目的:非正常足型的发展会对儿童的生长和生活带来不利的影响,儿童非正常足型的早期诊断有利于对儿童足型的及时矫正。文章对文献中儿童足型分类的方法进行总结与回顾,以期为临床医生在儿童非正常足型的预防与矫正策略的研究上提供有价...目的:非正常足型的发展会对儿童的生长和生活带来不利的影响,儿童非正常足型的早期诊断有利于对儿童足型的及时矫正。文章对文献中儿童足型分类的方法进行总结与回顾,以期为临床医生在儿童非正常足型的预防与矫正策略的研究上提供有价值的参考信息。方法:在万方、维普、中国知网、Web of Science和PubMed数据库中对儿童足型分类的相关文献进行检索,并对儿童足型分类的方法进行分类、归纳与系统评价。结果:(1)最终纳入12篇文献,其中儿童足型分类方法主要包括足印指数法、放射学评估法、临床检查法和人体测量学检查法共4种;(2)各种分类方法的优缺点:足印法简单快捷,但测量结果具有片面性;放射学评估法具有潜在的辐射风险,且成本高、流程复杂;临床检查法虽快捷、成本低,但具有较强的主观性;人体测量学检查法虽然较为准确,但耗时较长;(3)在以往研究中,研究人员大多数选择经济快捷的足印法作为儿童足型的分类方法,且部分研究采用多种指标相结合的方式以提高儿童足型分类的准确性;(4)目前较为准确的儿童足型的分类方法就是采用多种指标相结合的方式。结论:目前儿童足型的分类缺乏金标准,多数足型分类方法仅显示足部静态的结构特征,未来的研究需建立静态足部结构和动态足部功能之间的关系,以增加儿童足型分类结果的准确性和科学性,从而在儿童骨骺闭合年龄结束前对儿童足部的健康成长和发育提供良好的策略。展开更多
Objective: We studied the application of CT image fusion in the evaluation of radiation treatment planning for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Eleven patients with NSCLC, who were treated with three-dimen...Objective: We studied the application of CT image fusion in the evaluation of radiation treatment planning for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Eleven patients with NSCLC, who were treated with three-dimensional con-formal radiation therapy, were studied. Each patient underwent twice sequential planning CT scan, i.e., at pre-treatment, and at mid-treatment for field reduction planning. Three treatment plans were established in each patient: treatment plan A was based on the pre-treatment planning CT scans for the first course of treatment, plan B on the mid-treatment planning CT scans for the second course of treatment, and treatment plan F on the fused images for the whole treatment. The irradiation doses received by organs at risk in the whole treatment with treatment A and B plans were estimated by the plus of the parameters in treatment plan A and B, assuming that the parameters involve the different tissues (i.e. V20=AV20+BV20), or the same tissues within an organ (i.e. Dmax=ADmax+BDmax). The assessment parameters in the treatment plan F were calculated on the basis of the DVH of the whole treatment. Then the above assessment results were compared. Results: There were marked differ-ences between the assessment results derived from the plus of assessment parameters in treatment plan A and B, and the ones derived from treatment plan F. Conclusion: When a treatment plan is altered during the course of radiation treatment, image fusion technique should be performed in the establishment of a new one. The estimation of the assessment parameters for the whole treatment with treatment plan A and B by simple plus, is inaccurate.展开更多
As a result of more than two thousand nuclear tests performed since 1945, two war actions and few accidents in nuclear reactor, it does already exist a radioactive contamination at global scale. This contamination has...As a result of more than two thousand nuclear tests performed since 1945, two war actions and few accidents in nuclear reactor, it does already exist a radioactive contamination at global scale. This contamination has been accumulated mainly in marine sediments, because sea is about 80% of planet surface, and solid fission products released by nuclear explosions are transported by wind first and then by rain to liquid and solid portions on earth, while gaseous fission products are diffused in the atmosphere. In this way, heavy, high yielding fission products, such as 137Cs, get marine sediments, where they are found mixed with heavy radioactive natural elements such as U, Th and their also radioactive decay products. But since alkaline are so abundant on earth, it is also found natural radioactive isotope 4~K, 0.0118% of isotopes forming K element, with half life 1.28 ~ l09, in the time range of planet age and elements origin. So, one easy way to assess both the importance and evaluation of radioactive contamination at global scale should be to establish a RCF （radioactive contamination factor） as a percentage of 137Cs contaminant radioactivity in marine sediments, compared to 4~K natural radioactivity present from the very beginning of earth, both expressed as Bq per gram of sediment. In the frame of these rather general considerations, a research project has started in Mexico whose varied purposes are： to characterize sea regions in both vast littorals in the country, by its natural 4~K radioactivity present in sea salts, as well as to determine if 137Cs traces produced by recent radioactive contamination have reached their coasts. Also, to assess the 137Cs traces already present in marine sediments as a result of more than two thousand nuclear test explosions performed till now, rather than contamination produced by four main accidents in nuclear reactors during the last 60 years. It is proposed a radioactive contamination factor obtained from samples taken up in both coasts during the last two years, which should be very useful in two ways： first to assess the real danger of radioactive contamination already present by comparing with natural radioactivity, and second to assess the growth, equilibrium or drop of radioactive contamination, given that nuclear energy is still the best option to solve the large energy demand foreseen in the near future.展开更多
文摘目的:非正常足型的发展会对儿童的生长和生活带来不利的影响,儿童非正常足型的早期诊断有利于对儿童足型的及时矫正。文章对文献中儿童足型分类的方法进行总结与回顾,以期为临床医生在儿童非正常足型的预防与矫正策略的研究上提供有价值的参考信息。方法:在万方、维普、中国知网、Web of Science和PubMed数据库中对儿童足型分类的相关文献进行检索,并对儿童足型分类的方法进行分类、归纳与系统评价。结果:(1)最终纳入12篇文献,其中儿童足型分类方法主要包括足印指数法、放射学评估法、临床检查法和人体测量学检查法共4种;(2)各种分类方法的优缺点:足印法简单快捷,但测量结果具有片面性;放射学评估法具有潜在的辐射风险,且成本高、流程复杂;临床检查法虽快捷、成本低,但具有较强的主观性;人体测量学检查法虽然较为准确,但耗时较长;(3)在以往研究中,研究人员大多数选择经济快捷的足印法作为儿童足型的分类方法,且部分研究采用多种指标相结合的方式以提高儿童足型分类的准确性;(4)目前较为准确的儿童足型的分类方法就是采用多种指标相结合的方式。结论:目前儿童足型的分类缺乏金标准,多数足型分类方法仅显示足部静态的结构特征,未来的研究需建立静态足部结构和动态足部功能之间的关系,以增加儿童足型分类结果的准确性和科学性,从而在儿童骨骺闭合年龄结束前对儿童足部的健康成长和发育提供良好的策略。
基金a grant from the Key Program of Science and Technology Foundation of Hubei Province (No. 2007A301B33).
文摘Objective: We studied the application of CT image fusion in the evaluation of radiation treatment planning for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods: Eleven patients with NSCLC, who were treated with three-dimensional con-formal radiation therapy, were studied. Each patient underwent twice sequential planning CT scan, i.e., at pre-treatment, and at mid-treatment for field reduction planning. Three treatment plans were established in each patient: treatment plan A was based on the pre-treatment planning CT scans for the first course of treatment, plan B on the mid-treatment planning CT scans for the second course of treatment, and treatment plan F on the fused images for the whole treatment. The irradiation doses received by organs at risk in the whole treatment with treatment A and B plans were estimated by the plus of the parameters in treatment plan A and B, assuming that the parameters involve the different tissues (i.e. V20=AV20+BV20), or the same tissues within an organ (i.e. Dmax=ADmax+BDmax). The assessment parameters in the treatment plan F were calculated on the basis of the DVH of the whole treatment. Then the above assessment results were compared. Results: There were marked differ-ences between the assessment results derived from the plus of assessment parameters in treatment plan A and B, and the ones derived from treatment plan F. Conclusion: When a treatment plan is altered during the course of radiation treatment, image fusion technique should be performed in the establishment of a new one. The estimation of the assessment parameters for the whole treatment with treatment plan A and B by simple plus, is inaccurate.
文摘As a result of more than two thousand nuclear tests performed since 1945, two war actions and few accidents in nuclear reactor, it does already exist a radioactive contamination at global scale. This contamination has been accumulated mainly in marine sediments, because sea is about 80% of planet surface, and solid fission products released by nuclear explosions are transported by wind first and then by rain to liquid and solid portions on earth, while gaseous fission products are diffused in the atmosphere. In this way, heavy, high yielding fission products, such as 137Cs, get marine sediments, where they are found mixed with heavy radioactive natural elements such as U, Th and their also radioactive decay products. But since alkaline are so abundant on earth, it is also found natural radioactive isotope 4~K, 0.0118% of isotopes forming K element, with half life 1.28 ~ l09, in the time range of planet age and elements origin. So, one easy way to assess both the importance and evaluation of radioactive contamination at global scale should be to establish a RCF （radioactive contamination factor） as a percentage of 137Cs contaminant radioactivity in marine sediments, compared to 4~K natural radioactivity present from the very beginning of earth, both expressed as Bq per gram of sediment. In the frame of these rather general considerations, a research project has started in Mexico whose varied purposes are： to characterize sea regions in both vast littorals in the country, by its natural 4~K radioactivity present in sea salts, as well as to determine if 137Cs traces produced by recent radioactive contamination have reached their coasts. Also, to assess the 137Cs traces already present in marine sediments as a result of more than two thousand nuclear test explosions performed till now, rather than contamination produced by four main accidents in nuclear reactors during the last 60 years. It is proposed a radioactive contamination factor obtained from samples taken up in both coasts during the last two years, which should be very useful in two ways： first to assess the real danger of radioactive contamination already present by comparing with natural radioactivity, and second to assess the growth, equilibrium or drop of radioactive contamination, given that nuclear energy is still the best option to solve the large energy demand foreseen in the near future.
