Objective： The aim of the study was to explore the role of Wnt βcatenin signalling pathway in the maintenance, invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer stem cells. Methods： Double immunohistochemical staining w...Objective： The aim of the study was to explore the role of Wnt βcatenin signalling pathway in the maintenance, invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer stem cells. Methods： Double immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of EpCAMhigh/CD44~ which is regarded as the marker of colorectal cancer stem cells in 80 cases of colorectal cancer and their corresponding liver metastases. The SP method of immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of the key protein βcatenin in the Wnt pathway in these tissue. The expression and correlation of ^-catenin and EpCAMh^gh/ CD44＋ in colorectal cancer were analyzed and their role on the biological behavior of colorectal cancer was explored. Results： The abnormal expression of βcatenin was significantly higher in colorectal cancer than in the paraneoplastic normal intes- tinal mucosa [55% （44/80） vs 10% （2/20）, P 〈 0.05]. The positive expression of EpCAMhigh/CD44＋ was significantly higher in colorectal cancer than in the paraneoplastic normal intestinal mucosa [66.25% （53/80） vs 0% （0/20）, P 〈 0.05]. In the 80 cases of colorectal cancer, the abnormal expression of ^-catenin has no correlation with gender （P = 0.079）, age （P = 0.416） and the magnitude （P = 0.816） of the tumor （P 〉 0.05）, but it was significantly correlated with degree of differentiation （P = 0.001）, depth of invasion （P = 0.001）, clinical stage （P = 0.000） and metastasis （P = 0.000）. In the colorectal cancer, the expression of EpCAMhi^h/CD44~ cells has no correlation with gender （P = 0.934） and the magnitude （P = 0.160） of the tumor （P 〉 0.05）, but was significantly correlated with age （P = 0.021）, degree of differentiation （P = 0.013）, depth of invasion （P = 0.000）, clinical stage （P = 0.000） and metastasis （P = 0.000）. In the corresponding liver metastases, we could also detecte EpCAMhih/CD44＋ cells. In cases with abnormal expression of βcatenin, the positive expression rate of EpCAMhigh/CD44＋ was significantly higher than those with normal expression of β-catenin （84.1% vs 44.4%）, and the difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： The abnormal activation of Wnt β-catenin signalling pathway may prompt the abnormal proliferation of the colorectal cancer stem cells, which leads to the recurrence and metastasis of the cancer.展开更多
The purpose of research study was to develop a theoretical relativistic framework for research in open and flexible learning environment because it is a new dimension in the field of education. Developing a theoretica...The purpose of research study was to develop a theoretical relativistic framework for research in open and flexible learning environment because it is a new dimension in the field of education. Developing a theoretical relativistic framework for any research study is first and prime step in walking on the track to reach the distinction set by the researcher. Open and flexible learning is a new trend in education, enriched with ICT-use as a basic demand of the 21st century generation in all parts of the globe. So, it requires a theoretical framework for its initiation, implementation, development and evaluation which is relatively developed and advanced from the existing framework. In any research study the literature review is carried out in order to develop, build or construct a theoretical framework. The researcher of the study has observed while attending the international conference on ODL （AAOU, 2013） that most of the studies require theoretical underpinning for ICT-use in education. The researcher assume that being a new trend in education to use ICT for teaching learning purpose; it requires conceptual clarity and theoretical background of the user and researcher, because, without theory the practice is wastage of money, time and energy and it becomes ineffective and requires relatively new conceptual development. So, the problem stated by the researcher for the study was： Developing theoretical relativistic framework for research in open and flexible learning： A new trend in educational research. The objective of the study was integrating the interrelated concepts to build a pnemonological network for identifying the constructs in ICT-rich open and flexible learning environment. The study was significant because it provided theoretical background for conducting research in ICT-use for teaching and learning through open and flexible systems; whether blended or online learning and training. The methodology used by the researcher was qualitative and interpretive because there were reviewing of literature and meta-analysis for building the framework. The data were analyzed and interpreted by the researcher for the findings and drawing conclusions. On the basis of conclusions the researcher has made suggestions and recommendations for conducting research in open and flexible learning environment by using this theoretical relativistic framework. The framework was named as Virtual Learning Environment Framework （VLEF）.展开更多
Theater play that shows how textiles, make up, hair dyes and music players has changed along the last six decades, especially due to polymers. It is a play that has a historic, chemical and musical side that introduce...Theater play that shows how textiles, make up, hair dyes and music players has changed along the last six decades, especially due to polymers. It is a play that has a historic, chemical and musical side that introduces the use of ICT （information and communications technology）, such as Faeebook, Moodle platform, Web sites, E-mail, Word, Publisher, PowerPoint, Videos and Digital music. Results in the conduct of the students that participated： assertiveness, self-esteem, tolerance, cooperation, responsibility and teamwork, all of them significantly contributed a meaningful learning about the polymers.展开更多
Sphingosine-1-phosphate（S1P） is a bioactive lipid messenger in the cells that regulate gene expression and NF-κB signal pathway through unknown mechanisms.Recently,Cheng Luo,associate professor of DDDC in Shanghai ...Sphingosine-1-phosphate（S1P） is a bioactive lipid messenger in the cells that regulate gene expression and NF-κB signal pathway through unknown mechanisms.Recently,Cheng Luo,associate professor of DDDC in Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,whose project was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,joined in a research team led by Professor Sarah Spiegel of Virginia Commonwealth University.The team continuously made significant breakthroughs in understanding the regulation mechanism of Sphingosine-1- Phosphate.In September 2009,in a paper published on SCIENCE magazine（Science 2009, 325：1254-7）,they firstly demonstrated that S1P is a physiologically important regulator of histone deacetylases（HDACs）,HDACs are direct intracellular targets of S1P.Furthermore,they identified the mechanism that S1P regulates gene expression through regulating the activity of HDACs.In June 24th,2010,in another paper to be published on NATURE magazine（Nature 2010,June 24th,advance online publication,（doi：10.1038/ nature09128）） which reports the regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway by S1P.They demonstrate that S1P is the missing cofactor for TRAF2（tumour-necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2） and indicate a new paradigm for the regulation of lysine-63- linked poly-ubiquitination.The study also highlight the key role of SphK1 and its product S1P in TNF-αsignalling and the canonical NF-κB activation pathway, and then play crucial role in inflammatory,antiapoptotic and immune processes.The identification of new mechanisms fay which S1P regulates gene expression and TNF and NF-κB signaling pathway will light up the road to develop novel inhibitors that might be useful for treatment of cancer and in- flammatory diseases.展开更多
文摘Objective： The aim of the study was to explore the role of Wnt βcatenin signalling pathway in the maintenance, invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer stem cells. Methods： Double immunohistochemical staining was used to detect the expression of EpCAMhigh/CD44~ which is regarded as the marker of colorectal cancer stem cells in 80 cases of colorectal cancer and their corresponding liver metastases. The SP method of immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of the key protein βcatenin in the Wnt pathway in these tissue. The expression and correlation of ^-catenin and EpCAMh^gh/ CD44＋ in colorectal cancer were analyzed and their role on the biological behavior of colorectal cancer was explored. Results： The abnormal expression of βcatenin was significantly higher in colorectal cancer than in the paraneoplastic normal intes- tinal mucosa [55% （44/80） vs 10% （2/20）, P 〈 0.05]. The positive expression of EpCAMhigh/CD44＋ was significantly higher in colorectal cancer than in the paraneoplastic normal intestinal mucosa [66.25% （53/80） vs 0% （0/20）, P 〈 0.05]. In the 80 cases of colorectal cancer, the abnormal expression of ^-catenin has no correlation with gender （P = 0.079）, age （P = 0.416） and the magnitude （P = 0.816） of the tumor （P 〉 0.05）, but it was significantly correlated with degree of differentiation （P = 0.001）, depth of invasion （P = 0.001）, clinical stage （P = 0.000） and metastasis （P = 0.000）. In the colorectal cancer, the expression of EpCAMhi^h/CD44~ cells has no correlation with gender （P = 0.934） and the magnitude （P = 0.160） of the tumor （P 〉 0.05）, but was significantly correlated with age （P = 0.021）, degree of differentiation （P = 0.013）, depth of invasion （P = 0.000）, clinical stage （P = 0.000） and metastasis （P = 0.000）. In the corresponding liver metastases, we could also detecte EpCAMhih/CD44＋ cells. In cases with abnormal expression of βcatenin, the positive expression rate of EpCAMhigh/CD44＋ was significantly higher than those with normal expression of β-catenin （84.1% vs 44.4%）, and the difference was statistically significant （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion： The abnormal activation of Wnt β-catenin signalling pathway may prompt the abnormal proliferation of the colorectal cancer stem cells, which leads to the recurrence and metastasis of the cancer.
文摘The purpose of research study was to develop a theoretical relativistic framework for research in open and flexible learning environment because it is a new dimension in the field of education. Developing a theoretical relativistic framework for any research study is first and prime step in walking on the track to reach the distinction set by the researcher. Open and flexible learning is a new trend in education, enriched with ICT-use as a basic demand of the 21st century generation in all parts of the globe. So, it requires a theoretical framework for its initiation, implementation, development and evaluation which is relatively developed and advanced from the existing framework. In any research study the literature review is carried out in order to develop, build or construct a theoretical framework. The researcher of the study has observed while attending the international conference on ODL （AAOU, 2013） that most of the studies require theoretical underpinning for ICT-use in education. The researcher assume that being a new trend in education to use ICT for teaching learning purpose; it requires conceptual clarity and theoretical background of the user and researcher, because, without theory the practice is wastage of money, time and energy and it becomes ineffective and requires relatively new conceptual development. So, the problem stated by the researcher for the study was： Developing theoretical relativistic framework for research in open and flexible learning： A new trend in educational research. The objective of the study was integrating the interrelated concepts to build a pnemonological network for identifying the constructs in ICT-rich open and flexible learning environment. The study was significant because it provided theoretical background for conducting research in ICT-use for teaching and learning through open and flexible systems; whether blended or online learning and training. The methodology used by the researcher was qualitative and interpretive because there were reviewing of literature and meta-analysis for building the framework. The data were analyzed and interpreted by the researcher for the findings and drawing conclusions. On the basis of conclusions the researcher has made suggestions and recommendations for conducting research in open and flexible learning environment by using this theoretical relativistic framework. The framework was named as Virtual Learning Environment Framework （VLEF）.
文摘Theater play that shows how textiles, make up, hair dyes and music players has changed along the last six decades, especially due to polymers. It is a play that has a historic, chemical and musical side that introduces the use of ICT （information and communications technology）, such as Faeebook, Moodle platform, Web sites, E-mail, Word, Publisher, PowerPoint, Videos and Digital music. Results in the conduct of the students that participated： assertiveness, self-esteem, tolerance, cooperation, responsibility and teamwork, all of them significantly contributed a meaningful learning about the polymers.
基金supported by Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.20972174)
文摘Sphingosine-1-phosphate（S1P） is a bioactive lipid messenger in the cells that regulate gene expression and NF-κB signal pathway through unknown mechanisms.Recently,Cheng Luo,associate professor of DDDC in Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica,whose project was funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China,joined in a research team led by Professor Sarah Spiegel of Virginia Commonwealth University.The team continuously made significant breakthroughs in understanding the regulation mechanism of Sphingosine-1- Phosphate.In September 2009,in a paper published on SCIENCE magazine（Science 2009, 325：1254-7）,they firstly demonstrated that S1P is a physiologically important regulator of histone deacetylases（HDACs）,HDACs are direct intracellular targets of S1P.Furthermore,they identified the mechanism that S1P regulates gene expression through regulating the activity of HDACs.In June 24th,2010,in another paper to be published on NATURE magazine（Nature 2010,June 24th,advance online publication,（doi：10.1038/ nature09128）） which reports the regulation of NF-κB signaling pathway by S1P.They demonstrate that S1P is the missing cofactor for TRAF2（tumour-necrosis factor receptor-associated factor 2） and indicate a new paradigm for the regulation of lysine-63- linked poly-ubiquitination.The study also highlight the key role of SphK1 and its product S1P in TNF-αsignalling and the canonical NF-κB activation pathway, and then play crucial role in inflammatory,antiapoptotic and immune processes.The identification of new mechanisms fay which S1P regulates gene expression and TNF and NF-κB signaling pathway will light up the road to develop novel inhibitors that might be useful for treatment of cancer and in- flammatory diseases.
