Sri Lanka is experiencing speedy urbanization by converting the agriculture land and other natural land cover into built-up land. The urban population of Sri Lanka is expected to reach to 60% by 2030 from 14% in 2010....Sri Lanka is experiencing speedy urbanization by converting the agriculture land and other natural land cover into built-up land. The urban population of Sri Lanka is expected to reach to 60% by 2030 from 14% in 2010. The rapid growth in urban population and urban areas in Sri Lanka may cause serious socioeconomic disparities, if they are not handled properly. Thus, planners in Sri Lanka are in need of information about past and future urban growth patterns to plan a better and sustainable urban future for Sri Lanka. In this paper, we analyzed the characteristics of past land use and land cover trends in Matara City of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2010 to assess the historic urban dynamics. The land use change detection analysis based on remote sensing datasets reveal that the conversion of homestead/garden and paddy into urban land is evident in Matara City. The historic urban trends are projected into the near future by using SLEUTH urban growth model to identify the hot spots of future urbanization and as well as the urban growth patterns in Matara City up to the basic administrative level, i.e., Grama Niladari Divisions(GND). The urban growth simulations for the year 2030 reveal that 29 GNDs out of 66 GNDs in Matara City will be totally converted into urban land. Whereas, 28 GNDs will have urban land cover from 75% to 99% by 2030. The urban growth simulations are further analyzed with respect to the proposed Matara city development plan by the Urban Development Authority(UDA) of Sri Lanka. The results show that the UDA's city development plan of Matara will soon be outpaced by rapid urbanization. Based on the calibration and validation results, the SLEUTH model proved to be a useful planning tool to understand the near future urbanization of Sri Lankan cities.展开更多
Debris flows form deposits when they reach an alluvial fan until they eventually stop.However,houses located in the alluvial fan might affect the debris flow flooding and deposition processes.Few previous studies have...Debris flows form deposits when they reach an alluvial fan until they eventually stop.However,houses located in the alluvial fan might affect the debris flow flooding and deposition processes.Few previous studies have considered the effects of houses on debris flow flooding and deposition.This study conducted model experiments and numerical simulations using the Kanako2D debris flow simulator to determine the influence of houses on debris flow flooding and deposition.The model experiments showed that when houses are present,the debris flow spreads widely in the cross direction immediately upstream of the houses,especially when the flow discharge is large or the grain size is small.Houses located in the alluvial fan also influence the deposition area.The presence of houses led to flooding and deposition damage in some places and reduced the damage in others.The simulation also demonstrated the influence of houses.Both the model experiment and the simulation showed that houses change the flooding and deposition areas.展开更多
Based on the study on the city transport systems of some typical cities worldwide,this paper put forward that each city transport system has its own development mode,which is influenced by the city development plan,ec...Based on the study on the city transport systems of some typical cities worldwide,this paper put forward that each city transport system has its own development mode,which is influenced by the city development plan,economic development level,traveling vehicle composition etc..When some problems occur,such as the congestions caused by contradiction between the road capacity and vehicle composition,the city transport system may come into temporary maturity period.If the improvement for road system is limited meanwhile,optimized structure of vehicle composition should be an effective solution in this case.With the development of economy-internationalization,the development speed of city transport modernization is rapid.When traveling easiness is conflicting with efficiency,the advantages of public transport system become more obvious.Correspondingly,the superiority of two-wheel vehicles will reappear.Though the important function of two-wheel vehicles for alleviating city traffic problems is obvious,however,their development strategy must be reasonably proposed,and operation regulations must be performed accordingly.展开更多
This brief conceptual paper contributes a sustainability theoretic perspective of an urbanization paradigm known as Compact City. Compact City is an urban planning and development concept which promotes relatively hig...This brief conceptual paper contributes a sustainability theoretic perspective of an urbanization paradigm known as Compact City. Compact City is an urban planning and development concept which promotes relatively high population density associated with an integrated and mixed-use land district. It is enabled by transit-oriented development and results in low transport-related energy consumption and reduced the GHG （Greenhouse Gases） pollution. Compact City conserves the natural capital of land mass and subscribes to the strong sustainability ethics. ICT （Information and Communications Technology） could be deployed to optimize the Compact City operations by first tackling some of the development problems associated with Compact City and also unleashing new urban innovations and functionalities to achieve sustainable urbanization. The paper suggests and elucidates several general systemic synergies archetypes such as co-benefits, cascading, ICT infrastructure reuse, etc., which could be leveraged to facilitate the emergence of compact green smart and resilient city. These archetypes are solutions to the Compact City paradigm thus conductive to the development ofa Sustainability Science of Compact City.展开更多
In this paper, a new model of urban environmental resource management is introduced. The article analyzes the gap between urban environmental management and the management of economy and human resources. The significa...In this paper, a new model of urban environmental resource management is introduced. The article analyzes the gap between urban environmental management and the management of economy and human resources. The significance, the key points, the implementation procedures, and steps of eco-budget cycle are discussed.展开更多
The urban economic development needs transportation facilities. People moves form one location to the other rapidly. The amount of vehicle increases, it also increases lead content in the air. As a research topic is t...The urban economic development needs transportation facilities. People moves form one location to the other rapidly. The amount of vehicle increases, it also increases lead content in the air. As a research topic is the human health cost increases as lead content in the air increases. Lead impacts increase public health cost. This research identifies the determinant of public health cost and estimates the respondent＇s willingness to pay （WTP）. The respondents are 146 people in three areas of study, Yogyakarta City, Sleman Regency, and Bantul Regency. Dose response method determinates the valuation of lead impact caused by emission to human health. Contingent valuation method estimates the respondents＇ WTP to take care human health by keeping the environmental condition. It is analyzed by ordered probit model. By increasing lead pollutant, the health impacts are 123,647 cases of incremental child IQ, 15,783 cases of hypertension, 17 cases of coroner core, and 127 cases of premature mortality. Total health compensation cost because of lead impact is 1,469,594,723,409 （US $122,466,226.95）. The increasing of the probability of respondent＇s WTP is only 0.00000233 percent, if the dependent variables increase one percent. It indicates that people＇s awareness to keep their environment and to decrease lead content is not good enough, despite the fact that there is some increase of awareness for example展开更多
In recent years,as a new first-tier city in China,Hefei has made great progress in the construction ofurban landscapes,but there were also problems such as the unbalanced development of scenic spots and a needfor more...In recent years,as a new first-tier city in China,Hefei has made great progress in the construction ofurban landscapes,but there were also problems such as the unbalanced development of scenic spots and a needfor more characteristics in landscape construction.To further improve the level of urban landscape construction andpromote tourism development,we analyzed the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats of urban landscape construction as well as tourism development in Hefei based on the SWOT-AHP model,constructed a hierarchical analysis structure model,and proposed corresponding countermeasures for its sustainable development.The results show that the opportunities(0.4966)>strengths(0.3281)>weaknesses(0.1115)>threats(0.0638)ofurban landscape construction and tourism development in Hefei.The most important opportunity was the development opportunity brought by the national macroeconomic policies;the most important strength was the strengthof traffic location;the main weakness was that the ecological problem had not been resolved;and the main threatwas that the early developed nearby scenic spots had obvious strengths.The four-quadrant coordinate methodprovided the strategic center of gravity coordinates P(x,y)=(0.1457,0.2191)and the strategic strength coefficientρ=0.9368.It is concluded that future Hefei urban landscape construction and tourism development should adoptan active growth-type development strategy.Finally,based on these analysis results,we propose correspondingdevelopment strategies and suggestions to provide a reference for further promoting Hefei's urban landscape construction and high-quality development of the tourism industry.展开更多
As a pivotal element within the modern service industry,tourism possesses the capacity to reconfigure regional economic dynamics,alter resource flow patterns,and notably influence urban green development.By establishi...As a pivotal element within the modern service industry,tourism possesses the capacity to reconfigure regional economic dynamics,alter resource flow patterns,and notably influence urban green development.By establishing an evaluation index system for urban green development across 60 prefecture-level cities within the Yellow River Basin from 2006 to 2021,this study employs the spatial Durbin model to delve into the nonlinear relationship between the tourism economy and urban green development.Furthermore,it investigates the heterogeneous impact of the tourism economy on green development across varying levels of urbanization.This study reveals several key findings:(1)Both tourism economy and urban green development exhibit significant spatial clustering,with tourism economy showing“midstream>downstream>upstream”and urban green development showing“downstream>midstream>upstream”.(2)The tourism economy exerts a non-linear positive influence on the green development of cities,characterized by a non-linear inverted“S”shape in its direct impact and a nonlinear“S”shape in its indirect impact.(3)As urbanization rate level escalate,the positive influence of the tourism economy on urban green development follows a non-linear trajectory,initially declining before ascending.Specifically,when the urbanization rate level is below the first threshold value,the tourism economy notably promotes urban green development.However,between the first and second threshold values,this positive impact diminishes,only to rebound beyond the second threshold value.展开更多
近日,在韩国首尔由雷姆·库哈斯设计的MOA美术馆中,一个名为"Always On My Mind:home |hom|"的展览正在进行,中国建筑师车飞关于未来北京的可持续性城市发展模型——《跳城》于此展出。建筑师车飞带领其团队所进行一项关...近日,在韩国首尔由雷姆·库哈斯设计的MOA美术馆中,一个名为"Always On My Mind:home |hom|"的展览正在进行,中国建筑师车飞关于未来北京的可持续性城市发展模型——《跳城》于此展出。建筑师车飞带领其团队所进行一项关于中国未来城市的可持续性的研究项目。经过数年科学的调查与分析。展开更多
In the context of high-quality economic development and coordinated regional development,this paper measures the urban land use efficiency of 275 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2016,taking into account ...In the context of high-quality economic development and coordinated regional development,this paper measures the urban land use efficiency of 275 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2016,taking into account the unexpected output(environmental pollution),and explores the temporal and spatial evolution of urban land use efficiency through kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation analysis.The results show that:(1)From 2003 to 2016,China’s urban land use efficiency showed an overall fluctuating growth,but it remained at a low level.The mean value of urban land use efficiency has been gradually decreasing in east,west and central regions.(2)In the whole country and the eastern,central and western regions,the regional differences have been increasing,and the efficiency values of the whole country and the east have become polarized.(3)Urban land use efficiency shows a weak spatial positive correlation,but the degree of spatial agglomeration is increasing.High-high agglomeration areas are mostly distributed in the southeastern coastal areas,and extend into the central region,while most of the high-low polarized areas are the capital cities of the central and western regions.The low-high depressed areas are scattered around the high-value accumulation areas,some of which have turned into high-high agglomeration areas during the study period,while the low-low homogeneous areas are mainly distributed in the central,western and northeastern regions.Therefore,it is proposed that strengthening the utilization of urban stock land,strengthening the regional cooperation mechanism,and formulating policies which improve the efficiency of land use are effective ways to promote the intensive and economical use of urban land,as well as regional coordinated development.展开更多
In recent decades,it presents a more obvious temperature rise in urban area along with the global warming.City is generally the center of human society,so the study on urban temperature variation will be helpful to ou...In recent decades,it presents a more obvious temperature rise in urban area along with the global warming.City is generally the center of human society,so the study on urban temperature variation will be helpful to our city development planning that is to reduce urban warming.The study is also helpful to a more comprehensive understanding of the causes of climate warming,which could provide a theoretical support to the government to make more reasonable international energy policies.Local temperature rise has different mechanisms with the global warming:large quantities of artificial heat release from the energy consumption will stay in urban areas for a period of time,which will inevitably influence the short-term trend of the local temperature change.Based on that view,a structural thermodynamic model was established in this paper to investigate the effect of the artificial heat release on the urban local temperatures.In the model,the city environment was divided into Human,Local,Outer three blocks,and then the heat and temperatures of the blocks were analyzed based on the laws of thermodynamics.After that,the effect of artificial heat release in Human block on the local temperatures was clarified.The model shows that the artificial heat release has an approximately linearly promoting effect on the local temperature rise,and the more the heat release is,the stronger the effect is.In addition,a validation of that model was carried out based on some national statistical data.The data of temperatures and artificial heat release of some provincial capitals of China were analyzed with linear regression extrapolation method and Pearson correlation statistical method.The results show that in most capital cities,the temperature variations basically depend on the artificial heat release in a linear relationship,which usually becomes more apparent with the increase of the artificial heat release in both spatial and temporal dimensions.The conclusions of the statistics have good conformity with the model and the rationality of the model is verified.展开更多
The SLEUTH urban growth model was used to simulate future urban growth patterns and to explore potential environ-mental impacts of urban development under different conditions of development in Shenyang City, China. T...The SLEUTH urban growth model was used to simulate future urban growth patterns and to explore potential environ-mental impacts of urban development under different conditions of development in Shenyang City, China. The SLEUTH model was calibrated with historical data (1988-2004) extracted from a time series of TM satellite images, and the future growth was pro-jected out to 2030 assuming three different policy scenarios: (1) current trends scenario (Scenario CT), (2) regional policy and ur-ban planning scenario (Scenario PP), and (3) environmental protection scenario (Scenario EP). Scenario analysis showed that urban growth would accelerate under all policy scenarios with significant differences in development pattern and sustainability after 2016. Urban development under Scenario CT would lead to substantial loss of resource lands than that under the other two scenarios, and the urban landscape pattern would be increasingly complex and dispersed. In contrast, urban growth under scenario PP and EP would consume less natural resource land and show a relatively compact urban development pattern during the prediction period. This study suggested that it is crucial to take stringent urban planning and management measures to control future urban growth and to protect primary farmland and the support system of urban ecology in Shenyang City. The SLEUTH model is a useful planning tool to guide sustainable utilization of urban land resources to a certain extent.展开更多
文摘Sri Lanka is experiencing speedy urbanization by converting the agriculture land and other natural land cover into built-up land. The urban population of Sri Lanka is expected to reach to 60% by 2030 from 14% in 2010. The rapid growth in urban population and urban areas in Sri Lanka may cause serious socioeconomic disparities, if they are not handled properly. Thus, planners in Sri Lanka are in need of information about past and future urban growth patterns to plan a better and sustainable urban future for Sri Lanka. In this paper, we analyzed the characteristics of past land use and land cover trends in Matara City of Sri Lanka from 1980 to 2010 to assess the historic urban dynamics. The land use change detection analysis based on remote sensing datasets reveal that the conversion of homestead/garden and paddy into urban land is evident in Matara City. The historic urban trends are projected into the near future by using SLEUTH urban growth model to identify the hot spots of future urbanization and as well as the urban growth patterns in Matara City up to the basic administrative level, i.e., Grama Niladari Divisions(GND). The urban growth simulations for the year 2030 reveal that 29 GNDs out of 66 GNDs in Matara City will be totally converted into urban land. Whereas, 28 GNDs will have urban land cover from 75% to 99% by 2030. The urban growth simulations are further analyzed with respect to the proposed Matara city development plan by the Urban Development Authority(UDA) of Sri Lanka. The results show that the UDA's city development plan of Matara will soon be outpaced by rapid urbanization. Based on the calibration and validation results, the SLEUTH model proved to be a useful planning tool to understand the near future urbanization of Sri Lankan cities.
基金supported by JSPS KAKENHI(Grant No.24710206),Grant-in-Aid for Young Scientists (B)
文摘Debris flows form deposits when they reach an alluvial fan until they eventually stop.However,houses located in the alluvial fan might affect the debris flow flooding and deposition processes.Few previous studies have considered the effects of houses on debris flow flooding and deposition.This study conducted model experiments and numerical simulations using the Kanako2D debris flow simulator to determine the influence of houses on debris flow flooding and deposition.The model experiments showed that when houses are present,the debris flow spreads widely in the cross direction immediately upstream of the houses,especially when the flow discharge is large or the grain size is small.Houses located in the alluvial fan also influence the deposition area.The presence of houses led to flooding and deposition damage in some places and reduced the damage in others.The simulation also demonstrated the influence of houses.Both the model experiment and the simulation showed that houses change the flooding and deposition areas.
文摘Based on the study on the city transport systems of some typical cities worldwide,this paper put forward that each city transport system has its own development mode,which is influenced by the city development plan,economic development level,traveling vehicle composition etc..When some problems occur,such as the congestions caused by contradiction between the road capacity and vehicle composition,the city transport system may come into temporary maturity period.If the improvement for road system is limited meanwhile,optimized structure of vehicle composition should be an effective solution in this case.With the development of economy-internationalization,the development speed of city transport modernization is rapid.When traveling easiness is conflicting with efficiency,the advantages of public transport system become more obvious.Correspondingly,the superiority of two-wheel vehicles will reappear.Though the important function of two-wheel vehicles for alleviating city traffic problems is obvious,however,their development strategy must be reasonably proposed,and operation regulations must be performed accordingly.
文摘This brief conceptual paper contributes a sustainability theoretic perspective of an urbanization paradigm known as Compact City. Compact City is an urban planning and development concept which promotes relatively high population density associated with an integrated and mixed-use land district. It is enabled by transit-oriented development and results in low transport-related energy consumption and reduced the GHG （Greenhouse Gases） pollution. Compact City conserves the natural capital of land mass and subscribes to the strong sustainability ethics. ICT （Information and Communications Technology） could be deployed to optimize the Compact City operations by first tackling some of the development problems associated with Compact City and also unleashing new urban innovations and functionalities to achieve sustainable urbanization. The paper suggests and elucidates several general systemic synergies archetypes such as co-benefits, cascading, ICT infrastructure reuse, etc., which could be leveraged to facilitate the emergence of compact green smart and resilient city. These archetypes are solutions to the Compact City paradigm thus conductive to the development ofa Sustainability Science of Compact City.
基金Supported by the Bureau for Science & Technology of Dalian City (No. 05DLSK013).
文摘In this paper, a new model of urban environmental resource management is introduced. The article analyzes the gap between urban environmental management and the management of economy and human resources. The significance, the key points, the implementation procedures, and steps of eco-budget cycle are discussed.
文摘The urban economic development needs transportation facilities. People moves form one location to the other rapidly. The amount of vehicle increases, it also increases lead content in the air. As a research topic is the human health cost increases as lead content in the air increases. Lead impacts increase public health cost. This research identifies the determinant of public health cost and estimates the respondent＇s willingness to pay （WTP）. The respondents are 146 people in three areas of study, Yogyakarta City, Sleman Regency, and Bantul Regency. Dose response method determinates the valuation of lead impact caused by emission to human health. Contingent valuation method estimates the respondents＇ WTP to take care human health by keeping the environmental condition. It is analyzed by ordered probit model. By increasing lead pollutant, the health impacts are 123,647 cases of incremental child IQ, 15,783 cases of hypertension, 17 cases of coroner core, and 127 cases of premature mortality. Total health compensation cost because of lead impact is 1,469,594,723,409 （US $122,466,226.95）. The increasing of the probability of respondent＇s WTP is only 0.00000233 percent, if the dependent variables increase one percent. It indicates that people＇s awareness to keep their environment and to decrease lead content is not good enough, despite the fact that there is some increase of awareness for example
基金The Scientific Research Foundation for High-level Talents of Anhui University of Science and Technology(2022yjrc07)The Open Project Program Foundation of Engineering Research Center of Underground Mine Construction+1 种基金Ministry of Education(Anhui University of Science and Technology)(JYBGCZX2023104)The Opening Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Biocontrol(Sun Yat-sen University)(2024SKLBC-KF01)。
文摘In recent years,as a new first-tier city in China,Hefei has made great progress in the construction ofurban landscapes,but there were also problems such as the unbalanced development of scenic spots and a needfor more characteristics in landscape construction.To further improve the level of urban landscape construction andpromote tourism development,we analyzed the strengths,weaknesses,opportunities,and threats of urban landscape construction as well as tourism development in Hefei based on the SWOT-AHP model,constructed a hierarchical analysis structure model,and proposed corresponding countermeasures for its sustainable development.The results show that the opportunities(0.4966)>strengths(0.3281)>weaknesses(0.1115)>threats(0.0638)ofurban landscape construction and tourism development in Hefei.The most important opportunity was the development opportunity brought by the national macroeconomic policies;the most important strength was the strengthof traffic location;the main weakness was that the ecological problem had not been resolved;and the main threatwas that the early developed nearby scenic spots had obvious strengths.The four-quadrant coordinate methodprovided the strategic center of gravity coordinates P(x,y)=(0.1457,0.2191)and the strategic strength coefficientρ=0.9368.It is concluded that future Hefei urban landscape construction and tourism development should adoptan active growth-type development strategy.Finally,based on these analysis results,we propose correspondingdevelopment strategies and suggestions to provide a reference for further promoting Hefei's urban landscape construction and high-quality development of the tourism industry.
基金The National Social Science Foundation of China(20BJL103,23BTJ001)The National Natural Science Foundation of China(71934001)+1 种基金The Philosophy and Social Science Foundation of Anhui Province(AHSKZ2022D16)The Project of Graduate Student Research InnovationFund of Anhui University of Finance and Economics(ACYC2022155).
文摘As a pivotal element within the modern service industry,tourism possesses the capacity to reconfigure regional economic dynamics,alter resource flow patterns,and notably influence urban green development.By establishing an evaluation index system for urban green development across 60 prefecture-level cities within the Yellow River Basin from 2006 to 2021,this study employs the spatial Durbin model to delve into the nonlinear relationship between the tourism economy and urban green development.Furthermore,it investigates the heterogeneous impact of the tourism economy on green development across varying levels of urbanization.This study reveals several key findings:(1)Both tourism economy and urban green development exhibit significant spatial clustering,with tourism economy showing“midstream>downstream>upstream”and urban green development showing“downstream>midstream>upstream”.(2)The tourism economy exerts a non-linear positive influence on the green development of cities,characterized by a non-linear inverted“S”shape in its direct impact and a nonlinear“S”shape in its indirect impact.(3)As urbanization rate level escalate,the positive influence of the tourism economy on urban green development follows a non-linear trajectory,initially declining before ascending.Specifically,when the urbanization rate level is below the first threshold value,the tourism economy notably promotes urban green development.However,between the first and second threshold values,this positive impact diminishes,only to rebound beyond the second threshold value.
文摘近日,在韩国首尔由雷姆·库哈斯设计的MOA美术馆中,一个名为"Always On My Mind:home |hom|"的展览正在进行,中国建筑师车飞关于未来北京的可持续性城市发展模型——《跳城》于此展出。建筑师车飞带领其团队所进行一项关于中国未来城市的可持续性的研究项目。经过数年科学的调查与分析。
基金The National Natural Science Foundation of China(41961035)The Natural Science Foundation in Jiangxi Province(20202BAB213014)+2 种基金The Technology Foundation of Jiangxi Education Department of China(GJJ180285)The Humanities and Social Sciences Research Project of Jiangxi Universities(GL19206)Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics Student Research Project(20200613133356832)。
文摘In the context of high-quality economic development and coordinated regional development,this paper measures the urban land use efficiency of 275 prefecture-level cities in China from 2003 to 2016,taking into account the unexpected output(environmental pollution),and explores the temporal and spatial evolution of urban land use efficiency through kernel density estimation and spatial autocorrelation analysis.The results show that:(1)From 2003 to 2016,China’s urban land use efficiency showed an overall fluctuating growth,but it remained at a low level.The mean value of urban land use efficiency has been gradually decreasing in east,west and central regions.(2)In the whole country and the eastern,central and western regions,the regional differences have been increasing,and the efficiency values of the whole country and the east have become polarized.(3)Urban land use efficiency shows a weak spatial positive correlation,but the degree of spatial agglomeration is increasing.High-high agglomeration areas are mostly distributed in the southeastern coastal areas,and extend into the central region,while most of the high-low polarized areas are the capital cities of the central and western regions.The low-high depressed areas are scattered around the high-value accumulation areas,some of which have turned into high-high agglomeration areas during the study period,while the low-low homogeneous areas are mainly distributed in the central,western and northeastern regions.Therefore,it is proposed that strengthening the utilization of urban stock land,strengthening the regional cooperation mechanism,and formulating policies which improve the efficiency of land use are effective ways to promote the intensive and economical use of urban land,as well as regional coordinated development.
基金supported by the Knowledge Innovation Project of The Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No. KGCX2-YW-356)
文摘In recent decades,it presents a more obvious temperature rise in urban area along with the global warming.City is generally the center of human society,so the study on urban temperature variation will be helpful to our city development planning that is to reduce urban warming.The study is also helpful to a more comprehensive understanding of the causes of climate warming,which could provide a theoretical support to the government to make more reasonable international energy policies.Local temperature rise has different mechanisms with the global warming:large quantities of artificial heat release from the energy consumption will stay in urban areas for a period of time,which will inevitably influence the short-term trend of the local temperature change.Based on that view,a structural thermodynamic model was established in this paper to investigate the effect of the artificial heat release on the urban local temperatures.In the model,the city environment was divided into Human,Local,Outer three blocks,and then the heat and temperatures of the blocks were analyzed based on the laws of thermodynamics.After that,the effect of artificial heat release in Human block on the local temperatures was clarified.The model shows that the artificial heat release has an approximately linearly promoting effect on the local temperature rise,and the more the heat release is,the stronger the effect is.In addition,a validation of that model was carried out based on some national statistical data.The data of temperatures and artificial heat release of some provincial capitals of China were analyzed with linear regression extrapolation method and Pearson correlation statistical method.The results show that in most capital cities,the temperature variations basically depend on the artificial heat release in a linear relationship,which usually becomes more apparent with the increase of the artificial heat release in both spatial and temporal dimensions.The conclusions of the statistics have good conformity with the model and the rationality of the model is verified.
基金Supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program (No.2006BAJ10B05)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30800149)
文摘The SLEUTH urban growth model was used to simulate future urban growth patterns and to explore potential environ-mental impacts of urban development under different conditions of development in Shenyang City, China. The SLEUTH model was calibrated with historical data (1988-2004) extracted from a time series of TM satellite images, and the future growth was pro-jected out to 2030 assuming three different policy scenarios: (1) current trends scenario (Scenario CT), (2) regional policy and ur-ban planning scenario (Scenario PP), and (3) environmental protection scenario (Scenario EP). Scenario analysis showed that urban growth would accelerate under all policy scenarios with significant differences in development pattern and sustainability after 2016. Urban development under Scenario CT would lead to substantial loss of resource lands than that under the other two scenarios, and the urban landscape pattern would be increasingly complex and dispersed. In contrast, urban growth under scenario PP and EP would consume less natural resource land and show a relatively compact urban development pattern during the prediction period. This study suggested that it is crucial to take stringent urban planning and management measures to control future urban growth and to protect primary farmland and the support system of urban ecology in Shenyang City. The SLEUTH model is a useful planning tool to guide sustainable utilization of urban land resources to a certain extent.
