Optimization of long-term mine production scheduling in open pit mines deals with the management of cash flows, typically in the order of hundreds of millions of dollars. Conventional mine scheduling utilizes optimiza...Optimization of long-term mine production scheduling in open pit mines deals with the management of cash flows, typically in the order of hundreds of millions of dollars. Conventional mine scheduling utilizes optimization methods that are not capable of accounting for inherent technical uncertainties such as uncertainty in the expected ore/metal supply from the underground, acknowledged to be the most critical factor. To integrate ore/metal uncertainty into the optimization of mine production scheduling a stochastic integer programming(SIP) formulation is tested at a copper deposit. The stochastic solution maximizes the economic value of a project and minimizes deviations from production targets in the presence of ore/metal uncertainty. Unlike the conventional approach, the SIP model accounts and manages risk in ore supply, leading to a mine production schedule with a 29% higher net present value than the schedule obtained from the conventional, industry-standard optimization approach, thus contributing to improving the management and sustainable utilization of mineral resources.展开更多
With the rapid developments of information technology,various industries become much more dependent on networks.Driven by economic interests and the game between countries reflected by growing cyberspace confrontation...With the rapid developments of information technology,various industries become much more dependent on networks.Driven by economic interests and the game between countries reflected by growing cyberspace confrontations,evasive network attacks on information infrastructures with high-tech,high concealment and longterm sustainability become severe threats to national security.In this paper,we propose a novel two-phased method for the detection of evasive network attacks which exploit or pretend to be common legal encryption services in order to escape security inspection.Malicious communications which camouflage themselves as legal encryption application are identified in the SSL'session structure verification phase firstly,and then by serverside X.509 certificate based anomaly detection,suspicious attack behaviors are further distinguished effectively.Experiment results show that our method is very useful for detecting the network activities of certain unknown threats or new malwares.Besides,the proposed method can be applied to other similar services easily.展开更多
The wide application of new information and communication technologies(ICTs) has been argued to be critical to business success of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) ,especially to those in the developing countr...The wide application of new information and communication technologies(ICTs) has been argued to be critical to business success of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) ,especially to those in the developing countries.Drawing upon existing literature,this article will examine the determinants of ICTs application in SMEs in China based on data collected from interviews with top managers and/or owners of 70 SMEs.We identify 20 factors affecting ICTs application in SMEs in China and divide them into four broad categories,namely pressures,firm specific factors,technical factors and local milieu.We also pay special attention to the Chinese business environment affecting ICTs application.Our analysis shows that local ICT infrastructure,external pressures from competitors and ICT knowledge of employees are the determinants of Internet application by SMEs,while product characteristics and market target are important factors of e-commerce adoption.展开更多
Growing environmental concerns require efforts for application of sustainability in construction industry. Today, there is an increasing need for sustainable building design. Besides, BIM （building information model...Growing environmental concerns require efforts for application of sustainability in construction industry. Today, there is an increasing need for sustainable building design. Besides, BIM （building information modeling） is one of the most noteworthy developments in construction industry. BIM is used to make the planning, design, construction, and operation process more integrated. The purpose of this paper is to survey application of BIM in sustainable building design. This exploration is done by reviewing the existing studies in the field of BIM and sustainable design. There have been few attempts to evaluate and analyze the benefits of BIM in sustainable design, and existing researches have not developed integrated analysis to evaluate different aspects of BIM application. In this study, BIM and sustainable design researches are categorized into some major areas. First, frameworks and design strategies for better implementation of sustainable design have been developed. Other application of BIM software is for improving sustainable design in which some case studies have been presented for this purpose. Another major area is focusing on a specific aspect of sustainable buildings such as using natural resources, energy simulation, daylighting analysis and carbon emissions. Scrutiny review of the current studies shows excellent potential for interaction of BIM with sustainable construction.展开更多
The article discusses plot size standards applied in the government sites-and-services projects in Khartoum and probes into the possible alternative ways of re-establishing solid grounds for those standards. The parti...The article discusses plot size standards applied in the government sites-and-services projects in Khartoum and probes into the possible alternative ways of re-establishing solid grounds for those standards. The particular issue of plot size is a crucial factor in the whole housing policy as it directly affects the urban land use and consumption and extends its influence far into sustainability and affordability issues and the whole housing policy and supply process. The article, analysing the applied standards, argues that plot subdivision can substantially contribute to providing more access of housing to the low-income groups. Large plot sizes can be subdivided driven by the need to realize security of tenure, doubling the owner-occupier housing stock which is the base issue of self-help housing, increases housing finance, provides variety of housing choices and behind all it conforms to the legacy principles and some cultural attributes of the local community. The article underlined existence of a cumbersome regulatory system, subdivision procedures and development controls which need to be reformed.展开更多
Industrial buildings are valuable heritage structures that should be sustained as well as historic buildings since the preservation of the traditional values in the context of conservation is important in terms of a s...Industrial buildings are valuable heritage structures that should be sustained as well as historic buildings since the preservation of the traditional values in the context of conservation is important in terms of a sense of the continuity of the culture. Kadir Has University building has been selected as the case study of the research. Success of the conversion and interventions in terms of sustainability will be discussed. The aim of the study is to question adaptive reuse project of the Cibali Tobacco Factory as university within the framework of urban regeneration of Cibali district. The relation between adaptive reuse projects and its relationship among socio-cultural, economic, and physical dimensions of the sustainability, also its effects on the environment and region has been discussed. Adaptive reuse examples should not be accepted as single projects. Its contribution to the environment and the region is also crucial. Preservation of an individual building can be a catalyst to renewal of others. It can help the transformation of the whole area. There is always an interaction between the conversion projects and the environment. In order to achieve a successful conversion, appropriate functions should be given to the industrial heritage buildings according to the needs of the region.展开更多
Based on the retrospection of researches on carrying capacity, this article reviewed systematically the research progresses on carrying capacity of relative resources (CCRR). Then the viewpoint was put forward that CC...Based on the retrospection of researches on carrying capacity, this article reviewed systematically the research progresses on carrying capacity of relative resources (CCRR). Then the viewpoint was put forward that CCRR is not an appropriate method of appraising the regional sustainability, but a sound way to obtain cognition for coordinating spatial location and flow of population and economy. However, as the most popular computing method of CCRR, the Weighting Linear Sum Model is defective in the random of weight choice and the neglect of matching among different resources. Therefore, this article established the Geometric Model on CCRR based on modifying Weighting Linear Sum Model, which can be used to appraise regions where resources are close matching. Employing the Geometric Model, the article empirically analyzed the population and economic CCRR in Hubei Province from 1978 to 2006. The result indicates that the population in Hubei Province is overloading while the economic carrying capacity is abundant compared to the whole country, and the economic insufficiency restricts the population carrying capacity. In the future, Hubei Province will become one of the core developing zones which are characterized by economic conglomeration.展开更多
基金funded from the National Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada,Collaborative R&D Grant CRDPJ 335696 with BHP Billiton and NSERC Discovery Grant 239019 to R. Dimitrakopoulos
文摘Optimization of long-term mine production scheduling in open pit mines deals with the management of cash flows, typically in the order of hundreds of millions of dollars. Conventional mine scheduling utilizes optimization methods that are not capable of accounting for inherent technical uncertainties such as uncertainty in the expected ore/metal supply from the underground, acknowledged to be the most critical factor. To integrate ore/metal uncertainty into the optimization of mine production scheduling a stochastic integer programming(SIP) formulation is tested at a copper deposit. The stochastic solution maximizes the economic value of a project and minimizes deviations from production targets in the presence of ore/metal uncertainty. Unlike the conventional approach, the SIP model accounts and manages risk in ore supply, leading to a mine production schedule with a 29% higher net present value than the schedule obtained from the conventional, industry-standard optimization approach, thus contributing to improving the management and sustainable utilization of mineral resources.
基金supported by the National Science and Technology Support Program under Grant No.2012BAH46B02 and 2012BAH45B01the National High Technology Research and Development Program(863 Program) of China under Grant No.2011AA010703the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences under Grant No.XDA06030200
文摘With the rapid developments of information technology,various industries become much more dependent on networks.Driven by economic interests and the game between countries reflected by growing cyberspace confrontations,evasive network attacks on information infrastructures with high-tech,high concealment and longterm sustainability become severe threats to national security.In this paper,we propose a novel two-phased method for the detection of evasive network attacks which exploit or pretend to be common legal encryption services in order to escape security inspection.Malicious communications which camouflage themselves as legal encryption application are identified in the SSL'session structure verification phase firstly,and then by serverside X.509 certificate based anomaly detection,suspicious attack behaviors are further distinguished effectively.Experiment results show that our method is very useful for detecting the network activities of certain unknown threats or new malwares.Besides,the proposed method can be applied to other similar services easily.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China for the research conducted (Grant no.40571047)
文摘The wide application of new information and communication technologies(ICTs) has been argued to be critical to business success of small and medium-sized enterprises(SMEs) ,especially to those in the developing countries.Drawing upon existing literature,this article will examine the determinants of ICTs application in SMEs in China based on data collected from interviews with top managers and/or owners of 70 SMEs.We identify 20 factors affecting ICTs application in SMEs in China and divide them into four broad categories,namely pressures,firm specific factors,technical factors and local milieu.We also pay special attention to the Chinese business environment affecting ICTs application.Our analysis shows that local ICT infrastructure,external pressures from competitors and ICT knowledge of employees are the determinants of Internet application by SMEs,while product characteristics and market target are important factors of e-commerce adoption.
文摘Growing environmental concerns require efforts for application of sustainability in construction industry. Today, there is an increasing need for sustainable building design. Besides, BIM （building information modeling） is one of the most noteworthy developments in construction industry. BIM is used to make the planning, design, construction, and operation process more integrated. The purpose of this paper is to survey application of BIM in sustainable building design. This exploration is done by reviewing the existing studies in the field of BIM and sustainable design. There have been few attempts to evaluate and analyze the benefits of BIM in sustainable design, and existing researches have not developed integrated analysis to evaluate different aspects of BIM application. In this study, BIM and sustainable design researches are categorized into some major areas. First, frameworks and design strategies for better implementation of sustainable design have been developed. Other application of BIM software is for improving sustainable design in which some case studies have been presented for this purpose. Another major area is focusing on a specific aspect of sustainable buildings such as using natural resources, energy simulation, daylighting analysis and carbon emissions. Scrutiny review of the current studies shows excellent potential for interaction of BIM with sustainable construction.
文摘The article discusses plot size standards applied in the government sites-and-services projects in Khartoum and probes into the possible alternative ways of re-establishing solid grounds for those standards. The particular issue of plot size is a crucial factor in the whole housing policy as it directly affects the urban land use and consumption and extends its influence far into sustainability and affordability issues and the whole housing policy and supply process. The article, analysing the applied standards, argues that plot subdivision can substantially contribute to providing more access of housing to the low-income groups. Large plot sizes can be subdivided driven by the need to realize security of tenure, doubling the owner-occupier housing stock which is the base issue of self-help housing, increases housing finance, provides variety of housing choices and behind all it conforms to the legacy principles and some cultural attributes of the local community. The article underlined existence of a cumbersome regulatory system, subdivision procedures and development controls which need to be reformed.
文摘Industrial buildings are valuable heritage structures that should be sustained as well as historic buildings since the preservation of the traditional values in the context of conservation is important in terms of a sense of the continuity of the culture. Kadir Has University building has been selected as the case study of the research. Success of the conversion and interventions in terms of sustainability will be discussed. The aim of the study is to question adaptive reuse project of the Cibali Tobacco Factory as university within the framework of urban regeneration of Cibali district. The relation between adaptive reuse projects and its relationship among socio-cultural, economic, and physical dimensions of the sustainability, also its effects on the environment and region has been discussed. Adaptive reuse examples should not be accepted as single projects. Its contribution to the environment and the region is also crucial. Preservation of an individual building can be a catalyst to renewal of others. It can help the transformation of the whole area. There is always an interaction between the conversion projects and the environment. In order to achieve a successful conversion, appropriate functions should be given to the industrial heritage buildings according to the needs of the region.
基金National Natural Science Fundation of China (Grant No:40671062)
文摘Based on the retrospection of researches on carrying capacity, this article reviewed systematically the research progresses on carrying capacity of relative resources (CCRR). Then the viewpoint was put forward that CCRR is not an appropriate method of appraising the regional sustainability, but a sound way to obtain cognition for coordinating spatial location and flow of population and economy. However, as the most popular computing method of CCRR, the Weighting Linear Sum Model is defective in the random of weight choice and the neglect of matching among different resources. Therefore, this article established the Geometric Model on CCRR based on modifying Weighting Linear Sum Model, which can be used to appraise regions where resources are close matching. Employing the Geometric Model, the article empirically analyzed the population and economic CCRR in Hubei Province from 1978 to 2006. The result indicates that the population in Hubei Province is overloading while the economic carrying capacity is abundant compared to the whole country, and the economic insufficiency restricts the population carrying capacity. In the future, Hubei Province will become one of the core developing zones which are characterized by economic conglomeration.
