Caveolin-2,a protein about 20 kD,is a major component of the inner surface of caveolae,small invaginations of the plasma membrane.Similar with caveolin-1 and caveolin-3,it serves as a protein marker of caveolae.Caveol...Caveolin-2,a protein about 20 kD,is a major component of the inner surface of caveolae,small invaginations of the plasma membrane.Similar with caveolin-1 and caveolin-3,it serves as a protein marker of caveolae.Caveolin-1 and-2 are located next to each other at 7q31.1 on human chromosome,the proteins encoded are co-localized and form a stable hetero-oligomeric complex,distributing similarly in tissue and cultured cells.Caveolin-3 is located on different chromosomes but confirmed to interact with caveolin-2.Caveolin-2 is similar to caveolin-1 in many respects but differs from the latter in functional domains,especially in G-protein binding domain and caveolin scaffolding domain.The mRNAs of both caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 are most abundantly expressed in white adipose tissue and are induced during differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells to adipocytes.Caveolin-2-deficinet mice demonstrate clear pulmonary defects,with little or no change in caveolin-1 expression and caveolae formation,suggesting that caveolin-2 plays a selective role in lung functions.Caveolin-2 is also involved in lipid metabolism and human cancers.展开更多
This paper is a qualitative study of the cultivation of critical thinking skill in college English classrooms in China. Critical thinking has long been recognized as an important part of the curricular framework in ed...This paper is a qualitative study of the cultivation of critical thinking skill in college English classrooms in China. Critical thinking has long been recognized as an important part of the curricular framework in education western countries. However, the instruction of critical thinking has not gained prominence in Chinese universities. The author does research on how to foster students＇ critical thinking skills in the college English classrooms, and proposes some methods and techniques to facilitate the skills： change teachers＇ concept of language teaching, create a flexible atmosphere in the classrooms, teach students how to raise questions, and teach them to express logically.展开更多
The objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of different levels of urea treatments on chemical composition, nutritional value and rumen degradability of sorghum stover. Two groups of animals were used ...The objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of different levels of urea treatments on chemical composition, nutritional value and rumen degradability of sorghum stover. Two groups of animals were used in this experiment. The first group, which served as control, was offered untreated sorghum stover. The other, the experiment group recived sorghum stover to which was added 2%, or 4% urea. Crude protein （CP） content of the treated sorghum was enhanced （P 〈 0.05） over the untreated one, and ranked as 7.30% and 6.05% CP for 4% and 2% respectively. Nutrient detergent fiber （NDF） content was decreased （P 〈 0.05） from 92.5% （control） to 89.8% and 87.8% for 2% and 4% urea respectively.Ether extract （EE） content was decreased （P 〈 0.05） from 1.77% （control） to 1.63% and 0.82% for 2% and 4% respectively. The rumen degradability was increased （P 〈 0.05） from 59.2% （control） to 64.2%, and 67.2% for 2%, and 4% sorghum and in hours 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96.展开更多
Biochemical composition and nutritional value of muscle tissue of wild-caught yellowback seabream （Evynnis tumifrons） from the East China Sea were determined. The yellowback seabream muscle contained 18.30% crude pr...Biochemical composition and nutritional value of muscle tissue of wild-caught yellowback seabream （Evynnis tumifrons） from the East China Sea were determined. The yellowback seabream muscle contained 18.30% crude protein and 0.47% crude lipid. The contents of biochemical, moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash were analyzed using AOAC standard methods. The compositions and contents of amino-acid and fatty-acid were determined by Amino Acid 20 Analyzer and Agilent 6890 Gas Chromatograph. The total essential amino acids （EAA; those required by humans） accounts for 46.96% of the total amino acids in E. tumifrons, higher than FAO/WHO standard but lower than whole-egg protein standard. In E. tumifrons, the first limiting amino acids were threonine （Thr）, based on amino acid score （AAS）, and methionine （Met） and cysteine （Cys）, based on chemical score （CS）. A total of 19 fatty acids were identified; together, eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA） and docosahexaenoic acid （DHA） contributed 22.65% of the total fatty-acid content, with 17.25% from DHA. The nutritional-requirement characteristics of this fish, which tumifrons mariculture. composition data provided useful information on the food quality and may facilitate the development of appropriate feed formulation in E.展开更多
Aims Nutrient resorption is a crucial component of plant nutrient use strategy,yet the controls on the responses of community-level nutrient resorption to altered nutrient availability remain unclear.Here,we addressed...Aims Nutrient resorption is a crucial component of plant nutrient use strategy,yet the controls on the responses of community-level nutrient resorption to altered nutrient availability remain unclear.Here,we addressed two questions:(1)Did leaf and stem nutrient resorption respond consistently to increased nutrient availability?(2)Was community-level plant nutrient resorption response after nutrient enrichment driven by the intraspecific plasticity in plant nutrient resorption or by altered species composition?Methods We investigated the changes in aboveground biomass,and leaf and stem nutrient resorption of individual species after 3-year nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)additions,and assessed community-level nutrient resorption response to 3-year nutrient additions in a graminoid-dominated temperate wetland,Northeast China.Important Findings For both leaves and stems,N and P additions did not affect nutrient resorption efficiency,but they decreased respective nutrient resorption proficiency.Similarly,community-level N and P resorption proficiency declined with respective nutrient addition.Community-level N and P resorption efficiency was reduced by N addition primarily due to altered community composition and declined leaf:stem ratio.These results suggest that leaf and stem nutrient resorption processes exhibit consistent responses to increasing nutrient availability in the temperate wetland.These findings highlight the importance of altered species composition and biomass allocation between leaf and stem in driving community-level nutrient resorption response to nutrient enrichment.展开更多
基金Supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2004CB518602,2006CB503909)National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (2009AA02Z192)
文摘Caveolin-2,a protein about 20 kD,is a major component of the inner surface of caveolae,small invaginations of the plasma membrane.Similar with caveolin-1 and caveolin-3,it serves as a protein marker of caveolae.Caveolin-1 and-2 are located next to each other at 7q31.1 on human chromosome,the proteins encoded are co-localized and form a stable hetero-oligomeric complex,distributing similarly in tissue and cultured cells.Caveolin-3 is located on different chromosomes but confirmed to interact with caveolin-2.Caveolin-2 is similar to caveolin-1 in many respects but differs from the latter in functional domains,especially in G-protein binding domain and caveolin scaffolding domain.The mRNAs of both caveolin-1 and caveolin-2 are most abundantly expressed in white adipose tissue and are induced during differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells to adipocytes.Caveolin-2-deficinet mice demonstrate clear pulmonary defects,with little or no change in caveolin-1 expression and caveolae formation,suggesting that caveolin-2 plays a selective role in lung functions.Caveolin-2 is also involved in lipid metabolism and human cancers.
文摘This paper is a qualitative study of the cultivation of critical thinking skill in college English classrooms in China. Critical thinking has long been recognized as an important part of the curricular framework in education western countries. However, the instruction of critical thinking has not gained prominence in Chinese universities. The author does research on how to foster students＇ critical thinking skills in the college English classrooms, and proposes some methods and techniques to facilitate the skills： change teachers＇ concept of language teaching, create a flexible atmosphere in the classrooms, teach students how to raise questions, and teach them to express logically.
文摘The objectives of the study were to investigate the effects of different levels of urea treatments on chemical composition, nutritional value and rumen degradability of sorghum stover. Two groups of animals were used in this experiment. The first group, which served as control, was offered untreated sorghum stover. The other, the experiment group recived sorghum stover to which was added 2%, or 4% urea. Crude protein （CP） content of the treated sorghum was enhanced （P 〈 0.05） over the untreated one, and ranked as 7.30% and 6.05% CP for 4% and 2% respectively. Nutrient detergent fiber （NDF） content was decreased （P 〈 0.05） from 92.5% （control） to 89.8% and 87.8% for 2% and 4% urea respectively.Ether extract （EE） content was decreased （P 〈 0.05） from 1.77% （control） to 1.63% and 0.82% for 2% and 4% respectively. The rumen degradability was increased （P 〈 0.05） from 59.2% （control） to 64.2%, and 67.2% for 2%, and 4% sorghum and in hours 0, 4, 8, 16, 24, 48, 72 and 96.
文摘Biochemical composition and nutritional value of muscle tissue of wild-caught yellowback seabream （Evynnis tumifrons） from the East China Sea were determined. The yellowback seabream muscle contained 18.30% crude protein and 0.47% crude lipid. The contents of biochemical, moisture, crude protein, crude lipid, and ash were analyzed using AOAC standard methods. The compositions and contents of amino-acid and fatty-acid were determined by Amino Acid 20 Analyzer and Agilent 6890 Gas Chromatograph. The total essential amino acids （EAA; those required by humans） accounts for 46.96% of the total amino acids in E. tumifrons, higher than FAO/WHO standard but lower than whole-egg protein standard. In E. tumifrons, the first limiting amino acids were threonine （Thr）, based on amino acid score （AAS）, and methionine （Met） and cysteine （Cys）, based on chemical score （CS）. A total of 19 fatty acids were identified; together, eicosapentaenoic acid （EPA） and docosahexaenoic acid （DHA） contributed 22.65% of the total fatty-acid content, with 17.25% from DHA. The nutritional-requirement characteristics of this fish, which tumifrons mariculture. composition data provided useful information on the food quality and may facilitate the development of appropriate feed formulation in E.
文摘Aims Nutrient resorption is a crucial component of plant nutrient use strategy,yet the controls on the responses of community-level nutrient resorption to altered nutrient availability remain unclear.Here,we addressed two questions:(1)Did leaf and stem nutrient resorption respond consistently to increased nutrient availability?(2)Was community-level plant nutrient resorption response after nutrient enrichment driven by the intraspecific plasticity in plant nutrient resorption or by altered species composition?Methods We investigated the changes in aboveground biomass,and leaf and stem nutrient resorption of individual species after 3-year nitrogen(N)and phosphorus(P)additions,and assessed community-level nutrient resorption response to 3-year nutrient additions in a graminoid-dominated temperate wetland,Northeast China.Important Findings For both leaves and stems,N and P additions did not affect nutrient resorption efficiency,but they decreased respective nutrient resorption proficiency.Similarly,community-level N and P resorption proficiency declined with respective nutrient addition.Community-level N and P resorption efficiency was reduced by N addition primarily due to altered community composition and declined leaf:stem ratio.These results suggest that leaf and stem nutrient resorption processes exhibit consistent responses to increasing nutrient availability in the temperate wetland.These findings highlight the importance of altered species composition and biomass allocation between leaf and stem in driving community-level nutrient resorption response to nutrient enrichment.
