In the era of economic globalization,the concept of Economic Polarized Area comes into being as an effective vehicle to agglomerate the economic elements and sustain the economic lifeline of the region. Based on the r...In the era of economic globalization,the concept of Economic Polarized Area comes into being as an effective vehicle to agglomerate the economic elements and sustain the economic lifeline of the region. Based on the region's specific development mode and construction form the concept is working in such a way that it will contribute to guide the economic development of the country and will play an important role in competing with other regions or countries in the world. Due to the high speed development of the last 30 years,the Yangtze Delta Region starts to show the features of Economic Polarized Area. But,compared with other world-class Economic Polarized Areas,the economic strength and the ability of the Yangtze Delta Region to drive the country's economic development is still very low and the competitive power is still very limited. Expanding the boundaries of the Economic Polarized Area of the Yangtze Delta may extend the economic hinterland of the core area of the Yangtze Delta Region,will lighten the pressures from the limited resource and promote the rationalization of the industrial structure in the Yangtze Delta Region's core area. With regard to the reasonable boundaries of the Yangtze Delta Region,there are different opinions and controversial arguments in political and academic circles. Starting from the idea of increasing the competitive power and improving the economic strength of the Yangtze Delta Region,the paper firstly is discussing the requirements to become a world-class Economic Polarized Area. In a second step an analysis of functional complementation and economic collaboration between the cities of an "extended" Yangtze Delta Region has been carried out by in particular considering the feasibility of integrating these "newly included" cities. The final result of the study is,that the Region should be expanded from the number of 16 cities to 37 cities,and the appended cities should be divided up into two categories:Wenzhou,Jinhua,Yancheng,Huaian,Maanshan,Wuhu,Tongling,Chaohu,Hefei,Chuzhou,Xuancheng should be taken as Preferred Extending Area,and Suqian,Xuzhou,Lianyungang,Lishui,Quzhou,Chizhou,Anqing,Bengbu,Huangshan,Suzhou (Anhui Province) should be taken as Retained Qualification Area.展开更多
The main targets set for economic growth in the World Bank＇s 1990 report is to provide a permanent and sustainable poverty eradication strategies on the development. Used for this purpose today, the most effective st...The main targets set for economic growth in the World Bank＇s 1990 report is to provide a permanent and sustainable poverty eradication strategies on the development. Used for this purpose today, the most effective strategy comes at the beginning of micro-credit system. Microcredit, in particular in the area of the individuals, and its opportunities to increase the credit to the users of the production process and ensure active participation in the society starting from the women＇s economic initiatives, but it cannot be considered as a micro-economic factors in the economy to facilitate an effective financial mechanism. Many studies in the literature have revealed that women＇s contribution to family income of households in poverty has created an important support. In addition, micro-credit system encourages women to create their own jobs, as the GNP （Gross National Product） of the countries contribution to increase employment opportunities. There are opinions arguing that, making use of the contact with communities in the potential female workforce satisfactory for women to create job opportunities to gain income is able to provide initial capital to the existing banking system, because in many countries＇ negative socio-cultural conditions, competing with men is much difficult. Micro-credit system, in the respect of changing countries socio-cultural and socio-economic structures is an important contribution. Microfinance occurred in recent years by rapid developments in Turkey since 2000, progress has been very professional. Our work in the field of micro-finance started operations in 2002, the Evaluation of Women＇s Work Association of Business Economics and the Grameen Bank realized Maya model adapted for Waste Prevention Foundation of Turkey should apply micro-finance. Micro-finance practices in the world and Turkey also compared practices. Turkey＇s application of micro-finance in banks＇ credit policies that support marketing activities related to marketing and sales strategies was examined by size. Also, emerging areas in Turkey, especially in the south-east region, the application of micro-finance loans contributed to the development of this geographical area were assessed. Studies of marketing and financial aspects of micro-finance were examined, the economic dimension of these practices by the country＇s social, cultural, political development has also been found to contribute significantly.展开更多
In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the diffusion of bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the European Union （EU） during the global financial and economic crisis. Realistic poi...In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the diffusion of bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the European Union （EU） during the global financial and economic crisis. Realistic point is important trends in the trade regime during the economic crisis. The decisions taken by the representatives of the governments participating in the World Trade Organisation （WTO） are, to a significant degree, influenced by various lobbies, such as organisations and unions of food producers or other non-governmental organisations, including trade unions, The main objective of the research task is to give a comprehensive analysis of the international trade policy during the world financial and economic crisis 2008-2010. The particular mains concern the political economy models of foreign trade policy, protectionistic pressures in different political system, the level of protectionistic pressures, food producer pressures, international trade liberalization, and environmental protection bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the EU and the respond of the EU to the economic crisis, it must be emphasized that on a theoretical level, understanding the choice of trade policies between liberalizm and protectionisme is very important. Despite the undeniable benefits of the multilateral WTO forum for trade liberalisation, the rapid increase of North-South bilateral and multilateral Free Trade Areas （FTAs） begs a systematic explanation for why some forums are prioritized relative to others.展开更多
The study finds that, for Romania, the period 1920-1939 is one without major contradictions. In ＂neutrosophy＂ of renowed American professor F. Smarandache＇s terms, the interwar period was, in Romania, a ＂neutral＂...The study finds that, for Romania, the period 1920-1939 is one without major contradictions. In ＂neutrosophy＂ of renowed American professor F. Smarandache＇s terms, the interwar period was, in Romania, a ＂neutral＂ period. As mediating operators, professional journals reflected the atmosphere of relative tranquility and social peace. From the qualitative analysis of their media discourse, we can see three elements that： （1） the professional journals of Oltenia, as media tools for teachers, priests and folklore （folklorist）, or music enthusiasts （music lovers）, were loyal to their financial supporters; （2） although they served oblique and opposition interests, the communication professional operators have generally not emphasized, perpetuated or generated conflicts, disputes and misunderstandings; and （3） social attitudes promoted by professional magazines in Oltenia was a beneficial, objective one of better understanding and neutrality. The conclusion is that, despite the axiom that progress is generated by contradiction, it shows that professional journals in Oltenia, during 1920-1939, even in the absence of contradictions, namely under neutrality, there have been major advances.展开更多
According to the Top 1,000 world banks released by the British authoritative magazine The Banker, the profits made by Chinese banking industry in 2011 had accounted for one-third of the global banking profits, and nea...According to the Top 1,000 world banks released by the British authoritative magazine The Banker, the profits made by Chinese banking industry in 2011 had accounted for one-third of the global banking profits, and nearly 100 banks had been included in the Top 1,000 world banks list. This proves that China＇s commercial banks have been standing in the forefront of the world. While achieving such impressive results, China＇s risks and uncertainties due to the constraints of the internal and external environment cannot be ignored. Those risks are mainly about the risks of the over-estimation of the expected return for financial products, the high credit concentration, as well as the seldom use of financially derivative products. Therefore, it is difficult to avoid risks by the portfolio management, which restricts the further improvement of the competitiveness of commercial banks.展开更多
Almost a decade has elapsed since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, during which the West was trapped in a dilemma unprecedented since the end of the Second World War. The problems facing the West, p...Almost a decade has elapsed since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, during which the West was trapped in a dilemma unprecedented since the end of the Second World War. The problems facing the West, particularly those of Europe and the US, are fundamental and institutional, including reduced economic superiority, political systems and development models seriously questioned, and increasing terrorist attacks bringing up security chaUenges, to mention just a few. Western obsession with multiple crises is another new factor of change with structural impacts on both the international structure and order over the past nearly thirty years following the disintegration of the Soviet Union and collective rise of emerging economies. The aftermath： the power and influence of the West is declining, with the grand trend of rising East and declining West persisting in the international structure; both Europe and the US have made major adjustments on their foreign strategies, while their value diplomacy offensive has been frustrated, and while trade protectionism is on the rise; and the major power relationship has seen a new round of adjustment. A comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the drastic changes in the West may help China stick to its own development path and promote global governance with more self-confidence so as to make more contributions to world peace, stability and development.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China, No.40671077 No.40571058
文摘In the era of economic globalization,the concept of Economic Polarized Area comes into being as an effective vehicle to agglomerate the economic elements and sustain the economic lifeline of the region. Based on the region's specific development mode and construction form the concept is working in such a way that it will contribute to guide the economic development of the country and will play an important role in competing with other regions or countries in the world. Due to the high speed development of the last 30 years,the Yangtze Delta Region starts to show the features of Economic Polarized Area. But,compared with other world-class Economic Polarized Areas,the economic strength and the ability of the Yangtze Delta Region to drive the country's economic development is still very low and the competitive power is still very limited. Expanding the boundaries of the Economic Polarized Area of the Yangtze Delta may extend the economic hinterland of the core area of the Yangtze Delta Region,will lighten the pressures from the limited resource and promote the rationalization of the industrial structure in the Yangtze Delta Region's core area. With regard to the reasonable boundaries of the Yangtze Delta Region,there are different opinions and controversial arguments in political and academic circles. Starting from the idea of increasing the competitive power and improving the economic strength of the Yangtze Delta Region,the paper firstly is discussing the requirements to become a world-class Economic Polarized Area. In a second step an analysis of functional complementation and economic collaboration between the cities of an "extended" Yangtze Delta Region has been carried out by in particular considering the feasibility of integrating these "newly included" cities. The final result of the study is,that the Region should be expanded from the number of 16 cities to 37 cities,and the appended cities should be divided up into two categories:Wenzhou,Jinhua,Yancheng,Huaian,Maanshan,Wuhu,Tongling,Chaohu,Hefei,Chuzhou,Xuancheng should be taken as Preferred Extending Area,and Suqian,Xuzhou,Lianyungang,Lishui,Quzhou,Chizhou,Anqing,Bengbu,Huangshan,Suzhou (Anhui Province) should be taken as Retained Qualification Area.
文摘The main targets set for economic growth in the World Bank＇s 1990 report is to provide a permanent and sustainable poverty eradication strategies on the development. Used for this purpose today, the most effective strategy comes at the beginning of micro-credit system. Microcredit, in particular in the area of the individuals, and its opportunities to increase the credit to the users of the production process and ensure active participation in the society starting from the women＇s economic initiatives, but it cannot be considered as a micro-economic factors in the economy to facilitate an effective financial mechanism. Many studies in the literature have revealed that women＇s contribution to family income of households in poverty has created an important support. In addition, micro-credit system encourages women to create their own jobs, as the GNP （Gross National Product） of the countries contribution to increase employment opportunities. There are opinions arguing that, making use of the contact with communities in the potential female workforce satisfactory for women to create job opportunities to gain income is able to provide initial capital to the existing banking system, because in many countries＇ negative socio-cultural conditions, competing with men is much difficult. Micro-credit system, in the respect of changing countries socio-cultural and socio-economic structures is an important contribution. Microfinance occurred in recent years by rapid developments in Turkey since 2000, progress has been very professional. Our work in the field of micro-finance started operations in 2002, the Evaluation of Women＇s Work Association of Business Economics and the Grameen Bank realized Maya model adapted for Waste Prevention Foundation of Turkey should apply micro-finance. Micro-finance practices in the world and Turkey also compared practices. Turkey＇s application of micro-finance in banks＇ credit policies that support marketing activities related to marketing and sales strategies was examined by size. Also, emerging areas in Turkey, especially in the south-east region, the application of micro-finance loans contributed to the development of this geographical area were assessed. Studies of marketing and financial aspects of micro-finance were examined, the economic dimension of these practices by the country＇s social, cultural, political development has also been found to contribute significantly.
文摘In this research work, the author focuses on the analysis of the diffusion of bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the European Union （EU） during the global financial and economic crisis. Realistic point is important trends in the trade regime during the economic crisis. The decisions taken by the representatives of the governments participating in the World Trade Organisation （WTO） are, to a significant degree, influenced by various lobbies, such as organisations and unions of food producers or other non-governmental organisations, including trade unions, The main objective of the research task is to give a comprehensive analysis of the international trade policy during the world financial and economic crisis 2008-2010. The particular mains concern the political economy models of foreign trade policy, protectionistic pressures in different political system, the level of protectionistic pressures, food producer pressures, international trade liberalization, and environmental protection bilateral tendencies in the common trade policy of the EU and the respond of the EU to the economic crisis, it must be emphasized that on a theoretical level, understanding the choice of trade policies between liberalizm and protectionisme is very important. Despite the undeniable benefits of the multilateral WTO forum for trade liberalisation, the rapid increase of North-South bilateral and multilateral Free Trade Areas （FTAs） begs a systematic explanation for why some forums are prioritized relative to others.
文摘The study finds that, for Romania, the period 1920-1939 is one without major contradictions. In ＂neutrosophy＂ of renowed American professor F. Smarandache＇s terms, the interwar period was, in Romania, a ＂neutral＂ period. As mediating operators, professional journals reflected the atmosphere of relative tranquility and social peace. From the qualitative analysis of their media discourse, we can see three elements that： （1） the professional journals of Oltenia, as media tools for teachers, priests and folklore （folklorist）, or music enthusiasts （music lovers）, were loyal to their financial supporters; （2） although they served oblique and opposition interests, the communication professional operators have generally not emphasized, perpetuated or generated conflicts, disputes and misunderstandings; and （3） social attitudes promoted by professional magazines in Oltenia was a beneficial, objective one of better understanding and neutrality. The conclusion is that, despite the axiom that progress is generated by contradiction, it shows that professional journals in Oltenia, during 1920-1939, even in the absence of contradictions, namely under neutrality, there have been major advances.
文摘According to the Top 1,000 world banks released by the British authoritative magazine The Banker, the profits made by Chinese banking industry in 2011 had accounted for one-third of the global banking profits, and nearly 100 banks had been included in the Top 1,000 world banks list. This proves that China＇s commercial banks have been standing in the forefront of the world. While achieving such impressive results, China＇s risks and uncertainties due to the constraints of the internal and external environment cannot be ignored. Those risks are mainly about the risks of the over-estimation of the expected return for financial products, the high credit concentration, as well as the seldom use of financially derivative products. Therefore, it is difficult to avoid risks by the portfolio management, which restricts the further improvement of the competitiveness of commercial banks.
文摘Almost a decade has elapsed since the outbreak of the international financial crisis, during which the West was trapped in a dilemma unprecedented since the end of the Second World War. The problems facing the West, particularly those of Europe and the US, are fundamental and institutional, including reduced economic superiority, political systems and development models seriously questioned, and increasing terrorist attacks bringing up security chaUenges, to mention just a few. Western obsession with multiple crises is another new factor of change with structural impacts on both the international structure and order over the past nearly thirty years following the disintegration of the Soviet Union and collective rise of emerging economies. The aftermath： the power and influence of the West is declining, with the grand trend of rising East and declining West persisting in the international structure; both Europe and the US have made major adjustments on their foreign strategies, while their value diplomacy offensive has been frustrated, and while trade protectionism is on the rise; and the major power relationship has seen a new round of adjustment. A comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the drastic changes in the West may help China stick to its own development path and promote global governance with more self-confidence so as to make more contributions to world peace, stability and development.
