本研究探讨了制造商通过直销渠道销售产品(制造商入侵)对供应链的影响。相较于零售商竞争,供应商入侵现象研究较少。现有研究表明,在信息对称的供应链中,制造商入侵可缓解双重边际化效应,实现共赢。本文在制造商入侵框架下引入信息不对...本研究探讨了制造商通过直销渠道销售产品(制造商入侵)对供应链的影响。相较于零售商竞争,供应商入侵现象研究较少。现有研究表明,在信息对称的供应链中,制造商入侵可缓解双重边际化效应,实现共赢。本文在制造商入侵框架下引入信息不对称因素,分析政府补贴、市场规模信息差异及制造商的可持续努力对供应链的影响。研究发现,在信息不对称情况下,制造商试图通过零售商订单推断市场规模,而零售商可能为私利调整订单,引发策略性博弈,降低供应链效率。特别是零售商为低类型时,可能通过扭曲订单量传递信号,加剧双重边际化。此外,研究发现直销效率并非越高越好,政府补贴也不一定能激励零售商增加订单量。本研究为理解制造商入侵在信息不对称供应链中的影响提供了新的视角。This study investigates the impact of manufacturers selling products directly to consumers through direct channels, a phenomenon known as “manufacturer encroachment”. Compared to the competition among retailers, the phenomenon of supplier encroachment has received relatively less attention. Existing research indicates that under symmetric information structures in supply chains, manufacturer encroachment can alleviate double marginalization effects, leading to a win-win situation. Building on the theoretical framework of manufacturer encroachment and introducing asymmetric information, this paper analyzes the impact of government subsidies, differences in market size information, and the manufacturer’s sustainable efforts on the supply chain. Research has found that in situations of information asymmetry, manufacturers attempt to infer market size through retailer orders, while retailers may adjust orders for personal gain, triggering strategic games and reducing supply chain efficiency. Especially when retailers are of low type, they may distort order volume to transmit signals and exacerbate double marginalization. In addition, research has found that the higher the efficiency of direct sales, the better, and government subsidies may not necessarily incentivize retailers to increase order volume. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the impact of manufacturer intrusion in information asymmetric supply chains.展开更多
在全球经济增长放缓的背景下,就业难题日益凸显,成为社会广泛关注的热点。为应对这一挑战,政府采取了多方面举措,包括推动社会整体发展、制定并实施相关法律法规,以及提供补贴等,以期有效促进就业。近年来,国家大力推进科技创新和产业升...在全球经济增长放缓的背景下,就业难题日益凸显,成为社会广泛关注的热点。为应对这一挑战,政府采取了多方面举措,包括推动社会整体发展、制定并实施相关法律法规,以及提供补贴等,以期有效促进就业。近年来,国家大力推进科技创新和产业升级,政府通过补贴政策激励企业加大技术研发和应用,尤其是在人工智能领域的投入。基于当前经济环境,本文利用了2011~2022年间中国A股上市公司的数据资料,通过构建OLS (最小二乘法)面板数据模型进行了深入的实证分析。研究结果显示,政府提供的补贴对企业的劳动力需求有显著的促进作用,并且这种补贴还通过提高人工智能技术的应用水平,进一步增强了企业对劳动力的需求。此外,通过异质性分析我们观察到,相较于非国有企业和非劳动密集型企业,政府补贴在促进国有企业和劳动密集型企业劳动力需求方面的效果更为突出。In the context of the slowdown in global economic growth, the employment problem has become increasingly prominent and has become a hot spot of widespread concern in the society. In response to this challenge, the government has taken a number of measures, including promoting the development of society as a whole, enacting and enforcing relevant laws and regulations, and providing subsidies to effectively promote employment. In recent years, the state has vigorously promoted scientific and technological innovation and industrial upgrading, and the government has encouraged enterprises to increase investment in technology research and development and application through subsidy policies, especially in the field of artificial intelligence. Based on the current economic environment, this paper uses the data of China’s A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2022, and conducts an in-depth empirical analysis by constructing an OLS (least squares method) panel data model. The results show that the subsidies provided by the government have a significant effect on the labor demand of enterprises, and this subsidy also further enhances the labor demand of enterprises by improving the application level of artificial intelligence technology. In addition, through heterogeneity analysis, we observe that government subsidies are more effective in promoting labor demand in state-owned enterprises and labor-intensive enterprises than non-state-owned enterprises and non-labor-intensive enterprises.展开更多
文摘本研究探讨了制造商通过直销渠道销售产品(制造商入侵)对供应链的影响。相较于零售商竞争,供应商入侵现象研究较少。现有研究表明,在信息对称的供应链中,制造商入侵可缓解双重边际化效应,实现共赢。本文在制造商入侵框架下引入信息不对称因素,分析政府补贴、市场规模信息差异及制造商的可持续努力对供应链的影响。研究发现,在信息不对称情况下,制造商试图通过零售商订单推断市场规模,而零售商可能为私利调整订单,引发策略性博弈,降低供应链效率。特别是零售商为低类型时,可能通过扭曲订单量传递信号,加剧双重边际化。此外,研究发现直销效率并非越高越好,政府补贴也不一定能激励零售商增加订单量。本研究为理解制造商入侵在信息不对称供应链中的影响提供了新的视角。This study investigates the impact of manufacturers selling products directly to consumers through direct channels, a phenomenon known as “manufacturer encroachment”. Compared to the competition among retailers, the phenomenon of supplier encroachment has received relatively less attention. Existing research indicates that under symmetric information structures in supply chains, manufacturer encroachment can alleviate double marginalization effects, leading to a win-win situation. Building on the theoretical framework of manufacturer encroachment and introducing asymmetric information, this paper analyzes the impact of government subsidies, differences in market size information, and the manufacturer’s sustainable efforts on the supply chain. Research has found that in situations of information asymmetry, manufacturers attempt to infer market size through retailer orders, while retailers may adjust orders for personal gain, triggering strategic games and reducing supply chain efficiency. Especially when retailers are of low type, they may distort order volume to transmit signals and exacerbate double marginalization. In addition, research has found that the higher the efficiency of direct sales, the better, and government subsidies may not necessarily incentivize retailers to increase order volume. This study provides a new perspective for understanding the impact of manufacturer intrusion in information asymmetric supply chains.
文摘在全球经济增长放缓的背景下,就业难题日益凸显,成为社会广泛关注的热点。为应对这一挑战,政府采取了多方面举措,包括推动社会整体发展、制定并实施相关法律法规,以及提供补贴等,以期有效促进就业。近年来,国家大力推进科技创新和产业升级,政府通过补贴政策激励企业加大技术研发和应用,尤其是在人工智能领域的投入。基于当前经济环境,本文利用了2011~2022年间中国A股上市公司的数据资料,通过构建OLS (最小二乘法)面板数据模型进行了深入的实证分析。研究结果显示,政府提供的补贴对企业的劳动力需求有显著的促进作用,并且这种补贴还通过提高人工智能技术的应用水平,进一步增强了企业对劳动力的需求。此外,通过异质性分析我们观察到,相较于非国有企业和非劳动密集型企业,政府补贴在促进国有企业和劳动密集型企业劳动力需求方面的效果更为突出。In the context of the slowdown in global economic growth, the employment problem has become increasingly prominent and has become a hot spot of widespread concern in the society. In response to this challenge, the government has taken a number of measures, including promoting the development of society as a whole, enacting and enforcing relevant laws and regulations, and providing subsidies to effectively promote employment. In recent years, the state has vigorously promoted scientific and technological innovation and industrial upgrading, and the government has encouraged enterprises to increase investment in technology research and development and application through subsidy policies, especially in the field of artificial intelligence. Based on the current economic environment, this paper uses the data of China’s A-share listed companies from 2011 to 2022, and conducts an in-depth empirical analysis by constructing an OLS (least squares method) panel data model. The results show that the subsidies provided by the government have a significant effect on the labor demand of enterprises, and this subsidy also further enhances the labor demand of enterprises by improving the application level of artificial intelligence technology. In addition, through heterogeneity analysis, we observe that government subsidies are more effective in promoting labor demand in state-owned enterprises and labor-intensive enterprises than non-state-owned enterprises and non-labor-intensive enterprises.
