利用Arduino单片机设计了一种绿植自动浇水系统,主要包括主控模块、LCD显示模块、按键调控模块、湿度检测模块、水泵模块及WI-FI模块,使整个系统加入物联网实现全自动化。该系统可以通过对土壤温湿度的检测来判断绿植的生长环境的现状,...利用Arduino单片机设计了一种绿植自动浇水系统,主要包括主控模块、LCD显示模块、按键调控模块、湿度检测模块、水泵模块及WI-FI模块,使整个系统加入物联网实现全自动化。该系统可以通过对土壤温湿度的检测来判断绿植的生长环境的现状,即缺水还是除湿。且用户可通过手动调节土壤湿度的阈值范围,LCD显示屏显示当前土壤温湿度等信息。当土壤湿度低于设定的阈值时,启动水泵进行抽水浇水,当浇水后的阈值在设定的湿度范围内时,停止浇水。WI-FI模块的加入使整个系统与物联网相连接,方便用户在手机端监控和操作。An automatic watering system for green plants is designed by using Arduino single chip microcomputer. It mainly includes main control module, LCD display module, key control module, humidity detection module, water pump module and WI-FI module, which makes the whole system join the Internet of Things to realize full automation. The system can judge the status of the growing environment of green plants through the detection of soil temperature and humidity, that is, water shortage or dehumidification. And the user can manually adjust the threshold range of soil moisture, LCD display screen displays the current soil temperature and humidity information. When the soil moisture is lower than the set threshold, the pump is started to pump water, and when the threshold after watering is within the set humidity range, the watering is stopped. The addition of the WI-FI module tries to connect the whole system with the Internet of Things, which is convenient for users to monitor and operate on the mobile phone.展开更多
With PVESM point of view, this study analyzed comprehensive functions of native plants, which including natural function, visual function, ecological function, social function and spiritual function, the advantages of...With PVESM point of view, this study analyzed comprehensive functions of native plants, which including natural function, visual function, ecological function, social function and spiritual function, the advantages of native plants in landscaping and the effects of it on human living environment were expounded. Based on analyzing the present situations of native plants in landscaping, the relative improvement measures were put forward.展开更多
Phylogenetic relationships of the 'higher' hamamelids were estimated based on nucleotide sequences of the non-coding region of chloroplast trnL-F. Twenty-five species were sampled, representing 24 genera of al...Phylogenetic relationships of the 'higher' hamamelids were estimated based on nucleotide sequences of the non-coding region of chloroplast trnL-F. Twenty-five species were sampled, representing 24 genera of all eight families of the 'higher' hamamelids. A parsimony analysis of data set indicated that the 'higher' hamamelids formed a strongly supported clade with 100% bootstrap value in the strict consensus tree. Nothofagus was the basal lineage and the Fagaceae was sister to a well-supported core 'higher' hamamelids clade containing Myricaceae, Rhoipteleaceae, Juglandaceae, Casuarinaceae, Ticodendraceae and Betulaceae. Three clades were recognized in the core ' higher' hamamelids: (1) Casuatina ( Ticodendron, ( Betu-laceae)), (2) Juglandaceae-Rhoipteleaceae, and (3) Myricaceae. Compared with the previous studies, familial relationships of the 'higher' hamamelids were better resolved.展开更多
Using plants to produce heterologous proteins makes it very attractive due to the potentially low costs. Using this procedure it is possible to produce medicinal protein for clinical applications with the plants biore...Using plants to produce heterologous proteins makes it very attractive due to the potentially low costs. Using this procedure it is possible to produce medicinal protein for clinical applications with the plants bioreactors increasing gradually. The paper proposes the five major systems of the plant bioreactor as well as their advantage and disadvantage and the development of each system. Focuses on the five major systems of the plant bioreactor to produce vaccines, antibodies and medical protein and the research achievement at the present stage and the research on my laboratory. The key technology research of plant bioreactor such as new genes, new biological components, new technologies and new research methods related with plant bioreactor offer a work foundation for a long-term development in future.展开更多
Global vegetation photosynthesis and productivity have increased substantially since the 1980s,but this trend is heterogeneous in both time and space.Here,we categorize the secular trend in global vegetation greenness...Global vegetation photosynthesis and productivity have increased substantially since the 1980s,but this trend is heterogeneous in both time and space.Here,we categorize the secular trend in global vegetation greenness into sustained greening,sustained browning and greening-to-browning.We found that by 2016,increased global vegetation greenness had begun to level off,with the area of browning increasing in the last decade,reaching 39.0 million km^(2)(35.9%of the world’s vegetated area).This area is larger than the area with sustained increasing growth(27.8 million km^(2),26.4%);thus,12.0%±3.1%(0.019±0.004 NDVI a^(-1))of the previous earlier increase has been offset since 2010(2010–2016,P<0.05).Global gross primary production also leveled off,following the trend in vegetation greenness in time and space.This leveling off was caused by increasing soil water limitations due to the spatial expansion of drought,whose impact dominated over the impacts of temperature and solar radiation.This response of global gross primary production to soil water limitation was not identified by land submodels within Earth system models.Our results provide empirical evidence that global vegetation greenness and primary production are offset by water stress and suggest that as global warming continues,land submodels may overestimate the world’s capacity to take up carbon with global vegetation greening.展开更多
Correct combination of plastid(cp)and nuclear(nr)DNA data for plant phylogenetic reconstructions is not a new issue,but with an increasing number of nrDNA loci being used,it is of ever greater practical concern.For ac...Correct combination of plastid(cp)and nuclear(nr)DNA data for plant phylogenetic reconstructions is not a new issue,but with an increasing number of nrDNA loci being used,it is of ever greater practical concern.For accurately reconstructing the phylogeny and evolutionary history of plant groups,correct treatment of phylogenetic incongruence is a vital step in the proper analysis of cpDNA and nrDNA data.We first evaluated the current status of analyzing cpDNA and nrDNA data by searching all articles published in the journal Systematic Botany between 2005 and 2011.Many studies combining cpDNA and nrDNA data did not rigorously assess the combinability of the data sets,or did not address in detail possible reasons for incongruence between the two data sets.By reviewing various methods,we outline a procedure to more accurately analyze and/or combine cpDNA and nrDNA data,which includes four steps:identifying significant incongruence,determining conflicting taxa,providing possible interpretations for incongruence,and reconstructing the phylogeny after treating incongruence.Particular attention is given to explanation of the cause of incongruence.We hope that our procedure will help raise awareness of the importance of rigorous analysis and help identify the cause of incongruence before combining cpDNA and nrDNA data.展开更多
文摘利用Arduino单片机设计了一种绿植自动浇水系统,主要包括主控模块、LCD显示模块、按键调控模块、湿度检测模块、水泵模块及WI-FI模块,使整个系统加入物联网实现全自动化。该系统可以通过对土壤温湿度的检测来判断绿植的生长环境的现状,即缺水还是除湿。且用户可通过手动调节土壤湿度的阈值范围,LCD显示屏显示当前土壤温湿度等信息。当土壤湿度低于设定的阈值时,启动水泵进行抽水浇水,当浇水后的阈值在设定的湿度范围内时,停止浇水。WI-FI模块的加入使整个系统与物联网相连接,方便用户在手机端监控和操作。An automatic watering system for green plants is designed by using Arduino single chip microcomputer. It mainly includes main control module, LCD display module, key control module, humidity detection module, water pump module and WI-FI module, which makes the whole system join the Internet of Things to realize full automation. The system can judge the status of the growing environment of green plants through the detection of soil temperature and humidity, that is, water shortage or dehumidification. And the user can manually adjust the threshold range of soil moisture, LCD display screen displays the current soil temperature and humidity information. When the soil moisture is lower than the set threshold, the pump is started to pump water, and when the threshold after watering is within the set humidity range, the watering is stopped. The addition of the WI-FI module tries to connect the whole system with the Internet of Things, which is convenient for users to monitor and operate on the mobile phone.
文摘With PVESM point of view, this study analyzed comprehensive functions of native plants, which including natural function, visual function, ecological function, social function and spiritual function, the advantages of native plants in landscaping and the effects of it on human living environment were expounded. Based on analyzing the present situations of native plants in landscaping, the relative improvement measures were put forward.
文摘Phylogenetic relationships of the 'higher' hamamelids were estimated based on nucleotide sequences of the non-coding region of chloroplast trnL-F. Twenty-five species were sampled, representing 24 genera of all eight families of the 'higher' hamamelids. A parsimony analysis of data set indicated that the 'higher' hamamelids formed a strongly supported clade with 100% bootstrap value in the strict consensus tree. Nothofagus was the basal lineage and the Fagaceae was sister to a well-supported core 'higher' hamamelids clade containing Myricaceae, Rhoipteleaceae, Juglandaceae, Casuarinaceae, Ticodendraceae and Betulaceae. Three clades were recognized in the core ' higher' hamamelids: (1) Casuatina ( Ticodendron, ( Betu-laceae)), (2) Juglandaceae-Rhoipteleaceae, and (3) Myricaceae. Compared with the previous studies, familial relationships of the 'higher' hamamelids were better resolved.
基金National Ministry of Science and Technology "836" Project grant number:2007AA100503
文摘Using plants to produce heterologous proteins makes it very attractive due to the potentially low costs. Using this procedure it is possible to produce medicinal protein for clinical applications with the plants bioreactors increasing gradually. The paper proposes the five major systems of the plant bioreactor as well as their advantage and disadvantage and the development of each system. Focuses on the five major systems of the plant bioreactor to produce vaccines, antibodies and medical protein and the research achievement at the present stage and the research on my laboratory. The key technology research of plant bioreactor such as new genes, new biological components, new technologies and new research methods related with plant bioreactor offer a work foundation for a long-term development in future.
基金the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFA0604700)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(41722104)+3 种基金the Key Research Project of Chinese Academy of Sciences(QYZDY-SSWDQC025 and 2019DC0027)supported by the European Research Council Synergy(ERC-2013-Sy G-610028 IMBALANCE-P)the Spanish Government(CGL2016-79835)the Catalan Government(SGR 2017-1005)。
文摘Global vegetation photosynthesis and productivity have increased substantially since the 1980s,but this trend is heterogeneous in both time and space.Here,we categorize the secular trend in global vegetation greenness into sustained greening,sustained browning and greening-to-browning.We found that by 2016,increased global vegetation greenness had begun to level off,with the area of browning increasing in the last decade,reaching 39.0 million km^(2)(35.9%of the world’s vegetated area).This area is larger than the area with sustained increasing growth(27.8 million km^(2),26.4%);thus,12.0%±3.1%(0.019±0.004 NDVI a^(-1))of the previous earlier increase has been offset since 2010(2010–2016,P<0.05).Global gross primary production also leveled off,following the trend in vegetation greenness in time and space.This leveling off was caused by increasing soil water limitations due to the spatial expansion of drought,whose impact dominated over the impacts of temperature and solar radiation.This response of global gross primary production to soil water limitation was not identified by land submodels within Earth system models.Our results provide empirical evidence that global vegetation greenness and primary production are offset by water stress and suggest that as global warming continues,land submodels may overestimate the world’s capacity to take up carbon with global vegetation greening.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31270269,30800059,30990241)the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (KSCX2-EW-Z-2)
文摘Correct combination of plastid(cp)and nuclear(nr)DNA data for plant phylogenetic reconstructions is not a new issue,but with an increasing number of nrDNA loci being used,it is of ever greater practical concern.For accurately reconstructing the phylogeny and evolutionary history of plant groups,correct treatment of phylogenetic incongruence is a vital step in the proper analysis of cpDNA and nrDNA data.We first evaluated the current status of analyzing cpDNA and nrDNA data by searching all articles published in the journal Systematic Botany between 2005 and 2011.Many studies combining cpDNA and nrDNA data did not rigorously assess the combinability of the data sets,or did not address in detail possible reasons for incongruence between the two data sets.By reviewing various methods,we outline a procedure to more accurately analyze and/or combine cpDNA and nrDNA data,which includes four steps:identifying significant incongruence,determining conflicting taxa,providing possible interpretations for incongruence,and reconstructing the phylogeny after treating incongruence.Particular attention is given to explanation of the cause of incongruence.We hope that our procedure will help raise awareness of the importance of rigorous analysis and help identify the cause of incongruence before combining cpDNA and nrDNA data.
