenopia degree of observers.Our experiments show that the smaller the CVis,the more serious the asthenopia is.
文摘This work is a discussion on the energy parallax theory developed in [1] [2] based on the multiplicity of the solutions theorem. This theory is compared with the perturbation theory in mathematical physics. The perturbation theory uses the increment of a solution which can be formalized with a Taylor series development. With the energy parallax theory, the convergence property of the Taylor series of the energy of a system is the key to decide to include additional solutions, defined on the so-called energy spaces [2]. The development is supported using various examples in quantum mechanics (i.e. Rayleigh-Schrödinger perturbation theory) and wave theory with the Electromagnetic (EM) energy density (i.e. evanescent waves within the skin layer of a dielectric material). Finally, we discuss the Woodward effect [3] and the application of the energy parallax when assuming that the variations of EM energy density can trigger such effect within asymmetric cavities.
基金Supported by Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2023YFSY0026,2023YFH0004)Supported by the Institute of Information&Communications Technology Planning&Evaluation(IITP)grant funded by the Korean government(MSIT)(No.RS-2022-00155885,Artificial Intelligence Convergence Innovation Human Resources Development(Hanyang University ERICA)).
文摘Two-dimensional endoscopic images are susceptible to interferences such as specular reflections and monotonous texture illumination,hindering accurate three-dimensional lesion reconstruction by surgical robots.This study proposes a novel end-to-end disparity estimation model to address these challenges.Our approach combines a Pseudo-Siamese neural network architecture with pyramid dilated convolutions,integrating multi-scale image information to enhance robustness against lighting interferences.This study introduces a Pseudo-Siamese structure-based disparity regression model that simplifies left-right image comparison,improving accuracy and efficiency.The model was evaluated using a dataset of stereo endoscopic videos captured by the Da Vinci surgical robot,comprising simulated silicone heart sequences and real heart video data.Experimental results demonstrate significant improvement in the network’s resistance to lighting interference without substantially increasing parameters.Moreover,the model exhibited faster convergence during training,contributing to overall performance enhancement.This study advances endoscopic image processing accuracy and has potential implications for surgical robot applications in complex environments.
基金supported by the National Hightech R&D Program of China (Project No. 2013AA013903)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Project Nos. 61133008 and 61272226)+1 种基金Research Grant of Beijing Higher Institution Engineering Research Center, an EPSRC Travel Grantthe Research and Enterprise Investment Fund of Cardiff Metropolitan University
文摘We consider a face-to-face videoconferencing system that uses a Kinect camera at each end of the link for 3D modeling and an ordinary2 D display for output. The Kinect camera allows a 3D model of each participant to be transmitted;the(assumed static) background is sent separately.Furthermore, the Kinect tracks the receiver's head,allowing our system to render a view of the sender depending on the receiver's viewpoint. The resulting motion parallax gives the receivers a strong impression of 3D viewing as they move, yet the system only needs an ordinary 2D display. This is cheaper than a full3 D system, and avoids disadvantages such as the need to wear shutter glasses, VR headsets, or to sit in a particular position required by an autostereo display.Perceptual studies show that users experience a greater sensation of depth with our system compared to a typical 2D videoconferencing system.
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China ("973" Project) (Grant No. 2010CB327702)
文摘As a 3-D display technology,stereoscopic imaging with lenticular lens sheet can only offer viewers the horizontal parallax.To reconstruct the 3-D image with parallax in both horizontal and vertical directions,the full parallax technique with micro-lens array was proposed.But due to the fabrication constraints and cost concerns of the micro-lens array,application of the full parallax technique is restricted in practice.In this paper we revisited the lenticular sheet method and cross-lenticular lens array formed by two lenticular sheets overlapped orthogonally.By analyzing the optical properties of this cross-lenticular lens array,we found that it has reasonable imaging qualities as a conventional micro-lens array.Besides,due to the poor optical property of the outskirt area of the cross-lenticular lens,the cross-lenticular lens array has better crosstalk suppression capability than the conventional one.Based on the analysis,in this paper,we used the proposed lens array to reconstruct a 3-D image and verified its practicability.The cross-lenticular lens array was found feasible to take the full parallax technique into commercial applications,with comparable advantages in terms of low-cost and easy fabrication over a large area.
基金supported by the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Nos.2018251 and 2017264)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11704378 and 61705221)。
文摘In this Letter,we present a display system based on a curved screen and parallax barrier,which provides stereo images with a horizontal field of view of 360°without wearing any eyewear,to achieve an immersive autostereoscopic effect.The display principle and characteristics of this display system are studied theoretically in detail.Three consecutive pixels on a curved screen and parallax barrier form a display unit,which can generate separate viewing zones for the left and right eyes,respectively.Simulation and experimental results show that the non-crosstalk effect can be obtained in the viewing zones,which proves the effectiveness of this display system.This study provides some new ideas for the improvement of the autostereoscopic display and to enable envisioned applications in virtual reality technology.
文摘We propose a large parallax barrier by use of aperture grille. Main advantages of using aperture grille include no reflection and no absorption in apertures, as well as wide viewing angle. These advantages are investigated with theoretical calculations and experiments by use of several kinds of LED panels, such as a fine-pitch LED panel and a 140-inch large LED panel. Limitations of viewing angle by parallax barrier are analyzed in conventional black stripes on a transparent substrate type and in aperture grille type. Experimental results straw use of aperture grille increases contrast and reduce reflection on the aperture surface.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61036008)the National "863" Program of China(No.2012AA011901)the International Science and Technology Cooperation Program of China(No.2012DFG11610)
文摘One-dimensional （ID） integral imaging based on parallax images＇ virtual reconstruction is proposed. The 1D integral imaging contains parallax images＇ capture process, parallax images＇ virtual reconstruction process, and ID elemental image array＇s generation process. A pixel mapping algorithm is deduced to implement the last two processes; a ID elemental image array is generated by the mapping of pixels on the parallax images obtained using a ID camera array. The proposed ID integral imaging can capture the ID elemental image array of a real three-dimensional （3D） scene.
基金Supported by Scientific Research Fund of the Sichuan Provincial Education Department(11ZA140)Scientific Research Fund of Southwest University of Science and Technology(10zx7123)
文摘A simulation study of the parallax effect of gaseous detectors using the Garfield program is reported. A method that mainly uses non-uniform cathode potentials to reduce the parallax error of planar type gas detectors is described. By applying it to MWPC and Micro-pattern gas detectors, the method reduces the parallax broadening with very good results. For a 13° incidence track, the width （FWHM） of the parallax broadening is reduced to less than 20% of the normal one after using the special cathode potentials.
文摘The viewing direction in Digital Holography can be varied if different parts of a hologram are reconstructed.In this article parallax limitations are discussed using the phase space formalism.An equation for the parallax angle is derived with this formalism from simple geometric quantities.The result is discussed in terms of pixel size and pixel number of the image sensor.Change of perspective is demonstrated experimentally by two numerical hologram reconstructions from different parts of one single digital hologram.
