研究具有多包不确定性和有界噪声系统的动态输出反馈鲁棒模型预测控制(Robust model predictive control,RMPC)的离线方法.先前的在线方法中,在估计状态和估计误差集合已知的情况下,在每一采样时刻通过近似最优算法求解控制器参数.本文...研究具有多包不确定性和有界噪声系统的动态输出反馈鲁棒模型预测控制(Robust model predictive control,RMPC)的离线方法.先前的在线方法中,在估计状态和估计误差集合已知的情况下,在每一采样时刻通过近似最优算法求解控制器参数.本文采用先前的方法计算离线控制器参数和吸引域.首先,选定一系列估计状态,其中,每个估计状态对应同样一组嵌套的估计误差集合.然后,针对每一估计状态和每一估计误差集合的组合,离线计算唯一的控制器参数和对应的吸引域.这些控制器参数和对应的吸引域存储在表中.如果离线确定的吸引域包含实时的扩展状态,则该离线控制器参数是实时可行的.在线时,根据实时估计状态和选取实时估计误差集合,在表中搜索包含实时扩展状态且优化性能指标最小的吸引域所对应的控制器参数.通过连续搅拌釜式反应器控制系统验证了该方法的有效性.展开更多
Starting from the variable separation approach, the algebraic soliton solution and the solution describing the interaction between line soliton and algebraic soliton are obtained by selecting appropriate seed solution...Starting from the variable separation approach, the algebraic soliton solution and the solution describing the interaction between line soliton and algebraic soliton are obtained by selecting appropriate seed solution for （2＋1）-dimensional ANNV equation. The behaviors of interactions are discussed in detail both analytically and graphically. It is shown that there are two kinds of singular interactions between line soliton and algebraic soliton： 1） the resonant interaction where the algebraic soliton propagates together with the line soliton and persists infinitely; 2） the extremely repulsive interaction where the algebraic soliton affects the motion of the line soliton infinitely apart.展开更多
In the paper, the variable separation approach, homoclinic test technique and bilinear method are successfullyextended to a (1+1)-dimensional Caudry-Dodd-Gibbon-Sawada-Kortera (CDGSK) system, respectively.Basedon the ...In the paper, the variable separation approach, homoclinic test technique and bilinear method are successfullyextended to a (1+1)-dimensional Caudry-Dodd-Gibbon-Sawada-Kortera (CDGSK) system, respectively.Basedon the derived exact solutions, some significant types of localized excitations such as standing waves, periodic waves,solitary waves are simultaneously derived from the (1+1)-dimensional Caudry-Dodd-Gibbon-Sawada-Kortera systemby entrancing appropriate parameters.展开更多
A simulation of stratification and penetration was performed over a range of structural parameters that included screen width, aperture size, inclination angle, and wire diameter. The discrete element method （DEM） w...A simulation of stratification and penetration was performed over a range of structural parameters that included screen width, aperture size, inclination angle, and wire diameter. The discrete element method （DEM） was used for the simulations. The terms stratification and penetration are defined and the change in fine panicle concentration is discussed. Mathematical models relating fine particle ratio to time are established using the least squares method. The effect of structural parameters on fine panicle ratio is analyzed. Stratification and penetration rate are discussed by considering the time derivative of the fine panicle ratio. The conclusions are： an increase in inclination or wire diameter has a positive effect on par- ticle stratifying; The optimal screen width is 40 mm for panicle stratification; The inclination angle has a negative effect on the penetration; The effect of wire diameter and screen width on the penetration rate is negligible.展开更多
Copper tailings constitute a large proportion of mine wastes. Some of the copper tailings can be recycled to recover valuable minerals. In this paper, a copper tailing was studied through the chemical analysis method,...Copper tailings constitute a large proportion of mine wastes. Some of the copper tailings can be recycled to recover valuable minerals. In this paper, a copper tailing was studied through the chemical analysis method, Xray diffraction and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrum. It turned out that chalcopyrite(Cu) and pyrite(S) were the main recoverable minerals in the tailing. In order to separate chalcopyrite from pyrite in low pulp pH, ammonium humate(AH) was singled out as the effective regulator. The depression mechanism of AH on the flotation of pyrite was proved by FTIR spectrum and XPS spectrum, demonstrating that there was a chemical adsorption between AH and pyrite. By Response Surface Methodology(RSM), the interaction between AH, pulp pH and iso-butyl ethionine(Z200) was discussed. It was illustrated that the optimal dosage of AH was 1678 g·t^(-1) involving both the recovery of Cu and S. The point prediction by RSM and the closed-circuit flotation displayed that the qualified Cu concentrate and S concentrate could be obtained from the copper tailing.The study indicated that AH was a promising pyrite depressor in the low pulp pH from copper tailings.展开更多
Objective： To obtain high quality of mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） and carry out extra-long PCR （XL-PCR）. Methods： Mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation, and membranes were disrupted using 10%SDS...Objective： To obtain high quality of mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） and carry out extra-long PCR （XL-PCR）. Methods： Mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation, and membranes were disrupted using 10%SDS （pH 7.0）. mtDNA was then extracted using phenol and chloroform. Resuits： The mtDNA obtained by using our improved method can be used as effective template for XL-PCR, and total mtDNA （16 kb） can be amplified easily. Conclusion： Our improved method is effective in preparing high quality of mtDNA, which can be used as template for XL-PCR.展开更多
New classes of exact solutions of the quasi-linear diffusion-reaction equations are obtained by seeking for the high-order conditional Lie-Baeklund symmetries of the considered equations. The method used here extends ...New classes of exact solutions of the quasi-linear diffusion-reaction equations are obtained by seeking for the high-order conditional Lie-Baeklund symmetries of the considered equations. The method used here extends the approaches of derivative-dependent functional separation of variables and the invariant subspace. Behavior to some solutions such as blow-up and quenching is also described.展开更多
In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the...In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S^1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.展开更多
Under the underdetermined blind sources separation(UBSS) circumstance,it is difficult to estimate the mixing matrix with high-precision because of unknown sparsity of signals.The mixing matrix estimation is proposed b...Under the underdetermined blind sources separation(UBSS) circumstance,it is difficult to estimate the mixing matrix with high-precision because of unknown sparsity of signals.The mixing matrix estimation is proposed based on linear aggregation degree of signal scatter plot without knowing sparsity,and the linear aggregation degree evaluation of observed signals is presented which obeys generalized Gaussian distribution(GGD).Both the GGD shape parameter and the signals' correlation features affect the observation signals sparsity and further affected the directionality of time-frequency scatter plot.So a new mixing matrix estimation method is proposed for different sparsity degrees,which especially focuses on unclear directionality of scatter plot and weak linear aggregation degree.Firstly,the direction of coefficient scatter plot by time-frequency transform is improved and then the single source coefficients in the case of weak linear clustering is processed finally the improved K-means clustering is applied to achieve the estimation of mixing matrix.The proposed algorithm reduces the requirements of signals sparsity and independence,and the mixing matrix can be estimated with high accuracy.The simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm.展开更多
We present a systematic procedure to derive discrete analogues of integrable PDEs via Hirota’s bilinear method.This approach is mainly based on the compatibility between an integrable system and its B¨acklund tr...We present a systematic procedure to derive discrete analogues of integrable PDEs via Hirota’s bilinear method.This approach is mainly based on the compatibility between an integrable system and its B¨acklund transformation.We apply this procedure to several equations,including the extended Korteweg-deVries(Kd V)equation,the extended Kadomtsev-Petviashvili(KP)equation,the extended Boussinesq equation,the extended Sawada-Kotera(SK)equation and the extended Ito equation,and obtain their associated semidiscrete analogues.In the continuum limit,these differential-difference systems converge to their corresponding smooth equations.For these new integrable systems,their B¨acklund transformations and Lax pairs are derived.展开更多
A combination of the classical Newton Method and the multigrid method, i.e., a Newton multigrid method is given for solving quasilinear parabolic equations discretized by finite elements. The convergence of the algori...A combination of the classical Newton Method and the multigrid method, i.e., a Newton multigrid method is given for solving quasilinear parabolic equations discretized by finite elements. The convergence of the algorithm is obtained for only one step Newton iteration per level. The asymptotically computational cost for quasilinear parabolic problems is O（NNk） similar to multigrid method for linear parabolic problems.展开更多
文摘研究具有多包不确定性和有界噪声系统的动态输出反馈鲁棒模型预测控制(Robust model predictive control,RMPC)的离线方法.先前的在线方法中,在估计状态和估计误差集合已知的情况下,在每一采样时刻通过近似最优算法求解控制器参数.本文采用先前的方法计算离线控制器参数和吸引域.首先,选定一系列估计状态,其中,每个估计状态对应同样一组嵌套的估计误差集合.然后,针对每一估计状态和每一估计误差集合的组合,离线计算唯一的控制器参数和对应的吸引域.这些控制器参数和对应的吸引域存储在表中.如果离线确定的吸引域包含实时的扩展状态,则该离线控制器参数是实时可行的.在线时,根据实时估计状态和选取实时估计误差集合,在表中搜索包含实时扩展状态且优化性能指标最小的吸引域所对应的控制器参数.通过连续搅拌釜式反应器控制系统验证了该方法的有效性.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.10675065the Science Research Foundation of the Education Department of Zhejiang Province under Grant No.20070979+1 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province under Grant No.Y604036the State Key Laboratory of Oil/Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation\PLN0402
文摘Starting from the variable separation approach, the algebraic soliton solution and the solution describing the interaction between line soliton and algebraic soliton are obtained by selecting appropriate seed solution for （2＋1）-dimensional ANNV equation. The behaviors of interactions are discussed in detail both analytically and graphically. It is shown that there are two kinds of singular interactions between line soliton and algebraic soliton： 1） the resonant interaction where the algebraic soliton propagates together with the line soliton and persists infinitely; 2） the extremely repulsive interaction where the algebraic soliton affects the motion of the line soliton infinitely apart.
基金Supported the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province of China under Grant No.10151200501000008 the Special Foundation of Talent Engineering of Guangdong Province+2 种基金the Scientific Research Foundation of Key Discipline of Guangdong Shaoguan University under Grant No.KZ2009001the Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province of China under Grant Nos.Y604106 and Y606181the Foundation of New Century "151 Talent Engineering" of Zhejiang Province
文摘In the paper, the variable separation approach, homoclinic test technique and bilinear method are successfullyextended to a (1+1)-dimensional Caudry-Dodd-Gibbon-Sawada-Kortera (CDGSK) system, respectively.Basedon the derived exact solutions, some significant types of localized excitations such as standing waves, periodic waves,solitary waves are simultaneously derived from the (1+1)-dimensional Caudry-Dodd-Gibbon-Sawada-Kortera systemby entrancing appropriate parameters.
基金the Special Topic Fund of Key Science and Technology of Fujian Province (No. 2006HZ0002-2) for the financial support
文摘A simulation of stratification and penetration was performed over a range of structural parameters that included screen width, aperture size, inclination angle, and wire diameter. The discrete element method （DEM） was used for the simulations. The terms stratification and penetration are defined and the change in fine panicle concentration is discussed. Mathematical models relating fine particle ratio to time are established using the least squares method. The effect of structural parameters on fine panicle ratio is analyzed. Stratification and penetration rate are discussed by considering the time derivative of the fine panicle ratio. The conclusions are： an increase in inclination or wire diameter has a positive effect on par- ticle stratifying; The optimal screen width is 40 mm for panicle stratification; The inclination angle has a negative effect on the penetration; The effect of wire diameter and screen width on the penetration rate is negligible.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51202249)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(2011AA06A104)the National Science&Technology Pillar Program during the 12th Five-year Plan Period(2012BAB08B04)
文摘Copper tailings constitute a large proportion of mine wastes. Some of the copper tailings can be recycled to recover valuable minerals. In this paper, a copper tailing was studied through the chemical analysis method, Xray diffraction and scanning electron microscope-energy dispersive spectrum. It turned out that chalcopyrite(Cu) and pyrite(S) were the main recoverable minerals in the tailing. In order to separate chalcopyrite from pyrite in low pulp pH, ammonium humate(AH) was singled out as the effective regulator. The depression mechanism of AH on the flotation of pyrite was proved by FTIR spectrum and XPS spectrum, demonstrating that there was a chemical adsorption between AH and pyrite. By Response Surface Methodology(RSM), the interaction between AH, pulp pH and iso-butyl ethionine(Z200) was discussed. It was illustrated that the optimal dosage of AH was 1678 g·t^(-1) involving both the recovery of Cu and S. The point prediction by RSM and the closed-circuit flotation displayed that the qualified Cu concentrate and S concentrate could be obtained from the copper tailing.The study indicated that AH was a promising pyrite depressor in the low pulp pH from copper tailings.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. C30171030, C30472175)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 2004036014)
文摘Objective： To obtain high quality of mitochondrial DNA （mtDNA） and carry out extra-long PCR （XL-PCR）. Methods： Mitochondria were isolated by differential centrifugation, and membranes were disrupted using 10%SDS （pH 7.0）. mtDNA was then extracted using phenol and chloroform. Resuits： The mtDNA obtained by using our improved method can be used as effective template for XL-PCR, and total mtDNA （16 kb） can be amplified easily. Conclusion： Our improved method is effective in preparing high quality of mtDNA, which can be used as template for XL-PCR.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10671156the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Universities under Grant No. NCET-04-0968
文摘New classes of exact solutions of the quasi-linear diffusion-reaction equations are obtained by seeking for the high-order conditional Lie-Baeklund symmetries of the considered equations. The method used here extends the approaches of derivative-dependent functional separation of variables and the invariant subspace. Behavior to some solutions such as blow-up and quenching is also described.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No. 10576041)
文摘In order to diagnose the laser-produced plasmas, a focusing curved crystal spectrometer has been developed for measuring the X-ray lines radiated from a laser-produced plasmas. The design is based on the fact that the ray emitted from a source located at one focus of an ellipse will converge on the other focus by the reflection of the elliptical surface. The focal length and the eccentricity of the ellipse are 1350 mm and 0.9586, respectively. The spectrometer can be used to measure the X- ray lines in the wavelength range of 0.2-0.37 nm, and a LiF crystal （200） （2d = 0.4027 nm） is used as dispersive element covering Bragg angle from 30° to 67.5°. The spectrometer was tested on Shengnang- Ⅱ which can deliver laser energy of 60-80 J/pulse and the laser wavelength is 0.35 μm. Photographs of spectra including the 1 s2p ^1P1-1s^2 ^1S0 resonance line（w）, the 1s2p ^3P2-1s^2 1S0 magnetic quadrupole line（x）, the 1s2p ^3P1-1 s^2 ^1S0 intercombination lines（y）, the 1 s2p ^3S^1-1 s^2 ^1S0 forbidden line（z） in helium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅺ and the 1 s2s2p ^2P3/2-1 s622s ^2S1/2 line（q） in lithium-like Ti Ⅹ Ⅹhave been recorded with a X-ray CCD camera. The experimental result shows that the wavelength resolution（λ/△ 2） is above 1000 and the elliptical crystal spectrometer is suitable for X-ray spectroscopy.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51204145)Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province of China(No.2013203300)
文摘Under the underdetermined blind sources separation(UBSS) circumstance,it is difficult to estimate the mixing matrix with high-precision because of unknown sparsity of signals.The mixing matrix estimation is proposed based on linear aggregation degree of signal scatter plot without knowing sparsity,and the linear aggregation degree evaluation of observed signals is presented which obeys generalized Gaussian distribution(GGD).Both the GGD shape parameter and the signals' correlation features affect the observation signals sparsity and further affected the directionality of time-frequency scatter plot.So a new mixing matrix estimation method is proposed for different sparsity degrees,which especially focuses on unclear directionality of scatter plot and weak linear aggregation degree.Firstly,the direction of coefficient scatter plot by time-frequency transform is improved and then the single source coefficients in the case of weak linear clustering is processed finally the improved K-means clustering is applied to achieve the estimation of mixing matrix.The proposed algorithm reduces the requirements of signals sparsity and independence,and the mixing matrix can be estimated with high accuracy.The simulation results show the feasibility and effectiveness of the algorithm.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11331008 and 11201425)the Hong Kong Baptist University Faculty Research(Grant No.FRG2/11-12/065)the Hong Kong Research Grant Council(Grant No.GRF HKBU202512)
文摘We present a systematic procedure to derive discrete analogues of integrable PDEs via Hirota’s bilinear method.This approach is mainly based on the compatibility between an integrable system and its B¨acklund transformation.We apply this procedure to several equations,including the extended Korteweg-deVries(Kd V)equation,the extended Kadomtsev-Petviashvili(KP)equation,the extended Boussinesq equation,the extended Sawada-Kotera(SK)equation and the extended Ito equation,and obtain their associated semidiscrete analogues.In the continuum limit,these differential-difference systems converge to their corresponding smooth equations.For these new integrable systems,their B¨acklund transformations and Lax pairs are derived.
基金This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(10471011).
文摘A combination of the classical Newton Method and the multigrid method, i.e., a Newton multigrid method is given for solving quasilinear parabolic equations discretized by finite elements. The convergence of the algorithm is obtained for only one step Newton iteration per level. The asymptotically computational cost for quasilinear parabolic problems is O（NNk） similar to multigrid method for linear parabolic problems.
