Industrialized building systems came into the agenda in response to requirements of earthquake resistance and rapid construction in Turkey after 1999 Izmit earthquake. CFS （cold-formed steel） framing system is able ...Industrialized building systems came into the agenda in response to requirements of earthquake resistance and rapid construction in Turkey after 1999 Izmit earthquake. CFS （cold-formed steel） framing system is able to meet the existing requirements in the field of low rise residential. But, objective comparison is required for the selection of structural systems used in low rise residentials. CFS system is compared with timber frame and reinforced concrete building systems in terms of design and applicability criterion in circumstances of Turkey, and the results of this comparison are presented in this study. In order to compare building systems objectively, a sample project, has been designed and studied on it. Three structural systems have been separately applied over this project designed in consideration of existing housing stock and preferences of the construction industry of Turkey Evaluation method with different values is selected in comparison and properties of three different structural systems are graded according to evaluation method. As a result of comparison, the CFS system is the most advantageous low rise residential prefabricated construction system in terms of design and applicability展开更多
Based on analysis on X-ray diffraction, the metamorphic grade of coal in southeast Qinshui Basin was discussed, and a precise evaluation of coal rank through XRD analysis was made, in addition, the correlation of coal...Based on analysis on X-ray diffraction, the metamorphic grade of coal in southeast Qinshui Basin was discussed, and a precise evaluation of coal rank through XRD analysis was made, in addition, the correlation of coal rank and vitrinite reflectance （Ro） was compared. XRD spectra of coal shows （002）-band and γ-band, and based on fitting calculation and multi-peak separation methods, the values of 2θ002 and 2θγ can be obtained, as well as corresponding intensities I002 and Iγ, consequently the coal rank can be quantized as the ratio of I002 and Iγ, that is coal rank=I002/Iγ. The research shows that the values of θ002 and θγ increase with the metamorphic grade, and a very good linear positive correlation exists between calculated Coal Rank and Ro.展开更多
目的对国内上市的水痘减毒活疫苗（Varicella Attenuated Live Vaccine,Var V）的保护效果和证据质量进行评价和分析。方法电子检索科克伦对照试验中心注册库（The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials）、医疗文献分析及...目的对国内上市的水痘减毒活疫苗（Varicella Attenuated Live Vaccine,Var V）的保护效果和证据质量进行评价和分析。方法电子检索科克伦对照试验中心注册库（The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials）、医疗文献分析及在线检索系统（Medline）、中国全文期刊数据库（1915年~）、万方数据库（1988年~）,将国产Var V针对1~13岁儿童保护效果的随机对照试验纳入分析,由两名评价员共同提取资料,用Meta分析软件（Review Manager,Rev Man）5.2版本进行研究质量和统计分析,利用证据推荐分级的评估、制订与评价（The Grading of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation;GRADE）方法对整合证据的质量进行评级。结果共纳入6篇原始研究,无异质性,其干预措施为A公司和B研究所生产的冻干（Freeze-dried）Var V,对照措施为麻疹-流行性腮腺炎减毒活疫苗,干预对象多为3~6岁儿童,研究地点分别为山东、湖南和湖北省。Meta分析发现接种这种Vra V可明显降低水痘发病的概率[相对危险度（Relative Risk,RR）=0.11,95%可信区间（Confidence Interval,CI）=0.07~0.16],此结果与国内其他类型研究及国际研究结果一致。6篇研究报告存在明显缺陷,根据GRADE评价方法,整合的证据质量级别为＂极低＂。结论本研究结果基于现有发表文献得到的,国内上市Var V的保护效果可能与此估计值存在差异,提示国内Var V及其他此领域评价研究应提高研究质量,并提高文章报告的质量和完整性。展开更多
文摘Industrialized building systems came into the agenda in response to requirements of earthquake resistance and rapid construction in Turkey after 1999 Izmit earthquake. CFS （cold-formed steel） framing system is able to meet the existing requirements in the field of low rise residential. But, objective comparison is required for the selection of structural systems used in low rise residentials. CFS system is compared with timber frame and reinforced concrete building systems in terms of design and applicability criterion in circumstances of Turkey, and the results of this comparison are presented in this study. In order to compare building systems objectively, a sample project, has been designed and studied on it. Three structural systems have been separately applied over this project designed in consideration of existing housing stock and preferences of the construction industry of Turkey Evaluation method with different values is selected in comparison and properties of three different structural systems are graded according to evaluation method. As a result of comparison, the CFS system is the most advantageous low rise residential prefabricated construction system in terms of design and applicability
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （40972106） the Major Projects of the National Science and Technology of China （2011ZX05042-001-002） the Central Universities Fundamental Research Special Foundation of China （292011266）
文摘Based on analysis on X-ray diffraction, the metamorphic grade of coal in southeast Qinshui Basin was discussed, and a precise evaluation of coal rank through XRD analysis was made, in addition, the correlation of coal rank and vitrinite reflectance （Ro） was compared. XRD spectra of coal shows （002）-band and γ-band, and based on fitting calculation and multi-peak separation methods, the values of 2θ002 and 2θγ can be obtained, as well as corresponding intensities I002 and Iγ, consequently the coal rank can be quantized as the ratio of I002 and Iγ, that is coal rank=I002/Iγ. The research shows that the values of θ002 and θγ increase with the metamorphic grade, and a very good linear positive correlation exists between calculated Coal Rank and Ro.
