Members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene family play important roles in vertebrate neurogenesis. In this study, confocal microscopy-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is used to monitor b...Members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene family play important roles in vertebrate neurogenesis. In this study, confocal microscopy-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is used to monitor bHLH protein-protein interactions under various physiological conditions. Tissue-specific bHLH activators, NeuroD 1, Mash 1, Neurogenin 1 (Ngn 1), Neurogenin2 (Ngn2), and ubiquitous expressed E47 protein are tagged with enhanced yellow fluorescence protein (EYFP) and enhanced cyan fluorescence protein (ECFP), respectively. The subcellular localization and mobility ofbHLH fusion proteins are examined in HEK293 cells. By transient transfection and in ovo electroporation, four pairs of tissue-specific bHLH activators and E47 protein are over-expressed in HEK293 cells and developing chick embryo neural tube. With the acceptor photobleaching method, FRET could be detected between these bHLH protein pairs in the nuclei of transfected cells and developing neural tubes. Mashl/E47 and Ngn2/E47 FRET pairs show higher FRET efficiencies in the medial and the lateral half of chick embryo neural tube, respectively. It suggests that these bHLH protein pairs formed functional DNA-protein complexes with regulatory elements of their downstream target genes in the specific regions. This work will help one understand the behaviours of bHLH factors in vivo.展开更多
目的:探讨芪黄健脾滋肾颗粒治疗系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的临床疗效及对信号转导及转录激活因子3/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(STAT3/m TOR)信号通路的影响,分析其可能作用机制。方法:选取安徽中医药大学第一附属医院2022年5月至2023年5月符合...目的:探讨芪黄健脾滋肾颗粒治疗系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的临床疗效及对信号转导及转录激活因子3/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(STAT3/m TOR)信号通路的影响,分析其可能作用机制。方法:选取安徽中医药大学第一附属医院2022年5月至2023年5月符合标准的SLE女性患者60例,随机分成对照组和观察组(每组各30例),对照组予以醋酸泼尼松+硫酸羟氯喹口服;观察组在对照组基础上予以芪黄健脾滋肾颗粒口服。连续治疗8周后,评估两组患者治疗前后SLE疾病活动度(SLEDAI)、中医证候积分,比较治疗前后血红细胞沉降率(ESR)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、免疫指标[免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)、C3、C4、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)]、白细胞介素(IL)-17、IL-23、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h PRO)、血肌酐(SCr)、STAT3/m TOR通路相关因子[STAT3、磷酸化(p)-STAT3、m TOR蛋白和STAT3、m TOR m RNA]表达变化及不良反应情况。结果:经8周治疗后,观察组临床总有效率为93.33%(28/30),明显高于对照组临床总有效率的70.00%(21/30)(χ^(2)=4.007,P<0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,两组患者SLEDAI、中医证候积分、ESR、hs-CRP、Ig G、CD8^(+)、IL-17、IL-23、IFN-γ、24 h PRO、SCr和STAT3/m TOR通路相关因子表达均显著降低(P<0.01),C3、C4、CD4^(+)显著升高(P<0.01)。与对照组治疗后比较,观察组患者SLEDAI、中医证候积分、ESR、hs-CRP、Ig G、CD8^(+)、IL-17、IL-23、IFN-γ、24 h PRO、SCr和STAT3/m TOR通路相关因子表达均明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),C3、C4、CD4^(+)明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。两组治疗前后均未出现严重不良反应。结论:芪黄健脾滋肾颗粒能有效改善SLE机体炎症反应,降低疾病活动度,改善肾损伤,其机制可能与抑制STAT3/m TOR信号通路调节免疫功能有关。展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (#90208011, #30300174, #30070856 , #30421005) National Key Basic Research and Development Program of China (#2002CB713802 , #2005CB522700) Shanghai Key Project of Basic Science Research (#04DZ14005 , #04DZ05608).
文摘Members of the basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) gene family play important roles in vertebrate neurogenesis. In this study, confocal microscopy-based fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) is used to monitor bHLH protein-protein interactions under various physiological conditions. Tissue-specific bHLH activators, NeuroD 1, Mash 1, Neurogenin 1 (Ngn 1), Neurogenin2 (Ngn2), and ubiquitous expressed E47 protein are tagged with enhanced yellow fluorescence protein (EYFP) and enhanced cyan fluorescence protein (ECFP), respectively. The subcellular localization and mobility ofbHLH fusion proteins are examined in HEK293 cells. By transient transfection and in ovo electroporation, four pairs of tissue-specific bHLH activators and E47 protein are over-expressed in HEK293 cells and developing chick embryo neural tube. With the acceptor photobleaching method, FRET could be detected between these bHLH protein pairs in the nuclei of transfected cells and developing neural tubes. Mashl/E47 and Ngn2/E47 FRET pairs show higher FRET efficiencies in the medial and the lateral half of chick embryo neural tube, respectively. It suggests that these bHLH protein pairs formed functional DNA-protein complexes with regulatory elements of their downstream target genes in the specific regions. This work will help one understand the behaviours of bHLH factors in vivo.
文摘目的:探讨芪黄健脾滋肾颗粒治疗系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)的临床疗效及对信号转导及转录激活因子3/哺乳动物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(STAT3/m TOR)信号通路的影响,分析其可能作用机制。方法:选取安徽中医药大学第一附属医院2022年5月至2023年5月符合标准的SLE女性患者60例,随机分成对照组和观察组(每组各30例),对照组予以醋酸泼尼松+硫酸羟氯喹口服;观察组在对照组基础上予以芪黄健脾滋肾颗粒口服。连续治疗8周后,评估两组患者治疗前后SLE疾病活动度(SLEDAI)、中医证候积分,比较治疗前后血红细胞沉降率(ESR)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、免疫指标[免疫球蛋白G(Ig G)、C3、C4、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)]、白细胞介素(IL)-17、IL-23、γ干扰素(IFN-γ)、24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h PRO)、血肌酐(SCr)、STAT3/m TOR通路相关因子[STAT3、磷酸化(p)-STAT3、m TOR蛋白和STAT3、m TOR m RNA]表达变化及不良反应情况。结果:经8周治疗后,观察组临床总有效率为93.33%(28/30),明显高于对照组临床总有效率的70.00%(21/30)(χ^(2)=4.007,P<0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,两组患者SLEDAI、中医证候积分、ESR、hs-CRP、Ig G、CD8^(+)、IL-17、IL-23、IFN-γ、24 h PRO、SCr和STAT3/m TOR通路相关因子表达均显著降低(P<0.01),C3、C4、CD4^(+)显著升高(P<0.01)。与对照组治疗后比较,观察组患者SLEDAI、中医证候积分、ESR、hs-CRP、Ig G、CD8^(+)、IL-17、IL-23、IFN-γ、24 h PRO、SCr和STAT3/m TOR通路相关因子表达均明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01),C3、C4、CD4^(+)明显升高(P<0.05,P<0.01)。两组治疗前后均未出现严重不良反应。结论:芪黄健脾滋肾颗粒能有效改善SLE机体炎症反应,降低疾病活动度,改善肾损伤,其机制可能与抑制STAT3/m TOR信号通路调节免疫功能有关。