An assumed time scale model is applied in the numerical calculation of the turbulenceround jet flow, the results are found to be reasonable. Then, joint-scalar probability densityfunction(pdf) approach together with t...An assumed time scale model is applied in the numerical calculation of the turbulenceround jet flow, the results are found to be reasonable. Then, joint-scalar probability densityfunction(pdf) approach together with the assumed time scale model was employed to computeturbulence diffusion flames, several mixing models were compared. It was suggested thatscalar time scale should be used to improve mixing models.展开更多
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the best characterised cancers, with extensive data documenting the sequential gene mutations that underlie its development. Complementary datasets are also being generated describing...Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the best characterised cancers, with extensive data documenting the sequential gene mutations that underlie its development. Complementary datasets are also being generated describing changes in protein and RNA expression, tumour biology and clinical outcome. Both the quantity and the variety of information are inexorably increasing and there is now an accompanying need to integrate these highly disparate datasets. In this article we aim to explain why we believe that mathematical modelling represents a natural tool or language with which to integrate these data and, in so doing, to provide insight into CRC.展开更多
Experimental results indicate three regimes for cracking in a ferroelectric double cantilever beam (DCB) under combined electromechanical loading. In the loading, the maximum amplitude of the applied electric field re...Experimental results indicate three regimes for cracking in a ferroelectric double cantilever beam (DCB) under combined electromechanical loading. In the loading, the maximum amplitude of the applied electric field reaches almost twice the coercive field of ferroelectrics. Thus, the model of small scale domain switching is not applicable any more, which is dictated only by the singular term of the crack tip field. In the DCB test, a large or global scale domain switching takes place instead, which is driven jointly by both the singular and non-singular terms of the crack-tip electric field. Combining a full field solution with an energy based switching criterion, we obtain the switching zone by the large scale model around the tip of a stationary impermeable crack. It is observed that the switching zone by the large scale model is significantly different from that by the small scale model. According to the large scale switching zone, the switch-induced stress intensity factor (SIF) and the transverse stress (T-stress) are evaluated numerically. Via the SIF and T-stress induced by the combined loading and corresponding criteria, we address the crack initiation and crack growth stability simultaneously. The two theoretical predictions roughly coincide with the experimental observations.展开更多
A prisoner's dilemma game model is studied using complex networks with a fixed strategy. The strategy of the player is updated according to not only the payoff differences between players and the neighbors, but al...A prisoner's dilemma game model is studied using complex networks with a fixed strategy. The strategy of the player is updated according to not only the payoff differences between players and the neighbors, but also the majority of neighbors (noted as conformist mentality strategy). According to our results of the simulations we found that the players which select the conformist mentality strategy, the density of cooperators markedly improves. The variation trend is slower on the square lattice and small-world networks, but a different phenomenon is noted for scale-free networks. A range of conformist mentality probability is seen on BA networks which conforms to a higher density of cooperators.展开更多
文摘An assumed time scale model is applied in the numerical calculation of the turbulenceround jet flow, the results are found to be reasonable. Then, joint-scalar probability densityfunction(pdf) approach together with the assumed time scale model was employed to computeturbulence diffusion flames, several mixing models were compared. It was suggested thatscalar time scale should be used to improve mixing models.
文摘Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the best characterised cancers, with extensive data documenting the sequential gene mutations that underlie its development. Complementary datasets are also being generated describing changes in protein and RNA expression, tumour biology and clinical outcome. Both the quantity and the variety of information are inexorably increasing and there is now an accompanying need to integrate these highly disparate datasets. In this article we aim to explain why we believe that mathematical modelling represents a natural tool or language with which to integrate these data and, in so doing, to provide insight into CRC.
基金supported by the "Sino-German Center for Research Promotion" under a project of "Crack Growth in Ferroelectrics Driven by Cyclic Electric Loading", the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 10702071)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 201003281)the Shanghai Postdoctoral Scientific Program (Grant No. 10R21415800)
文摘Experimental results indicate three regimes for cracking in a ferroelectric double cantilever beam (DCB) under combined electromechanical loading. In the loading, the maximum amplitude of the applied electric field reaches almost twice the coercive field of ferroelectrics. Thus, the model of small scale domain switching is not applicable any more, which is dictated only by the singular term of the crack tip field. In the DCB test, a large or global scale domain switching takes place instead, which is driven jointly by both the singular and non-singular terms of the crack-tip electric field. Combining a full field solution with an energy based switching criterion, we obtain the switching zone by the large scale model around the tip of a stationary impermeable crack. It is observed that the switching zone by the large scale model is significantly different from that by the small scale model. According to the large scale switching zone, the switch-induced stress intensity factor (SIF) and the transverse stress (T-stress) are evaluated numerically. Via the SIF and T-stress induced by the combined loading and corresponding criteria, we address the crack initiation and crack growth stability simultaneously. The two theoretical predictions roughly coincide with the experimental observations.
文摘A prisoner's dilemma game model is studied using complex networks with a fixed strategy. The strategy of the player is updated according to not only the payoff differences between players and the neighbors, but also the majority of neighbors (noted as conformist mentality strategy). According to our results of the simulations we found that the players which select the conformist mentality strategy, the density of cooperators markedly improves. The variation trend is slower on the square lattice and small-world networks, but a different phenomenon is noted for scale-free networks. A range of conformist mentality probability is seen on BA networks which conforms to a higher density of cooperators.
