Sulfur dioxide has been found to decrease the chemiluminescence of luminol-iodine system.A new determination method for sulfur dioxide in atmosphere is developed by applying this reaction to a flow injection gas diffu...Sulfur dioxide has been found to decrease the chemiluminescence of luminol-iodine system.A new determination method for sulfur dioxide in atmosphere is developed by applying this reaction to a flow injection gas diffusion separation system.This permits the determination of sulfur dioxide selectively and rapidly.展开更多
This article presents an update on the variable prognostic significance of different sperm pathologies in patients with severe male factor infertility due to morphology and motility disorders. Severe asthenozoospermia...This article presents an update on the variable prognostic significance of different sperm pathologies in patients with severe male factor infertility due to morphology and motility disorders. Severe asthenozoospermia is one of the leading causes of male infertility as spermatozoa cannot reach the oocyte and/or penetrate normally. Identifying structural causes of sperm immotility was of great concern before the advent of intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI）, because immotility was the limiting factor in the treatment of these patients. In these cases, in vitro methods are used to identify live spermatozoa or stimulate sperm motility to avoid selection of non-viable cells. With these advances, fertilization and pregnancy results have improved dramatically. The identification of genetic phenotypes in asthenozoospermia is important to adequately inform patients of treatment outcomes and risks. The one sperm characteristic that seriously affects fertility prognosis is teratozoospermia, primarily sperm head and neck anomalies. Defects of chromatin condensation and acrosomal hypoplasia are the two most common abnormalities in severe teratozoospermia. The introduction of microscopic methods to select spermatozoa and the development of new ones to evaluate sperm quality before ICSI will assure that ultrastructural identification ofsperm pathologies will not only be of academic interest, but will also be an essential tool to inform treatment choice. Herein, we review the differential roles played by sperm components in normal fertilization and early embryo development and explore how assisted reproductive technologies have modified our concepts on the prognostic significance of sperm pathologies affecting the head, neck, mid-piece and tail.展开更多
AIM： To search for the optimal surgery for gastrinoma and duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. METHODS： Sixteen patients with genetically confirmed multiple e...AIM： To search for the optimal surgery for gastrinoma and duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. METHODS： Sixteen patients with genetically confirmed multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 （MEN 1） and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome （ZES） underwent resection of both gastrinomas and duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tumors （NETs） between 1991 and 2009. For localization of gastrinoma, selective arterial secretagogue injection test （SASI test） with secretin or calcium solution was performed as well as somatostatin receptor scintigraphy （SRS） and other imaging methods such as computed tomography （CT） or magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）. The modus of surgery for gastrinoma has been changed over time, searching for the optimal surgery： pancreaticoduodenectomy （PD） was first performed guided by localization with the SAST test, then local resection of duodenal gastrinomas with dissection of regional lymph nodes （LR）, and recently pancreas-preserving total duodenectomy （PPTD） has been performed for multiple duodenal gastrinomas. RESULTS： Among various types of preoperative localizing methods for gastrinoma, the SASI test was the most useful method. Imaging methods such as SRS or CT made it essentially impossible to differentiate functioning gastrinoma among various kinds of NETs. However, recent imaging methods including SRS or CT were useful for detecting both distant metastases and ectopic NETs; therefore they are indispensable for staging of NETs. Biochemical cure of gastrinoma was achieved in 14 of 16 patients （87.5%）; that is, 100% in 3 patients who underwent PD, 100% in 6 patients who underwent LR （although in 2 patients （33.3%） second LR was performed for recurrence of duodenal gastri- noma）, and 71.4% in 7 patients who underwent PPTD. Pancreatic NETs more than 1 cm in diameter were resected either by distal pancreatectomy or enucleations, and no hepatic metastases have developed postoperatively. Pathological study of the resected specimens revealed co-existence of pancreatic gastrinoma with duodenal gastrinoma in 2 of 16 patients （13%）, and G cell hyperplasia and/or microgastrinoma in the duodenal Brunner＇s gland was revealed in all of 7 duodenal specimens after PPTD. CONCLUSION： Aggressive resection surgery based on accurate localization with the SASI test was useful for biochemical cure of gastrinoma in patients with MEN 1.Imamura Metal. Curative resection of gastrinoma in MEN-1展开更多
In this study, we compared conventional sperm selection with high-magnification morphology based on the motile sperm organellar morphology examination （MSOME） criteria, and hyaluronic acid （HA） binding for sperm c...In this study, we compared conventional sperm selection with high-magnification morphology based on the motile sperm organellar morphology examination （MSOME） criteria, and hyaluronic acid （HA） binding for sperm chromosome aneuploidy and DNA fragmentation rates. Semen from 50 severe male factor cases was processed through density gradient centrifugation, and subjected to sperm selection by using the conventional method （control）, high magnification at x6650 or HA binding. Aneuploidy was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y, and DNA fragmentation by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling （TUNEL） method. Spermatozoa selected under high-magnification had a lower DNA fragmentation rate （2.6% vs. 1.7%; P=0.032）, with no significant difference in aneuploidy rate （0.8% vs0.7%; P=0.583）, than those selected by the HA binding method. Spermatozoa selected by both methods had much lower aneuploidy and DNA fragmentation rate than the controls （7% aneuploidy and 26.8% DNA fragmentation rates, respectively）. In the high-magnification group, the aneuploidy rate was lower when the best spermatozoa were selected than when only the second-best spermatozoa were available for selection, but the DNA fragmentation rate was not different. In conclusion, sperm selection under high magnification was more effective than under HA binding in selecting spermatozoa with low DNA fragmentation rate, but the small difference （0.9%） might not be clinically meaningful. Both methods were better than the conventional method of sperm selection.展开更多
文摘Sulfur dioxide has been found to decrease the chemiluminescence of luminol-iodine system.A new determination method for sulfur dioxide in atmosphere is developed by applying this reaction to a flow injection gas diffusion separation system.This permits the determination of sulfur dioxide selectively and rapidly.
文摘This article presents an update on the variable prognostic significance of different sperm pathologies in patients with severe male factor infertility due to morphology and motility disorders. Severe asthenozoospermia is one of the leading causes of male infertility as spermatozoa cannot reach the oocyte and/or penetrate normally. Identifying structural causes of sperm immotility was of great concern before the advent of intracytoplasmic sperm injection （ICSI）, because immotility was the limiting factor in the treatment of these patients. In these cases, in vitro methods are used to identify live spermatozoa or stimulate sperm motility to avoid selection of non-viable cells. With these advances, fertilization and pregnancy results have improved dramatically. The identification of genetic phenotypes in asthenozoospermia is important to adequately inform patients of treatment outcomes and risks. The one sperm characteristic that seriously affects fertility prognosis is teratozoospermia, primarily sperm head and neck anomalies. Defects of chromatin condensation and acrosomal hypoplasia are the two most common abnormalities in severe teratozoospermia. The introduction of microscopic methods to select spermatozoa and the development of new ones to evaluate sperm quality before ICSI will assure that ultrastructural identification ofsperm pathologies will not only be of academic interest, but will also be an essential tool to inform treatment choice. Herein, we review the differential roles played by sperm components in normal fertilization and early embryo development and explore how assisted reproductive technologies have modified our concepts on the prognostic significance of sperm pathologies affecting the head, neck, mid-piece and tail.
基金Supported by a Health and Labor Sciences Research Grant from the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare, Government of Japan (Grant No. H21-Nanchi-Ippan-037)
文摘AIM： To search for the optimal surgery for gastrinoma and duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tumors in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. METHODS： Sixteen patients with genetically confirmed multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 （MEN 1） and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome （ZES） underwent resection of both gastrinomas and duodenopancreatic neuroendocrine tumors （NETs） between 1991 and 2009. For localization of gastrinoma, selective arterial secretagogue injection test （SASI test） with secretin or calcium solution was performed as well as somatostatin receptor scintigraphy （SRS） and other imaging methods such as computed tomography （CT） or magnetic resonance imaging （MRI）. The modus of surgery for gastrinoma has been changed over time, searching for the optimal surgery： pancreaticoduodenectomy （PD） was first performed guided by localization with the SAST test, then local resection of duodenal gastrinomas with dissection of regional lymph nodes （LR）, and recently pancreas-preserving total duodenectomy （PPTD） has been performed for multiple duodenal gastrinomas. RESULTS： Among various types of preoperative localizing methods for gastrinoma, the SASI test was the most useful method. Imaging methods such as SRS or CT made it essentially impossible to differentiate functioning gastrinoma among various kinds of NETs. However, recent imaging methods including SRS or CT were useful for detecting both distant metastases and ectopic NETs; therefore they are indispensable for staging of NETs. Biochemical cure of gastrinoma was achieved in 14 of 16 patients （87.5%）; that is, 100% in 3 patients who underwent PD, 100% in 6 patients who underwent LR （although in 2 patients （33.3%） second LR was performed for recurrence of duodenal gastri- noma）, and 71.4% in 7 patients who underwent PPTD. Pancreatic NETs more than 1 cm in diameter were resected either by distal pancreatectomy or enucleations, and no hepatic metastases have developed postoperatively. Pathological study of the resected specimens revealed co-existence of pancreatic gastrinoma with duodenal gastrinoma in 2 of 16 patients （13%）, and G cell hyperplasia and/or microgastrinoma in the duodenal Brunner＇s gland was revealed in all of 7 duodenal specimens after PPTD. CONCLUSION： Aggressive resection surgery based on accurate localization with the SASI test was useful for biochemical cure of gastrinoma in patients with MEN 1.Imamura Metal. Curative resection of gastrinoma in MEN-1
文摘In this study, we compared conventional sperm selection with high-magnification morphology based on the motile sperm organellar morphology examination （MSOME） criteria, and hyaluronic acid （HA） binding for sperm chromosome aneuploidy and DNA fragmentation rates. Semen from 50 severe male factor cases was processed through density gradient centrifugation, and subjected to sperm selection by using the conventional method （control）, high magnification at x6650 or HA binding. Aneuploidy was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization with probes for chromosomes 13, 18, 21, X and Y, and DNA fragmentation by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labelling （TUNEL） method. Spermatozoa selected under high-magnification had a lower DNA fragmentation rate （2.6% vs. 1.7%; P=0.032）, with no significant difference in aneuploidy rate （0.8% vs0.7%; P=0.583）, than those selected by the HA binding method. Spermatozoa selected by both methods had much lower aneuploidy and DNA fragmentation rate than the controls （7% aneuploidy and 26.8% DNA fragmentation rates, respectively）. In the high-magnification group, the aneuploidy rate was lower when the best spermatozoa were selected than when only the second-best spermatozoa were available for selection, but the DNA fragmentation rate was not different. In conclusion, sperm selection under high magnification was more effective than under HA binding in selecting spermatozoa with low DNA fragmentation rate, but the small difference （0.9%） might not be clinically meaningful. Both methods were better than the conventional method of sperm selection.
