Fourteen morphometric traits were used to examine the genetic divergence of 25 mulberry （Morus spp.） genotypes from varied agroclimatic conditions of India. Wide variation was observed for all the traits. The genoty...Fourteen morphometric traits were used to examine the genetic divergence of 25 mulberry （Morus spp.） genotypes from varied agroclimatic conditions of India. Wide variation was observed for all the traits. The genotypes irrespective of their place of collection were grouped into 10 different clusters. Seven accessions, that is, Baragura-2, Gorabandha-2, Kalimpong, Herbertpur, Kollegal, Resham majri-7, and UP-14 each a cluster of unique entries will be of useful for genetic resources. Nevertheless, the correlation and path analysis suggest the direct selection of lamina length, fresh leaf weight, leaf area, and single leaf weight will be rewarding for mulberry leaf yield improvement.展开更多
AIM： To study the morphology and ontogeny of dendritic cells of Peyer＇s patches in rats at different development periods. METHODS： The morphometric and flow cytometric analyses were performed to detect all the para...AIM： To study the morphology and ontogeny of dendritic cells of Peyer＇s patches in rats at different development periods. METHODS： The morphometric and flow cytometric analyses were performed to detect all the parameters of villous-crypts axis and the number of OX62＋DC, OX62＋CD4＋SIRP＋DC, and OX62＋CD4-SIRP-DC in the small intestine in different groups of rats. The relationship between the parameters of villous-axis and the number of DC and DC subtype were analyzed. RESULTS： All morphometric parameters changed significantly with the development of pups in the different age groups （F = 10.751, 12.374, 16.527, 5.291, 3.486; P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.015）. Villous height levels were unstable and increased from 115.24μm to 140.43 μm as early as 3 wk postpartum. Villous area increased significantly between 5 and 7 wk postpartum, peeked up to 13817.60 tam2 at 7 wk postpartum. Villous height and crypt depth ratios were relatively stable and increased significantly from 2.80 ＋ 1.01 to 4.54 =1= 1.56, 9-11 wk postpartum. The expression of OX62＋DC increased from 33.30%±5.80% to 80%± 17.30%, 3-11 wk postpartum （F =5.536, P = 0.0013）. OX62＋CD4＋SIRP＋DC subset levels detected in single-cell suspensions of rat total Peyer＇s patch dendritic cells （PP-DCs） increased significantly from 30.73% ± 5.16% to 35.50% ± 4.08%, 5-7 wk postpartum and from 34.20% ±1.35% to 43.60% ± 2.07% 9-11 wk postpartum （F = 7.216, P = 0.005）. CONCLUSION： This study confirms the agerelated changes in villous-crypt axis differentiation in the small intestine. Simultaneously, there are also development and maturation in rat PP-DCs phenotypic expression. Furthermore, the morphological changes of intestinal mucosa and the development of immune cells （especially DC） peaked at 9-11 wk postpartum, indicating that the intestinal mucosae reached a relatively mature state at 11 wk postpartum.展开更多
Ficus deltoidea Jack （Moraceae） or Mas Cotek is a small shrub with a great morphological variation. Measurement of 40 morphological traits had been done on 50 accessions to find the most significant characters that ...Ficus deltoidea Jack （Moraceae） or Mas Cotek is a small shrub with a great morphological variation. Measurement of 40 morphological traits had been done on 50 accessions to find the most significant characters that enable differentiation being done according to its variety groups. The data were analyzed with principal component analysis （PCA） and cluster analysis （CA） using cluster software package programme to produce the scatter diagram and dendrogram relationship of the taxa. The results showed that there were 25 morphological characters having the value of factor analysis greater than 0.60 from its principal component （PC） with the Eigen value greater than 1.0. 16 out of 40 morphological characters had been identified as having high values of correlation coefficient ranging from -0.783 to 0.890. The analysis showed that the most responsible characters in grouping the samples into different groups are the shape and size of leaf, number and color of dots on the leaf surface and characters of syconium. The scatter diagram of the accessions on the PC1 against PC2 showed six major groups. The dendrogram displayed the relationship among the accessions and within the dissimilarity distance = 19, it classified the samples into five major groups. Observation on F. deltoidea resulted in the findings of high variability among the accessions. The most significant characters in grouping accessions are the shapes of leaf base （BL）, shape of leaf apex （SA）, ratio of lamina width to lamina length （R）, dots color at the lower midrib （DLM）, color of young syconium （CYS）, color of mature syconium （CMS） and the number of syconium on trees （DST）. This study provides basic information for introduction of some particular traits and effective conservation of the species breeding programme. The morphological traits were found to be useful for the diversity studies and in identifying the variation. The actual figures of F. deltoidea obtained through this study enable comparison being done to the previous and in future study. Hence, the varieties that are extinct could be recognised.展开更多
This paper discusses the asymptotic stability and Riesz basis generation for a general tree-shaped network of vibrating strings. All exterior vertices are assumed to be fixed and interior vertices are imposed linear d...This paper discusses the asymptotic stability and Riesz basis generation for a general tree-shaped network of vibrating strings. All exterior vertices are assumed to be fixed and interior vertices are imposed linear damping feedbacks. This paper shows that the system is well-posed and asymptotically stable by C0-semigroup theory. With some additional conditions, the spectrum of the system is shown to be located in a strip that is parallel to the imaginary axis and the set of all generalized eigenfunctions is completed in the state space. These lead to the conclusion that there is a sequence of generalized eigenfunctions of the system, which forms a Riesz basis with parenthesis for the state space.展开更多
文摘Fourteen morphometric traits were used to examine the genetic divergence of 25 mulberry （Morus spp.） genotypes from varied agroclimatic conditions of India. Wide variation was observed for all the traits. The genotypes irrespective of their place of collection were grouped into 10 different clusters. Seven accessions, that is, Baragura-2, Gorabandha-2, Kalimpong, Herbertpur, Kollegal, Resham majri-7, and UP-14 each a cluster of unique entries will be of useful for genetic resources. Nevertheless, the correlation and path analysis suggest the direct selection of lamina length, fresh leaf weight, leaf area, and single leaf weight will be rewarding for mulberry leaf yield improvement.
基金Supported by Grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.30571979
文摘AIM： To study the morphology and ontogeny of dendritic cells of Peyer＇s patches in rats at different development periods. METHODS： The morphometric and flow cytometric analyses were performed to detect all the parameters of villous-crypts axis and the number of OX62＋DC, OX62＋CD4＋SIRP＋DC, and OX62＋CD4-SIRP-DC in the small intestine in different groups of rats. The relationship between the parameters of villous-axis and the number of DC and DC subtype were analyzed. RESULTS： All morphometric parameters changed significantly with the development of pups in the different age groups （F = 10.751, 12.374, 16.527, 5.291, 3.486; P = 0.000, 0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.015）. Villous height levels were unstable and increased from 115.24μm to 140.43 μm as early as 3 wk postpartum. Villous area increased significantly between 5 and 7 wk postpartum, peeked up to 13817.60 tam2 at 7 wk postpartum. Villous height and crypt depth ratios were relatively stable and increased significantly from 2.80 ＋ 1.01 to 4.54 =1= 1.56, 9-11 wk postpartum. The expression of OX62＋DC increased from 33.30%±5.80% to 80%± 17.30%, 3-11 wk postpartum （F =5.536, P = 0.0013）. OX62＋CD4＋SIRP＋DC subset levels detected in single-cell suspensions of rat total Peyer＇s patch dendritic cells （PP-DCs） increased significantly from 30.73% ± 5.16% to 35.50% ± 4.08%, 5-7 wk postpartum and from 34.20% ±1.35% to 43.60% ± 2.07% 9-11 wk postpartum （F = 7.216, P = 0.005）. CONCLUSION： This study confirms the agerelated changes in villous-crypt axis differentiation in the small intestine. Simultaneously, there are also development and maturation in rat PP-DCs phenotypic expression. Furthermore, the morphological changes of intestinal mucosa and the development of immune cells （especially DC） peaked at 9-11 wk postpartum, indicating that the intestinal mucosae reached a relatively mature state at 11 wk postpartum.
文摘Ficus deltoidea Jack （Moraceae） or Mas Cotek is a small shrub with a great morphological variation. Measurement of 40 morphological traits had been done on 50 accessions to find the most significant characters that enable differentiation being done according to its variety groups. The data were analyzed with principal component analysis （PCA） and cluster analysis （CA） using cluster software package programme to produce the scatter diagram and dendrogram relationship of the taxa. The results showed that there were 25 morphological characters having the value of factor analysis greater than 0.60 from its principal component （PC） with the Eigen value greater than 1.0. 16 out of 40 morphological characters had been identified as having high values of correlation coefficient ranging from -0.783 to 0.890. The analysis showed that the most responsible characters in grouping the samples into different groups are the shape and size of leaf, number and color of dots on the leaf surface and characters of syconium. The scatter diagram of the accessions on the PC1 against PC2 showed six major groups. The dendrogram displayed the relationship among the accessions and within the dissimilarity distance = 19, it classified the samples into five major groups. Observation on F. deltoidea resulted in the findings of high variability among the accessions. The most significant characters in grouping accessions are the shapes of leaf base （BL）, shape of leaf apex （SA）, ratio of lamina width to lamina length （R）, dots color at the lower midrib （DLM）, color of young syconium （CYS）, color of mature syconium （CMS） and the number of syconium on trees （DST）. This study provides basic information for introduction of some particular traits and effective conservation of the species breeding programme. The morphological traits were found to be useful for the diversity studies and in identifying the variation. The actual figures of F. deltoidea obtained through this study enable comparison being done to the previous and in future study. Hence, the varieties that are extinct could be recognised.
基金This research is supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 60874035 and by the Scientific Research Initiation Foundation of Civil Aviation University of China （08QD09X）.
文摘This paper discusses the asymptotic stability and Riesz basis generation for a general tree-shaped network of vibrating strings. All exterior vertices are assumed to be fixed and interior vertices are imposed linear damping feedbacks. This paper shows that the system is well-posed and asymptotically stable by C0-semigroup theory. With some additional conditions, the spectrum of the system is shown to be located in a strip that is parallel to the imaginary axis and the set of all generalized eigenfunctions is completed in the state space. These lead to the conclusion that there is a sequence of generalized eigenfunctions of the system, which forms a Riesz basis with parenthesis for the state space.
