Various distributed cooperative control schemes have been widely utilized for cyber-physical power system(CPPS),which only require local communications among geographic neighbors to fulfill certain goals.However,the p...Various distributed cooperative control schemes have been widely utilized for cyber-physical power system(CPPS),which only require local communications among geographic neighbors to fulfill certain goals.However,the process of evaluating the performance of an algorithm for a CPPS can be affected by the physical target characteristics and real communication conditions.To address this potential problem,a testbed with controller hardware-in-the-loop(CHIL)is proposed in this paper.On the basis of a power grid simulation conducted using the real-time simulator RT-LAB developed by the company OPAL-RT,along with a communication network simulation developed with OPNET,multiple distributed controllers were developed with hardware devices to directly collect the real-time operating data of the power system model in RT-LAB and provide local control.Furthermore,the communication between neighboring controllers was realized using the cyber system modelin OPNET with an Ethernet interface.The hardware controllers produced a real-world control behavior instead of a digital simulation,and precisely simulated the dynamic features of a CPPS with high speed.A classic cooperative control case for active power output was studied to explain the integrated simulation process and validate the effectiveness of the co-simulation testbed.展开更多
The present paper deals with the development of a modular, flexible and structured block to block approach for the study of regulators by implementing the different blocks on a DSP （digital signal processor）. The pr...The present paper deals with the development of a modular, flexible and structured block to block approach for the study of regulators by implementing the different blocks on a DSP （digital signal processor）. The proposed low-cost approach has been applied and validated by the implementation of an industrial regulator in a real time hardware-in-the-loop simulation of a mixed islanded power network including precise models of the hydraulic system. The studied network is constituted of three different types of electrical power generation systems and a consumer.展开更多
功率接口装置作为连接数字仿真与被测实物的重要环节,对于功率硬件在环(PHIL)仿真技术的稳定性与精度起到决定性作用。基于PHIL接口等效建模理论,建立PHIL的电路模型,分析其稳定性;基于重复控制理论,设计功率接口控制策略,保证仿真稳定...功率接口装置作为连接数字仿真与被测实物的重要环节,对于功率硬件在环(PHIL)仿真技术的稳定性与精度起到决定性作用。基于PHIL接口等效建模理论,建立PHIL的电路模型,分析其稳定性;基于重复控制理论,设计功率接口控制策略,保证仿真稳定性与精度;加入电压外环P控制,提高动态性能。搭建PHIL仿真试验平台,以380 V、50 k W功率接口装置实现了复杂系统的混合实时仿真,且稳态特性好、动态响应快、鲁棒性强。展开更多
数字物理混合仿真已成为模块化多电平换流器柔性直流输电技术(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)的重要研究手段,而接口算法是保证其系统稳定性和仿真精确性的关键技术。基于理想变压器模型法...数字物理混合仿真已成为模块化多电平换流器柔性直流输电技术(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)的重要研究手段,而接口算法是保证其系统稳定性和仿真精确性的关键技术。基于理想变压器模型法与阻尼阻抗法接口特性的对比分析,提出了一种基于自适应模式切换的新型接口算法,可在保证MMC-HVDC数字物理混合仿真系统稳定性的同时提高仿真精度。针对阻尼阻抗法,提出了物理动模交流场等效阻抗的精确计算方法,并简化了MMC交流侧等效阻抗的计算过程,实现了阻抗的实时匹配;根据2种接口算法的结构原理,在阻尼阻抗法的附加阻抗支路增加了一个可控开关,并以理想变压器模型法接口稳定性为依据设计了开关的动作条件及其误动的解决方案,进而设计新型接口算法的实现流程,保证接口特性的有效切换。通过数字仿真对比分析了新型接口算法与常用接口算法的接口特性,验证了其优越的稳定性和精确性。最后,设计了适用于MMC-HVDC数字物理混合仿真平台的启动方案,并通过硬件在环实验验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。展开更多
This paper presents the power hardware in the loop(PHIL)validation of a feed forward DC voltage control scheme for the fault ride through(FRT)of voltage source converter(VSC)high voltage DC(HVDC)connected offshore win...This paper presents the power hardware in the loop(PHIL)validation of a feed forward DC voltage control scheme for the fault ride through(FRT)of voltage source converter(VSC)high voltage DC(HVDC)connected offshore wind power plants(WPPs).In the proposed FRT scheme,the WPP collector network AC voltage is actively controlled by considering both the DC voltage error and the AC current from the WPP AC collector system which ensures fast and robust FRT of the VSC HVDC connected offshore WPPs.The PHIL tests were carried out in order to verify the efficacy of the proposed feed forward DC voltage control scheme for enhancing the FRT capability of the VSC HVDC connected WPPs.The PHIL test results have demonstrated the proper control coordination between the offshore WPP and the WPP side VSC and the efficient FRT of the VSC HVDC connected WPPs.展开更多
Real-time simulation of power electronics has been recognized by the industry as an effective tool for developing power electronic devices and systems.Since there is no energy transfer during the course of the usage,r...Real-time simulation of power electronics has been recognized by the industry as an effective tool for developing power electronic devices and systems.Since there is no energy transfer during the course of the usage,real-time simulation has a lot of advantages in the process of development and experimentation.From the perspective of real-time simulation,this paper focuses on the main problems in modeling accuracy,system bandwidth and stability,limitations on communication interface and energy interface,and the cost of platform construction.Finally,we provide further research directions.展开更多
As photovoltaic energy increasingly penetrates in power systems,transmission system operators have started to request its participation in providing ancillary services.One of the demanded services is the power ramp-ra...As photovoltaic energy increasingly penetrates in power systems,transmission system operators have started to request its participation in providing ancillary services.One of the demanded services is the power ramp-rate control(PRRC),which attempts to limit the power ramps produced by intermittent irradiance conditions.In order to achieve the desired objective,solutions based on storage systems or modifying the maximum power point tracking(MPPT)in perturb and observe(P&O)algorithms are commonly adopted.The starting point in PRRC is the determination of the instantaneous power ramprate,and different methods have been proposed in the literature for its calculation.However,the accuracy and computational speed of existing procedures can be improved,which may be critical in situations with rapid irradiance fluctuations.In this paper,a decoupled photovoltaic power ramp-rate calculation method is presented,in which the effect of variable irradiance and the P&O algorithm are computed separately.The proposed method has been theoretically demonstrated and tested through simulation and experimental tests.Simulation results show that it can improve the previous methods in terms of accuracy and computation time.Experimental validation with hardware-inthe-loop demonstrates the suitability of the proposed method for real-time applications,even in presence of noisy measurements.展开更多
An extended state observer(ESO)-based loop filter is designed for the phase-locked loop(PLL)involved in a disturbed grid-connected converter(GeC).This ESO-based design enhances the performances and robustness of the P...An extended state observer(ESO)-based loop filter is designed for the phase-locked loop(PLL)involved in a disturbed grid-connected converter(GeC).This ESO-based design enhances the performances and robustness of the PLL,and,therefore,improves control performances of the disturbed GeCs.Besides,the ESO-based LF can be applied to PLLs with extra filters for abnormal grid conditions.The unbalanced grid is particularly taken into account for the performance analysis.A tuning approach based on the well-designed PI controller is discussed,which results in a fair comparison with conventional PI-type PLLs.The frequency domain properies are quantitatively analysed with respeet to the control stability and the noises rejection.The frequency domain analysis and simulation results suggesti that the performances of the generated ESO-based controllers are comparable to those of the PI control at low frequency,while have better ability to atenuate high-frequency measurement noises.The phase margin decreases slightly,but remains acceptable.Finally,experimental tests are conducted with a hybrid power hardwarein-the-loop benchmark,in which balanced/unbalanced cases are both explored.The obtained results prove the effectiveness of ESO based PLLs when applied to the disturbed GeC.展开更多
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Basic Research Class)(No.2017YFB0903000)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.U1909201).
文摘Various distributed cooperative control schemes have been widely utilized for cyber-physical power system(CPPS),which only require local communications among geographic neighbors to fulfill certain goals.However,the process of evaluating the performance of an algorithm for a CPPS can be affected by the physical target characteristics and real communication conditions.To address this potential problem,a testbed with controller hardware-in-the-loop(CHIL)is proposed in this paper.On the basis of a power grid simulation conducted using the real-time simulator RT-LAB developed by the company OPAL-RT,along with a communication network simulation developed with OPNET,multiple distributed controllers were developed with hardware devices to directly collect the real-time operating data of the power system model in RT-LAB and provide local control.Furthermore,the communication between neighboring controllers was realized using the cyber system modelin OPNET with an Ethernet interface.The hardware controllers produced a real-world control behavior instead of a digital simulation,and precisely simulated the dynamic features of a CPPS with high speed.A classic cooperative control case for active power output was studied to explain the integrated simulation process and validate the effectiveness of the co-simulation testbed.
文摘The present paper deals with the development of a modular, flexible and structured block to block approach for the study of regulators by implementing the different blocks on a DSP （digital signal processor）. The proposed low-cost approach has been applied and validated by the implementation of an industrial regulator in a real time hardware-in-the-loop simulation of a mixed islanded power network including precise models of the hydraulic system. The studied network is constituted of three different types of electrical power generation systems and a consumer.
文摘功率接口装置作为连接数字仿真与被测实物的重要环节,对于功率硬件在环(PHIL)仿真技术的稳定性与精度起到决定性作用。基于PHIL接口等效建模理论,建立PHIL的电路模型,分析其稳定性;基于重复控制理论,设计功率接口控制策略,保证仿真稳定性与精度;加入电压外环P控制,提高动态性能。搭建PHIL仿真试验平台,以380 V、50 k W功率接口装置实现了复杂系统的混合实时仿真,且稳态特性好、动态响应快、鲁棒性强。
文摘数字物理混合仿真已成为模块化多电平换流器柔性直流输电技术(modular multilevel converter based high voltage direct current,MMC-HVDC)的重要研究手段,而接口算法是保证其系统稳定性和仿真精确性的关键技术。基于理想变压器模型法与阻尼阻抗法接口特性的对比分析,提出了一种基于自适应模式切换的新型接口算法,可在保证MMC-HVDC数字物理混合仿真系统稳定性的同时提高仿真精度。针对阻尼阻抗法,提出了物理动模交流场等效阻抗的精确计算方法,并简化了MMC交流侧等效阻抗的计算过程,实现了阻抗的实时匹配;根据2种接口算法的结构原理,在阻尼阻抗法的附加阻抗支路增加了一个可控开关,并以理想变压器模型法接口稳定性为依据设计了开关的动作条件及其误动的解决方案,进而设计新型接口算法的实现流程,保证接口特性的有效切换。通过数字仿真对比分析了新型接口算法与常用接口算法的接口特性,验证了其优越的稳定性和精确性。最后,设计了适用于MMC-HVDC数字物理混合仿真平台的启动方案,并通过硬件在环实验验证了所提方法的有效性和可行性。
文摘This paper presents the power hardware in the loop(PHIL)validation of a feed forward DC voltage control scheme for the fault ride through(FRT)of voltage source converter(VSC)high voltage DC(HVDC)connected offshore wind power plants(WPPs).In the proposed FRT scheme,the WPP collector network AC voltage is actively controlled by considering both the DC voltage error and the AC current from the WPP AC collector system which ensures fast and robust FRT of the VSC HVDC connected offshore WPPs.The PHIL tests were carried out in order to verify the efficacy of the proposed feed forward DC voltage control scheme for enhancing the FRT capability of the VSC HVDC connected WPPs.The PHIL test results have demonstrated the proper control coordination between the offshore WPP and the WPP side VSC and the efficient FRT of the VSC HVDC connected WPPs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51707053)the Anhui Provincial Natural Science Foundation(No.1808085QE155)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.JZ2019HGTB0080)
文摘Real-time simulation of power electronics has been recognized by the industry as an effective tool for developing power electronic devices and systems.Since there is no energy transfer during the course of the usage,real-time simulation has a lot of advantages in the process of development and experimentation.From the perspective of real-time simulation,this paper focuses on the main problems in modeling accuracy,system bandwidth and stability,limitations on communication interface and energy interface,and the cost of platform construction.Finally,we provide further research directions.
基金This work was supported by the Spanish National Research Agency Agencia Estatal de Investigacion(No.PID2019-108966RB-I00/AEI/10.13039/50110001-1033).
文摘As photovoltaic energy increasingly penetrates in power systems,transmission system operators have started to request its participation in providing ancillary services.One of the demanded services is the power ramp-rate control(PRRC),which attempts to limit the power ramps produced by intermittent irradiance conditions.In order to achieve the desired objective,solutions based on storage systems or modifying the maximum power point tracking(MPPT)in perturb and observe(P&O)algorithms are commonly adopted.The starting point in PRRC is the determination of the instantaneous power ramprate,and different methods have been proposed in the literature for its calculation.However,the accuracy and computational speed of existing procedures can be improved,which may be critical in situations with rapid irradiance fluctuations.In this paper,a decoupled photovoltaic power ramp-rate calculation method is presented,in which the effect of variable irradiance and the P&O algorithm are computed separately.The proposed method has been theoretically demonstrated and tested through simulation and experimental tests.Simulation results show that it can improve the previous methods in terms of accuracy and computation time.Experimental validation with hardware-inthe-loop demonstrates the suitability of the proposed method for real-time applications,even in presence of noisy measurements.
基金This paper was supported by G2elab,Grenoble INP,University Grenoble Alpes,France and School of Engineering,HES-sO,Valais,Switzerlandfunding provided by Haute Ecole Specialisee de Suisse occidentale(HES-SO)
文摘An extended state observer(ESO)-based loop filter is designed for the phase-locked loop(PLL)involved in a disturbed grid-connected converter(GeC).This ESO-based design enhances the performances and robustness of the PLL,and,therefore,improves control performances of the disturbed GeCs.Besides,the ESO-based LF can be applied to PLLs with extra filters for abnormal grid conditions.The unbalanced grid is particularly taken into account for the performance analysis.A tuning approach based on the well-designed PI controller is discussed,which results in a fair comparison with conventional PI-type PLLs.The frequency domain properies are quantitatively analysed with respeet to the control stability and the noises rejection.The frequency domain analysis and simulation results suggesti that the performances of the generated ESO-based controllers are comparable to those of the PI control at low frequency,while have better ability to atenuate high-frequency measurement noises.The phase margin decreases slightly,but remains acceptable.Finally,experimental tests are conducted with a hybrid power hardwarein-the-loop benchmark,in which balanced/unbalanced cases are both explored.The obtained results prove the effectiveness of ESO based PLLs when applied to the disturbed GeC.
