This paper focuses on cultural influences on the effectiveness of organizational processes in companies. At this time, there is a predominant emphasis on culture-related differences of processes and workflows in compa...This paper focuses on cultural influences on the effectiveness of organizational processes in companies. At this time, there is a predominant emphasis on culture-related differences of processes and workflows in companies in the main body of articles on cross-cultural management research. This paper proposes an extension of these research efforts in that case that the different efficiencies of these processes, resulting from cultural influences, should be examined in more detail. Based on the beginnings of organizational theory and with practical examples, it has been already verified that cultural influences shape organizational structures as well as organizational processes. This kind of fact should lead to the assumption that these cultural influences should also create differences in their efficiency, depending on what kind of culture the companies are. These differences in efficiency can be regarded as opportunities for success from which further competitive advantages can be derived. As that the examination of differences in efficiency of processes is still a rarity in the field of cross-cultural management research this should be developed further.展开更多
The sustainable design approach presented in this paper supports an increased commitment to environmental stewardship and conservation, and results in an optimal balance of cost, environmental, societal, and human ben...The sustainable design approach presented in this paper supports an increased commitment to environmental stewardship and conservation, and results in an optimal balance of cost, environmental, societal, and human benefits while meeting the mission and function of the intended space structure. The aim of this paper is to develop the guidelines that could be applied in the design of a space structure in order to achieve the optimal overall lifetime performance of the space structure. Space structures are more than inanimate hunks of metal, glass and fabric. Every space structure that we design as structural engineers is like a child - a child that is conceived with a passionate vision of its form, structure and purpose; nurtured through the schematic design phase and the development of construction documents; and cared for during the labor pains of plan check corrections, requests for information, shop drawing review, and construction observation. Like children, our space structures mature, perform necessary functions during their lives, and eventually, grow old and die. The design of a sustainable space structure is a much more challenging and cross-disciplinary process than in the past and therefore it is necessary that the space structure is viewed as an integrated system and that all members of the design team work in a fully integrated fashion.展开更多
In contrast to the cries of human infants, sounds made by non-human infants in different stressful behavioral contexts （hunger or physical discomfort, isolation, capture by humans or predators） are usually treated a...In contrast to the cries of human infants, sounds made by non-human infants in different stressful behavioral contexts （hunger or physical discomfort, isolation, capture by humans or predators） are usually treated as distinct types of vocalizations. However, if distress vocalizations produced by different species and in different contexts share a common motivational state and associated neurochemical pathways, we can expect them to share a common acoustic structure and adaptive function, showing only limited variation that corresponds to the infant＇s level of arousal. Based on this premise, we review the acoustic structure and adaptive function of two types of distress calls, those given when infants were isolated from their mothers （isolation caUs） or captured by humans （capture calls）. We conducted a within-context comparison examining the two call types across a diverse se- lection of mammalian species and other vertebrate groups, followed by a comparison of how acoustic structure and function dif- fers between these contexts. In addition, we assessed acoustic traits that are critical to the response of caregivers. Across verte- brate species, distress vocalizations produced in these two behavioral contexts tend to be tonal with a simple chevron, flat or de- scending pattern of frequency modulation. Reports that both isolation and capture calls of vertebrate infants serve to attract care- givers are universal, and the fundamental frequency of infant vocalizations is often critical to this response. The results of our re- view are consistent with the hypothesis that differences in the acoustic structure of isolation and capture distress vocalizations re- flect differences in arousal, and not discrete functions. The similarity in acoustic structure and caregiver response observed across vertebrates adds support to the hypothesis that the production and processing of distress vocalizations are part of a highly-conserved system of social vocal behaviour in vertebrates. Bioacoustic research may move forward by recognizing the commonality among different forms of infant solicitations that attract caregivers, and the commonality of these solicitations with vocalizations that attract conspecifics in still other behavioral contexts [Current Zoology 58 （5）： 698-726, 2012].展开更多
Aiming at the storage and management problems of massive remote sensing data,this paper gives a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics and advantages of thirteen data storage centers or systems at home and abro...Aiming at the storage and management problems of massive remote sensing data,this paper gives a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics and advantages of thirteen data storage centers or systems at home and abroad. They mainly include the NASA EOS,World Wind,Google Earth,Google Maps,Bing Maps,Microsoft TerraServer,ESA,Earth Simulator,GeoEye,Map World,China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application,National Satellite Meteorological Centre,and National Satellite Ocean Application Service. By summing up the practical data storage and management technologies in terms of remote sensing data storage organization and storage architecture,it will be helpful to seek more suitable techniques and methods for massive remote sensing data storage and management.展开更多
Nanopores for DNA sequencing have drawn much attention due to their potentials to achieve amplification-free, low-cost, and high-throughput analysis of nuclei acids. The material configuration and fabrication of the n...Nanopores for DNA sequencing have drawn much attention due to their potentials to achieve amplification-free, low-cost, and high-throughput analysis of nuclei acids. The material configuration and fabrication of the nanopore has become one important consideration in the nanopore based DNA sequencing research. Among various materials, the newly emerged graphene has brought more opportunities to the development of sequencing technology because of its unique structures and properties. This review mainly focuses on the experimental aspects of graphene nanopore research including the nanopore fabrication methods and processes. Meanwhile, the challenges in the present graphene nanopore research including hydrophobicity, translocation velocity and noise are also addressed and discussed.展开更多
文摘This paper focuses on cultural influences on the effectiveness of organizational processes in companies. At this time, there is a predominant emphasis on culture-related differences of processes and workflows in companies in the main body of articles on cross-cultural management research. This paper proposes an extension of these research efforts in that case that the different efficiencies of these processes, resulting from cultural influences, should be examined in more detail. Based on the beginnings of organizational theory and with practical examples, it has been already verified that cultural influences shape organizational structures as well as organizational processes. This kind of fact should lead to the assumption that these cultural influences should also create differences in their efficiency, depending on what kind of culture the companies are. These differences in efficiency can be regarded as opportunities for success from which further competitive advantages can be derived. As that the examination of differences in efficiency of processes is still a rarity in the field of cross-cultural management research this should be developed further.
文摘The sustainable design approach presented in this paper supports an increased commitment to environmental stewardship and conservation, and results in an optimal balance of cost, environmental, societal, and human benefits while meeting the mission and function of the intended space structure. The aim of this paper is to develop the guidelines that could be applied in the design of a space structure in order to achieve the optimal overall lifetime performance of the space structure. Space structures are more than inanimate hunks of metal, glass and fabric. Every space structure that we design as structural engineers is like a child - a child that is conceived with a passionate vision of its form, structure and purpose; nurtured through the schematic design phase and the development of construction documents; and cared for during the labor pains of plan check corrections, requests for information, shop drawing review, and construction observation. Like children, our space structures mature, perform necessary functions during their lives, and eventually, grow old and die. The design of a sustainable space structure is a much more challenging and cross-disciplinary process than in the past and therefore it is necessary that the space structure is viewed as an integrated system and that all members of the design team work in a fully integrated fashion.
文摘In contrast to the cries of human infants, sounds made by non-human infants in different stressful behavioral contexts （hunger or physical discomfort, isolation, capture by humans or predators） are usually treated as distinct types of vocalizations. However, if distress vocalizations produced by different species and in different contexts share a common motivational state and associated neurochemical pathways, we can expect them to share a common acoustic structure and adaptive function, showing only limited variation that corresponds to the infant＇s level of arousal. Based on this premise, we review the acoustic structure and adaptive function of two types of distress calls, those given when infants were isolated from their mothers （isolation caUs） or captured by humans （capture calls）. We conducted a within-context comparison examining the two call types across a diverse se- lection of mammalian species and other vertebrate groups, followed by a comparison of how acoustic structure and function dif- fers between these contexts. In addition, we assessed acoustic traits that are critical to the response of caregivers. Across verte- brate species, distress vocalizations produced in these two behavioral contexts tend to be tonal with a simple chevron, flat or de- scending pattern of frequency modulation. Reports that both isolation and capture calls of vertebrate infants serve to attract care- givers are universal, and the fundamental frequency of infant vocalizations is often critical to this response. The results of our re- view are consistent with the hypothesis that differences in the acoustic structure of isolation and capture distress vocalizations re- flect differences in arousal, and not discrete functions. The similarity in acoustic structure and caregiver response observed across vertebrates adds support to the hypothesis that the production and processing of distress vocalizations are part of a highly-conserved system of social vocal behaviour in vertebrates. Bioacoustic research may move forward by recognizing the commonality among different forms of infant solicitations that attract caregivers, and the commonality of these solicitations with vocalizations that attract conspecifics in still other behavioral contexts [Current Zoology 58 （5）： 698-726, 2012].
基金supported by the National Basic Research Program of China ("973" Program) (Grant No.61399)
文摘Aiming at the storage and management problems of massive remote sensing data,this paper gives a comprehensive analysis of the characteristics and advantages of thirteen data storage centers or systems at home and abroad. They mainly include the NASA EOS,World Wind,Google Earth,Google Maps,Bing Maps,Microsoft TerraServer,ESA,Earth Simulator,GeoEye,Map World,China Centre for Resources Satellite Data and Application,National Satellite Meteorological Centre,and National Satellite Ocean Application Service. By summing up the practical data storage and management technologies in terms of remote sensing data storage organization and storage architecture,it will be helpful to seek more suitable techniques and methods for massive remote sensing data storage and management.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81471697)the Key Technology R&D Program of Hubei Province (2014BBB003)+1 种基金Yellow Crane Talent (Science & Technology) Program of Wuhan City and Applied Basic Research Program of Wuhan City (2016060101010044, 2016060101010048)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (2016YXMS253)
文摘Nanopores for DNA sequencing have drawn much attention due to their potentials to achieve amplification-free, low-cost, and high-throughput analysis of nuclei acids. The material configuration and fabrication of the nanopore has become one important consideration in the nanopore based DNA sequencing research. Among various materials, the newly emerged graphene has brought more opportunities to the development of sequencing technology because of its unique structures and properties. This review mainly focuses on the experimental aspects of graphene nanopore research including the nanopore fabrication methods and processes. Meanwhile, the challenges in the present graphene nanopore research including hydrophobicity, translocation velocity and noise are also addressed and discussed.
