为了科学评估地质勘查活动对生态环境的影响,促进地质勘查与生态环境保护协调发展,本文探索建立了基于信息量法的评估方法体系:按照2 km×2 km标准划分青海省评价单元,假设每个评价单元高强烈度地质勘查活动影响面积为7850 m 2;分...为了科学评估地质勘查活动对生态环境的影响,促进地质勘查与生态环境保护协调发展,本文探索建立了基于信息量法的评估方法体系:按照2 km×2 km标准划分青海省评价单元,假设每个评价单元高强烈度地质勘查活动影响面积为7850 m 2;分别计算地物覆被类型、植被覆盖度、噪声影响、地表水资源环境四项单因子信息量,利用GIS叠加计算综合信息量;采用自然间断点分级法,将综合信息量划分为-1.55~1.72、1.72~3.48、3.48~4.70、4.70~6.04、6.04~9.14,对应的生态环境影响等级为轻微、较轻、一般、中等、严重。评估结果表明:轻微-较轻等级的面积为670086.5 km^(2),占青海省全域面积的94.6%,说明地质勘查活动对生态环境影响是有限的、可控的。在地质勘查过程中要加强环境本底调查,注重自然恢复能力,减少人为过渡治理,提升绿色勘查综合效益。该项评估为青海省地质勘查工作部署提供借鉴。展开更多
Ballast water has been a topic of concern for some time because of its potential to introduce invasive species to new habitats. To comply with the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' ...Ballast water has been a topic of concern for some time because of its potential to introduce invasive species to new habitats. To comply with the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments, members of the International Maritime Organization(IMO) must equip their ships with on-board treatment systems to eliminate organism release with ballast water. There are many challenges associated with the implementation of this IMO guideline, one of which is the selection of species for testing the ecological impacts of the treated ballast water. In the United States, ballast water toxicity test methods have been defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. However, the test methods had not been finalized in China until the toxicity test methods for ballast water were established in 2008. The Chinese methods have been based on species from three trophic levels: Skeletonema costatum, Neomysis awatschensis, and Ctenogobius gymnauchen. All three species live in broad estuarine and open sea areas of China; they are sensitive to reference toxicants and acclimatize easily to different conditions. In this paper, the biological characteristics, test processes and statistical analysis methods are presented for the three species. Results indicate that the methods for evaluating these three organisms can be included in the ecological toxicity tests for treated ballast water in China.展开更多
Awareness of the adverse ecological effects of road and other large construction projects has resulted in a rapidly growing demand to quantitatively predict and evaluate the effects on gene flow among plants and anima...Awareness of the adverse ecological effects of road and other large construction projects has resulted in a rapidly growing demand to quantitatively predict and evaluate the effects on gene flow among plants and animals in natural habitats.In this study,we evaluated the effects of different road construction scenarios on animal species movement by using the methods of ecological landscape connectivity in the typical regions of Yunnan Province,China.The results showed landscape connectivity levels(Probability of Connectivity(PC))decreased after road construction and species with lower dispersal abilities were more affected to the subsequent habitat fragmentation.First level roads affected landscape connectivity most significantly.At a distance of 100 m,the PC index decreased more than 50%.Further analysis suggested that the use of landscape connectivity to assess landscape processes revealed the adverse effects on the species movement more effectively compared with the traditional landscape pattern analysis.In addition,we conducted a graph theory and a least-cost modeling discussion,it is obvious that they are powerful tools to represent and analyze landscape networks with respect to related species movement.Network analysis offers a quantitative and simple but effective tool for ecological process assessment and biological conservation on large scales.展开更多
We collected lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis and round whitefish Prosopium cylindraceum from the main basin of Lake Huron and Georgian Bay in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America to investigate details of...We collected lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis and round whitefish Prosopium cylindraceum from the main basin of Lake Huron and Georgian Bay in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America to investigate details of diet and feeding tactics of these species in different seasons. Lake whitefish supports important commercial fisheries in Lake Huron and both species make use of habitats near the Bruce Nuclear Power Development, on the eastern shore of Lake Huron. Most fish of both species showed generalist feeding behavior, but some lake whitefish appeared to show specialist prey selection. The invasive spiny water flea Bythotrephes longimanus was an important component of the diet of both species. There was considerable dietary overlap between the whitefish species, but the ecological implications of these dietary overlaps are mitigated by the fact that dominant prey species differed in most seasons. We conclude that the potential for ecologically significant interactions between lake whitefish and round whitefish resulting from competition for similar benthic food resources in the main basin of Lake Huron is probably low [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 109-117, 2010].展开更多
To encourage the environmental responsibility of consumers and manufacturers for forest management,it is necessary to evaluate the environmental influences of forest products.Ecological footprint(EF) is an internation...To encourage the environmental responsibility of consumers and manufacturers for forest management,it is necessary to evaluate the environmental influences of forest products.Ecological footprint(EF) is an internationally recognized indicator for estimating the natural capital consumption and environmental influences of various forest products.In this study,we developed an accounting model for the EF evaluation of wood flooring,which is a tertiary forest product,by the method of transformation.Next,we used that model to evaluate the EF of three types of wood flooring in China according to their production data from 2000 to 2018.We collected the necessary data by visiting typical enterprises in China and referring to the relevant literature.According to our results,the average EFs of solid wood flooring,engineered solid wood flooring and laminate flooring between 2000 to 2018 were 3.13×10^(6),1.05×10^(7) and 5.07×10^(6) gha,respectively.The total EFs of solid wood flooring,engineered solid wood flooring and laminate flooring from 2000 to 2018 were 5.95×10^(7),1.99×10^(8) and 9.64×10^(7 )gha,respectively.The coefficients of variation(CV) of the EFs for these three types of wood flooring were 0.45,0.87 and 0.76,respectively.The average and total EFs of the engineered solid wood flooring were the largest among the three types of wood flooring.The per capita EF and unit EF for the engineered solid wood flooring were also the highest among the three types of wood flooring.The EFs showed an upward trend with irregular fluctuations from 2000 to 2018 for all three types of wood flooring.It is necessary to reduce the EF of the engineered solid wood flooring and use more environmentally friendly products,such as solid wood flooring,for environmental protection.展开更多
Ecological impact of transgene flow into pop- ulations of wild/weedy relatives is associated with fitness effects in hybrid progeny. Most studies assessing fitness effects focus essentially on early-generation hybrid ...Ecological impact of transgene flow into pop- ulations of wild/weedy relatives is associated with fitness effects in hybrid progeny. Most studies assessing fitness effects focus essentially on early-generation hybrid progeny. However, whether the transgenes remain effective and durable in advanced generations of hybrid progeny remains unclear. We conducted a common garden experi- ment with Fs-F7 hybrid progeny derived from crosses between insect-resistant transgenic （Bt/CpTI） rice and weedy rice, to examine their insect resistance and fitness effects of transgenes on progeny. Hybrid progeny were grown under different insect pressures and cultivation modes where insect damage and fitness-related traits were measured in the same growth season. Plants with transgenes showed significantly lower insect damage （10 % vs. 32 %） and higher fecundity （551 vs. 392 seeds/plant） than those without transgenes in the efficacy of transgenes Fs-F7 populations, suggesting for insect resistance. Fitness benefits of the transgenes were similar among the Fs-F7 populations, indicating the stability of transgenic effects. A positive correlation between insect index and fecundity change was detected, stressing the important role of ambient insect pressures in assessing fitness effects caused by insect-resistance transgenes. Our results have important implications for assessing ecological impacts caused by transgene flow to wild/weedy relatives. For cost-effec- tiveness, the experimental estimation of fitness effects is probably sufficient based on data from hybrids in early generations. Given that fitness effects of insect-resistance transgenes are associated with ambient insect pressure, ecological risk assessment on transgene flow should consider this variable in experimental design, reasonably reflecting actual situations in wild/weedy populations.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Key Technology R&D Program of China(No.2006BAC11B05)
文摘Ballast water has been a topic of concern for some time because of its potential to introduce invasive species to new habitats. To comply with the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships' Ballast Water and Sediments, members of the International Maritime Organization(IMO) must equip their ships with on-board treatment systems to eliminate organism release with ballast water. There are many challenges associated with the implementation of this IMO guideline, one of which is the selection of species for testing the ecological impacts of the treated ballast water. In the United States, ballast water toxicity test methods have been defined by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. However, the test methods had not been finalized in China until the toxicity test methods for ballast water were established in 2008. The Chinese methods have been based on species from three trophic levels: Skeletonema costatum, Neomysis awatschensis, and Ctenogobius gymnauchen. All three species live in broad estuarine and open sea areas of China; they are sensitive to reference toxicants and acclimatize easily to different conditions. In this paper, the biological characteristics, test processes and statistical analysis methods are presented for the three species. Results indicate that the methods for evaluating these three organisms can be included in the ecological toxicity tests for treated ballast water in China.
基金Under the auspices of Nonprofit Environment Protection Specific Project of China(No.201209029-4)
文摘Awareness of the adverse ecological effects of road and other large construction projects has resulted in a rapidly growing demand to quantitatively predict and evaluate the effects on gene flow among plants and animals in natural habitats.In this study,we evaluated the effects of different road construction scenarios on animal species movement by using the methods of ecological landscape connectivity in the typical regions of Yunnan Province,China.The results showed landscape connectivity levels(Probability of Connectivity(PC))decreased after road construction and species with lower dispersal abilities were more affected to the subsequent habitat fragmentation.First level roads affected landscape connectivity most significantly.At a distance of 100 m,the PC index decreased more than 50%.Further analysis suggested that the use of landscape connectivity to assess landscape processes revealed the adverse effects on the species movement more effectively compared with the traditional landscape pattern analysis.In addition,we conducted a graph theory and a least-cost modeling discussion,it is obvious that they are powerful tools to represent and analyze landscape networks with respect to related species movement.Network analysis offers a quantitative and simple but effective tool for ecological process assessment and biological conservation on large scales.
基金part of a large, collaborative project (Whitefish Interactions with Nuclear Generating Stations, WINGS) involving the Chippewas of Nawash First Nation, the University of Guelph, Bruce Power, Inc.and Ontario Power Generation
文摘We collected lake whitefish Coregonus clupeaformis and round whitefish Prosopium cylindraceum from the main basin of Lake Huron and Georgian Bay in the Laurentian Great Lakes of North America to investigate details of diet and feeding tactics of these species in different seasons. Lake whitefish supports important commercial fisheries in Lake Huron and both species make use of habitats near the Bruce Nuclear Power Development, on the eastern shore of Lake Huron. Most fish of both species showed generalist feeding behavior, but some lake whitefish appeared to show specialist prey selection. The invasive spiny water flea Bythotrephes longimanus was an important component of the diet of both species. There was considerable dietary overlap between the whitefish species, but the ecological implications of these dietary overlaps are mitigated by the fact that dominant prey species differed in most seasons. We conclude that the potential for ecologically significant interactions between lake whitefish and round whitefish resulting from competition for similar benthic food resources in the main basin of Lake Huron is probably low [Current Zoology 56 （1）： 109-117, 2010].
基金The Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Non-profit Research Institution of CAF (CAFYBB2019MB002)The Project of the State Forestry Administration of the People’s Republic of China (2015-R04)。
文摘To encourage the environmental responsibility of consumers and manufacturers for forest management,it is necessary to evaluate the environmental influences of forest products.Ecological footprint(EF) is an internationally recognized indicator for estimating the natural capital consumption and environmental influences of various forest products.In this study,we developed an accounting model for the EF evaluation of wood flooring,which is a tertiary forest product,by the method of transformation.Next,we used that model to evaluate the EF of three types of wood flooring in China according to their production data from 2000 to 2018.We collected the necessary data by visiting typical enterprises in China and referring to the relevant literature.According to our results,the average EFs of solid wood flooring,engineered solid wood flooring and laminate flooring between 2000 to 2018 were 3.13×10^(6),1.05×10^(7) and 5.07×10^(6) gha,respectively.The total EFs of solid wood flooring,engineered solid wood flooring and laminate flooring from 2000 to 2018 were 5.95×10^(7),1.99×10^(8) and 9.64×10^(7 )gha,respectively.The coefficients of variation(CV) of the EFs for these three types of wood flooring were 0.45,0.87 and 0.76,respectively.The average and total EFs of the engineered solid wood flooring were the largest among the three types of wood flooring.The per capita EF and unit EF for the engineered solid wood flooring were also the highest among the three types of wood flooring.The EFs showed an upward trend with irregular fluctuations from 2000 to 2018 for all three types of wood flooring.It is necessary to reduce the EF of the engineered solid wood flooring and use more environmentally friendly products,such as solid wood flooring,for environmental protection.
基金supported by the the National Basic Research Program of China(2011CB100401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31330014,31271683)National Program of Development of Transgenic New Species of China(2013ZX08011-006)
文摘Ecological impact of transgene flow into pop- ulations of wild/weedy relatives is associated with fitness effects in hybrid progeny. Most studies assessing fitness effects focus essentially on early-generation hybrid progeny. However, whether the transgenes remain effective and durable in advanced generations of hybrid progeny remains unclear. We conducted a common garden experi- ment with Fs-F7 hybrid progeny derived from crosses between insect-resistant transgenic （Bt/CpTI） rice and weedy rice, to examine their insect resistance and fitness effects of transgenes on progeny. Hybrid progeny were grown under different insect pressures and cultivation modes where insect damage and fitness-related traits were measured in the same growth season. Plants with transgenes showed significantly lower insect damage （10 % vs. 32 %） and higher fecundity （551 vs. 392 seeds/plant） than those without transgenes in the efficacy of transgenes Fs-F7 populations, suggesting for insect resistance. Fitness benefits of the transgenes were similar among the Fs-F7 populations, indicating the stability of transgenic effects. A positive correlation between insect index and fecundity change was detected, stressing the important role of ambient insect pressures in assessing fitness effects caused by insect-resistance transgenes. Our results have important implications for assessing ecological impacts caused by transgene flow to wild/weedy relatives. For cost-effec- tiveness, the experimental estimation of fitness effects is probably sufficient based on data from hybrids in early generations. Given that fitness effects of insect-resistance transgenes are associated with ambient insect pressure, ecological risk assessment on transgene flow should consider this variable in experimental design, reasonably reflecting actual situations in wild/weedy populations.
