目的:为药物体外肝代谢研究方法在新药研发中的应用提供参考。方法:以"药物代谢""体外肝代谢""肝微粒体体外温孵法""肝细胞体外温孵法""肝灌流技术""肝组织切片技术""...目的:为药物体外肝代谢研究方法在新药研发中的应用提供参考。方法:以"药物代谢""体外肝代谢""肝微粒体体外温孵法""肝细胞体外温孵法""肝灌流技术""肝组织切片技术""基因重组P_(450)酶系""Drug metabolism""Liver metabolism in vitro""Metabolism of liver microsome in vitro""Liver perfusion technique""Liver biopsy technique""Recombination genetic cytochrome P_(450)"等为关键词,组合查询1996年10月-2017年4月在Pub Med、Web of Science、中国知网、中国生物医学等数据库中的相关文献,对体外肝代谢研究方法进行综述。结果与结论:共检索到相关英文文献220余篇、中文文献750余篇,其中有效文献30篇。常见的体外肝代谢研究方法有肝微粒体体外温孵法、肝细胞体外温孵法、肝灌流技术、肝组织切片技术、基因重组P_(450)酶系等。药物体外肝代谢不能全面反映体内药物的综合代谢情况,与体内的真实代谢情况存在差异,今后需结合体内实验等方法来完善药物在体内外的药物代谢转运研究;目前肝灌流技术和基因重组P_(450)酶系等体外肝代谢研究方法对设备、实验操作成本、数据处理技术等要求较高,其运用和推广仍然受到一定的约束和限制,今后需建立简单、快速、经济、高效的科学技术方法和手段。展开更多
AIM:To determine end-stage pathologic changes in the liver of septic patients dying in the intensive care unit. METHODS: Needle liver biopsies obtained immediately after death from 15 consecutive patients with sepsis ...AIM:To determine end-stage pathologic changes in the liver of septic patients dying in the intensive care unit. METHODS: Needle liver biopsies obtained immediately after death from 15 consecutive patients with sepsis and no underlying liver disease were subjected to routine histological examination. Liver function tests and clinical monitoring measurements were also recorded. RESULTS: Liver biochemistries were increased in the majority of patients before death. Histology of liver bi- opsy specimens showed portal inflammation in 73.3%, centrilobular necrosis in 80%, lobular inflammation in 66.7%, hepatocellular apoptosis in 66.6% and cholan- gitis/cholangiolitis in 20% of patients. Mixed hepatitic/ cholestatic type of liver injury was observed in 6/15 (40%) patients and hepatitc in 9/15 (60%). Steatosis was ob- served in 11/15 (73.3%) patients affecting 5%-80% of liver parenchyma. Among the histological features, the presence of portal inflammation in liver biopsy was as- sociated with increased hospitalization in the ICU prior death (P = 0.026). CONCLUSION: Features of hepatitis and steatosis arethe main histological findings in the liver in the majority of patients dying from sepsis.展开更多
Liver biopsy is considered the most accurate means to estimate the necroinflammatory activity and the extent of fibrosis. However, histology evaluation is an invasive procedure associated with risk to the patient, ris...Liver biopsy is considered the most accurate means to estimate the necroinflammatory activity and the extent of fibrosis. However, histology evaluation is an invasive procedure associated with risk to the patient, risk of sampling error and diagnostic inconsistencies due to inter- and intra-observer error. On the basis of histological studies performed so far, chronic hepatitis C in children appears morphologically benign in the majority of cases. At the Pediatric Liver Unit of our university, a total of 67 children with chronic hepatitis C underwent liver biopsy. Liver biopsy was repeated 5.5 years after the initial histological evaluation in 21 children. On a total number of 88 liver biopsies, micronodular cirrhosis was detected only in one genotype 1b-infected obese child. Since liver histology investigation of a child with chronic hepatitis C has few chances to highlight severe lesions, we question how liver biopsy helps in the management of children with chronic hepatitis C.展开更多
AIM： To develop a method of labeling and microdissecting mouse Kupffer cells within an extraordinarily short period of time using laser capture microdissection （LCM）. METHODS： Tissues are complex structures compri...AIM： To develop a method of labeling and microdissecting mouse Kupffer cells within an extraordinarily short period of time using laser capture microdissection （LCM）. METHODS： Tissues are complex structures comprised of a heterogeneous population of interconnected cells. LCM offers a method of isolating a single cell type from specific regions of a tissue section. LCM is an essential approach used in conjunction with molecular analysis to study the functional interaction of cells in their native tissue environment. The process of labeling and acquiring cells by LCM prior to mRNA isolation can be elaborate, thereby subjecting the RNA to considerable degradation. Kupffer cell labeling is achieved by injecting India ink intravenously, thus circumventing the need for in vitro staining. The significance of this novel approach was validated using a cholestatic liver injury model. RESULTS： mRNA extracted from the microdissected cell population displayed marked increases in colonystimulating factor-1 receptor and Kupffer cell receptor message expression, which demonstrated Kupffer cell enrichment. Gene expression by Kupffer ceils derived from bile-duct-ligated, versus sham-operated, mice was compared. Microarray analysis revealed a significant （2.5-fold, q value 〈 10） change in 493 genes. Based on this fold-change and a standardized PubMed search, 10 genes were identified that were relevant to the ability of Kupffer cells to suppress liver injury. CONCLUSION; The methodology outlined herein provides an approach to isolating high quality RNA from Kupffer cells, without altering the tissue integrity.展开更多
文摘目的:为药物体外肝代谢研究方法在新药研发中的应用提供参考。方法:以"药物代谢""体外肝代谢""肝微粒体体外温孵法""肝细胞体外温孵法""肝灌流技术""肝组织切片技术""基因重组P_(450)酶系""Drug metabolism""Liver metabolism in vitro""Metabolism of liver microsome in vitro""Liver perfusion technique""Liver biopsy technique""Recombination genetic cytochrome P_(450)"等为关键词,组合查询1996年10月-2017年4月在Pub Med、Web of Science、中国知网、中国生物医学等数据库中的相关文献,对体外肝代谢研究方法进行综述。结果与结论:共检索到相关英文文献220余篇、中文文献750余篇,其中有效文献30篇。常见的体外肝代谢研究方法有肝微粒体体外温孵法、肝细胞体外温孵法、肝灌流技术、肝组织切片技术、基因重组P_(450)酶系等。药物体外肝代谢不能全面反映体内药物的综合代谢情况,与体内的真实代谢情况存在差异,今后需结合体内实验等方法来完善药物在体内外的药物代谢转运研究;目前肝灌流技术和基因重组P_(450)酶系等体外肝代谢研究方法对设备、实验操作成本、数据处理技术等要求较高,其运用和推广仍然受到一定的约束和限制,今后需建立简单、快速、经济、高效的科学技术方法和手段。
文摘AIM:To determine end-stage pathologic changes in the liver of septic patients dying in the intensive care unit. METHODS: Needle liver biopsies obtained immediately after death from 15 consecutive patients with sepsis and no underlying liver disease were subjected to routine histological examination. Liver function tests and clinical monitoring measurements were also recorded. RESULTS: Liver biochemistries were increased in the majority of patients before death. Histology of liver bi- opsy specimens showed portal inflammation in 73.3%, centrilobular necrosis in 80%, lobular inflammation in 66.7%, hepatocellular apoptosis in 66.6% and cholan- gitis/cholangiolitis in 20% of patients. Mixed hepatitic/ cholestatic type of liver injury was observed in 6/15 (40%) patients and hepatitc in 9/15 (60%). Steatosis was ob- served in 11/15 (73.3%) patients affecting 5%-80% of liver parenchyma. Among the histological features, the presence of portal inflammation in liver biopsy was as- sociated with increased hospitalization in the ICU prior death (P = 0.026). CONCLUSION: Features of hepatitis and steatosis arethe main histological findings in the liver in the majority of patients dying from sepsis.
文摘Liver biopsy is considered the most accurate means to estimate the necroinflammatory activity and the extent of fibrosis. However, histology evaluation is an invasive procedure associated with risk to the patient, risk of sampling error and diagnostic inconsistencies due to inter- and intra-observer error. On the basis of histological studies performed so far, chronic hepatitis C in children appears morphologically benign in the majority of cases. At the Pediatric Liver Unit of our university, a total of 67 children with chronic hepatitis C underwent liver biopsy. Liver biopsy was repeated 5.5 years after the initial histological evaluation in 21 children. On a total number of 88 liver biopsies, micronodular cirrhosis was detected only in one genotype 1b-infected obese child. Since liver histology investigation of a child with chronic hepatitis C has few chances to highlight severe lesions, we question how liver biopsy helps in the management of children with chronic hepatitis C.
基金Supported by NIH Grant DK068097funds provided by Rhode Island Hospital+1 种基金the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft grant (DFG) grant GE1193/1-1NIH COBRE Award (RR-P20 RR17695)
文摘AIM： To develop a method of labeling and microdissecting mouse Kupffer cells within an extraordinarily short period of time using laser capture microdissection （LCM）. METHODS： Tissues are complex structures comprised of a heterogeneous population of interconnected cells. LCM offers a method of isolating a single cell type from specific regions of a tissue section. LCM is an essential approach used in conjunction with molecular analysis to study the functional interaction of cells in their native tissue environment. The process of labeling and acquiring cells by LCM prior to mRNA isolation can be elaborate, thereby subjecting the RNA to considerable degradation. Kupffer cell labeling is achieved by injecting India ink intravenously, thus circumventing the need for in vitro staining. The significance of this novel approach was validated using a cholestatic liver injury model. RESULTS： mRNA extracted from the microdissected cell population displayed marked increases in colonystimulating factor-1 receptor and Kupffer cell receptor message expression, which demonstrated Kupffer cell enrichment. Gene expression by Kupffer ceils derived from bile-duct-ligated, versus sham-operated, mice was compared. Microarray analysis revealed a significant （2.5-fold, q value 〈 10） change in 493 genes. Based on this fold-change and a standardized PubMed search, 10 genes were identified that were relevant to the ability of Kupffer cells to suppress liver injury. CONCLUSION; The methodology outlined herein provides an approach to isolating high quality RNA from Kupffer cells, without altering the tissue integrity.
