The objectives of this study were to isolate a bensulfuron-methyl （BSM）-degrading strain of Bacillus spp. and to evaluate its effectiveness in remediation of a BSM-contaminated soil. A BSM-degrading bacterium, strai...The objectives of this study were to isolate a bensulfuron-methyl （BSM）-degrading strain of Bacillus spp. and to evaluate its effectiveness in remediation of a BSM-contaminated soil. A BSM-degrading bacterium, strain L1, was successfully isolated in this study. Strain L1 was identified as Bacillus megaterium based on its morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties, G＋C content, phylogenetie similarity of 16S rDNA, and fatty acid composition. Two experiments were used to examine BSM degradation by strain L1. When BSM was used as a sole carbon source in a mineral salt medium, the average degradation rate of BSM by strain L1 was 12.8%, which suggested that the strain was able to utilize BSM as a sole carbon and energy source. Supplement of yeast extract （200 mg L^-1） significantly （P ≤ 0.01） accelerated the degradation of BSM by strain L1. Ahnost complete degradation （97.7%） of BSM could be achieved in 84 h with addition of yeast extract. In addition, in a sterile soil with 50 mg L^-1 BSM, BSM degradation rate by strain L1 was 94.3% in 42 d, indicating the potential of using microbes for the remediation of BSM-contaminated soils in fields.展开更多
This paper aims to analyze the development of auditing. It is found that auditing has evolved through a number of stages. In the mid 1800s to early 1900s, the audit practice was considered as ＂traditional conformance...This paper aims to analyze the development of auditing. It is found that auditing has evolved through a number of stages. In the mid 1800s to early 1900s, the audit practice was considered as ＂traditional conformance role of auditing＂. However, for the past 30 years, the auditor has been playing an ＂enhancing role＂. Today, auditors are expected not only to enhance the credibility of the financial statement, but also to provide value-added services. Nevertheless, following extensive reform in various countries as a result of the collapse of big corporations, it is expected that the role of auditors will converge. It is evident that the paradigm about auditing has shifted over the years and it is likely to continue shifting in the future.展开更多
基金Project supported by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program)(No. 2007AA06Z329)the Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province (Nos. 2007C23036 and 2008C13014-3)the International Cooperation Program in Science and Technology of Zhejiang Province (No. 2008C14038)
文摘The objectives of this study were to isolate a bensulfuron-methyl （BSM）-degrading strain of Bacillus spp. and to evaluate its effectiveness in remediation of a BSM-contaminated soil. A BSM-degrading bacterium, strain L1, was successfully isolated in this study. Strain L1 was identified as Bacillus megaterium based on its morphological, physiological, and biochemical properties, G＋C content, phylogenetie similarity of 16S rDNA, and fatty acid composition. Two experiments were used to examine BSM degradation by strain L1. When BSM was used as a sole carbon source in a mineral salt medium, the average degradation rate of BSM by strain L1 was 12.8%, which suggested that the strain was able to utilize BSM as a sole carbon and energy source. Supplement of yeast extract （200 mg L^-1） significantly （P ≤ 0.01） accelerated the degradation of BSM by strain L1. Ahnost complete degradation （97.7%） of BSM could be achieved in 84 h with addition of yeast extract. In addition, in a sterile soil with 50 mg L^-1 BSM, BSM degradation rate by strain L1 was 94.3% in 42 d, indicating the potential of using microbes for the remediation of BSM-contaminated soils in fields.
文摘This paper aims to analyze the development of auditing. It is found that auditing has evolved through a number of stages. In the mid 1800s to early 1900s, the audit practice was considered as ＂traditional conformance role of auditing＂. However, for the past 30 years, the auditor has been playing an ＂enhancing role＂. Today, auditors are expected not only to enhance the credibility of the financial statement, but also to provide value-added services. Nevertheless, following extensive reform in various countries as a result of the collapse of big corporations, it is expected that the role of auditors will converge. It is evident that the paradigm about auditing has shifted over the years and it is likely to continue shifting in the future.
