Health literacy refers to the ability to obtain and understand basic healt h information and service and use such information and service to make appropriate decisions so as to maintain and enhance one’s own health.H...Health literacy refers to the ability to obtain and understand basic healt h information and service and use such information and service to make appropriate decisions so as to maintain and enhance one’s own health.Health literacy is an important indicator to evaluate a country’s basic public health service standard and the health status of the people.展开更多
Turkey launched a project in 2003 known as ＂Health Transformation Programme＂ （HTP）, which enabled Turkey to make considerable progress and radical changes to the health care system. The programme in 2003 included ...Turkey launched a project in 2003 known as ＂Health Transformation Programme＂ （HTP）, which enabled Turkey to make considerable progress and radical changes to the health care system. The programme in 2003 included the effectiveness and the efficiency factors within the process by setting them as the primary objectives to increase the health status of the population （effectiveness） and to use resources in the best possible manner and at the lowest possible cost （efficiency）. Accessing services according to the need of patients and state benefits according to their ability to pay would be viable under these objectives. In this study, initially, Turkish National Health System will be articulated on a literature-study basis approach to measure the efficiency of public expenditure on health. Then, the measured level of the efficiency will be analysed in Turkey, The paper serves a purpose to analyse the efficiency based on the outcomes of heath service such as satisfaction with public health services over the period of 2003-2013. A simple linear regression was employed to test the degree of statistical relation between public health expenditure and satisfaction with public health care services.展开更多
Patient safety has become a priority for the health system, including dentistry. Several studies showed that health care meant to improve people＇s health is an important source of disease. Good clinical practices aim...Patient safety has become a priority for the health system, including dentistry. Several studies showed that health care meant to improve people＇s health is an important source of disease. Good clinical practices aim to maximize effectiveness and therapeutic compliance, minimize risks and costs, respecting the patient＇s choice from generic drugs, also from the moment of prescribing, the supervision of drug-related events must be taken into account, not only on the patient but also in the environment. Pharmacovigilance and pharmacoecovigilance have to be conceived as a clinical practice in dentistry. There is no established culture of drug induced reaction reports by dentists in Uruguay, and awareness of environmental care is incipient. The pharmacy of faculty of dentistry, （Universidad de la Repfiblica）, an institutional project that has been developed since 2006, is in a transformation process. The pharmacovigilance dentistry Node is in full development. The toxicovigilance and pharmacoecovigilance activities are recent. The general aim of this project was to establish the pbarmacovigilance, toxicovigilance and pharmacoecovigilance clinical practice in dentistry. The widespread use of cosmetic as toothpastes, or mouth rinses, drugs and dental materials, as well as exposure to chemical contaminants through the population＇s living habits and the environmental damage caused by drug wastes requires comprehensive and up-to-date information to establish rational strategies.展开更多
In Brazil, milk production is a key sector for income generation, tax collection and much of the milk produced comes from family farms. The present study was aimed to assess the conditions of milk production on 30 far...In Brazil, milk production is a key sector for income generation, tax collection and much of the milk produced comes from family farms. The present study was aimed to assess the conditions of milk production on 30 farms in the city of S~ Mateus, to the North of the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Data were obtained through questionnaires sent to producers according to the legislation of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture. The questions included type of milking, hygiene practices and health status of milkers, mastitis control and source and others. Milking was manually done in all farms, and only 40,0% of milkers washed their hands and forearms before milking, and 13.0% used antiseptic solutions after washing. None of the farms performed the pre-dipping and post-dipping procedures. Control of mastitis was not performed in 94.0% of the farms and none of them performed the CMT test. A high degree of non-conformity was observed in the family farms. These data demonstrate the need for training farmers in good agricultural practices. This would contribute to achieving better quality milk, and ensure the sustainability of the segment in the Northern region of the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil.展开更多
Urban public health is an important global issue, and receives extensive attention. It is necessary to compare urban public health status among different cities, so that each city can define its own health patterns an...Urban public health is an important global issue, and receives extensive attention. It is necessary to compare urban public health status among different cities, so that each city can define its own health patterns and limiting factors. The following assessment indicators were established to evaluate urban public health status： living conditions, physical health, education and culture, envir- onmental quality, and social security. A weighted-sum model was used in combination with these indicators to compare the urban public health status in four cities-- Beijing, New York, London, and Tokyo--using data for 2000-2009. Although the urban public health level of Beijing was lower than that of the other cities, it showed the greatest increase in this level over the study period. Different patterns of urban public health were identified： London had the most balanced, steady pattern （almost all factors performed well and developed stably）; New York and Tokyo showed balanced, but unsteady patterns （most factors remained high, though social security and environ- mental quality fluctuated）; Beijing had the most unba- lanced, unsteady pattern （the different factors were at different levels, and education and culture and social security fluctuated）. For enhanced urban public health status, environmental quality and education and culture clearly need to be improved in Beijing. This study demonstrates that a comparison of different cities is helpful in identifying limiting factors for urban public health and providing an orientation for future urban development.展开更多
文摘Health literacy refers to the ability to obtain and understand basic healt h information and service and use such information and service to make appropriate decisions so as to maintain and enhance one’s own health.Health literacy is an important indicator to evaluate a country’s basic public health service standard and the health status of the people.
文摘Turkey launched a project in 2003 known as ＂Health Transformation Programme＂ （HTP）, which enabled Turkey to make considerable progress and radical changes to the health care system. The programme in 2003 included the effectiveness and the efficiency factors within the process by setting them as the primary objectives to increase the health status of the population （effectiveness） and to use resources in the best possible manner and at the lowest possible cost （efficiency）. Accessing services according to the need of patients and state benefits according to their ability to pay would be viable under these objectives. In this study, initially, Turkish National Health System will be articulated on a literature-study basis approach to measure the efficiency of public expenditure on health. Then, the measured level of the efficiency will be analysed in Turkey, The paper serves a purpose to analyse the efficiency based on the outcomes of heath service such as satisfaction with public health services over the period of 2003-2013. A simple linear regression was employed to test the degree of statistical relation between public health expenditure and satisfaction with public health care services.
文摘Patient safety has become a priority for the health system, including dentistry. Several studies showed that health care meant to improve people＇s health is an important source of disease. Good clinical practices aim to maximize effectiveness and therapeutic compliance, minimize risks and costs, respecting the patient＇s choice from generic drugs, also from the moment of prescribing, the supervision of drug-related events must be taken into account, not only on the patient but also in the environment. Pharmacovigilance and pharmacoecovigilance have to be conceived as a clinical practice in dentistry. There is no established culture of drug induced reaction reports by dentists in Uruguay, and awareness of environmental care is incipient. The pharmacy of faculty of dentistry, （Universidad de la Repfiblica）, an institutional project that has been developed since 2006, is in a transformation process. The pharmacovigilance dentistry Node is in full development. The toxicovigilance and pharmacoecovigilance activities are recent. The general aim of this project was to establish the pbarmacovigilance, toxicovigilance and pharmacoecovigilance clinical practice in dentistry. The widespread use of cosmetic as toothpastes, or mouth rinses, drugs and dental materials, as well as exposure to chemical contaminants through the population＇s living habits and the environmental damage caused by drug wastes requires comprehensive and up-to-date information to establish rational strategies.
文摘In Brazil, milk production is a key sector for income generation, tax collection and much of the milk produced comes from family farms. The present study was aimed to assess the conditions of milk production on 30 farms in the city of S~ Mateus, to the North of the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Data were obtained through questionnaires sent to producers according to the legislation of the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture. The questions included type of milking, hygiene practices and health status of milkers, mastitis control and source and others. Milking was manually done in all farms, and only 40,0% of milkers washed their hands and forearms before milking, and 13.0% used antiseptic solutions after washing. None of the farms performed the pre-dipping and post-dipping procedures. Control of mastitis was not performed in 94.0% of the farms and none of them performed the CMT test. A high degree of non-conformity was observed in the family farms. These data demonstrate the need for training farmers in good agricultural practices. This would contribute to achieving better quality milk, and ensure the sustainability of the segment in the Northern region of the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil.
基金Financial support is provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. 40901269）, the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University （NCET-09-0226）, the National Science Foundation for Innovative Research Group （No. 51121003）, and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities. The authors would also thank the help of the editor and the comments of the reviewers, which significantly improved the quality of this paper.
文摘Urban public health is an important global issue, and receives extensive attention. It is necessary to compare urban public health status among different cities, so that each city can define its own health patterns and limiting factors. The following assessment indicators were established to evaluate urban public health status： living conditions, physical health, education and culture, envir- onmental quality, and social security. A weighted-sum model was used in combination with these indicators to compare the urban public health status in four cities-- Beijing, New York, London, and Tokyo--using data for 2000-2009. Although the urban public health level of Beijing was lower than that of the other cities, it showed the greatest increase in this level over the study period. Different patterns of urban public health were identified： London had the most balanced, steady pattern （almost all factors performed well and developed stably）; New York and Tokyo showed balanced, but unsteady patterns （most factors remained high, though social security and environ- mental quality fluctuated）; Beijing had the most unba- lanced, unsteady pattern （the different factors were at different levels, and education and culture and social security fluctuated）. For enhanced urban public health status, environmental quality and education and culture clearly need to be improved in Beijing. This study demonstrates that a comparison of different cities is helpful in identifying limiting factors for urban public health and providing an orientation for future urban development.
