Based on the characteristics of ATM system and the special requirement of financial transaction, an overall design of hardware and software structure of ATM was made. For software structure, the pattern of modules and...Based on the characteristics of ATM system and the special requirement of financial transaction, an overall design of hardware and software structure of ATM was made. For software structure, the pattern of modules and table? drive is adopted to realize the security of financial transaction and the diagnosis of communication fault. A new method, which is based on the application layer, transport layer and network layer, is used for diagnosing communication fault. Supporting both magnetic card and IC card, the system has been put into use in real financial systems, and has brought about both economic and social effects.展开更多
AIM:To review safety,efficacy,and proper nursing care of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) in pediatric patients with small intestinal disease.METHODS:Our study included 37 patients with abdominal pain,diarrhea,passage...AIM:To review safety,efficacy,and proper nursing care of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) in pediatric patients with small intestinal disease.METHODS:Our study included 37 patients with abdominal pain,diarrhea,passage of blood in the stools,and other symptoms,who underwent DBE from December 2006 to July 2010.DBE was retrograde in 36 procedures,antegrade in six,and from both ends in five.The diagnostic significance and salient points in nursing care are discussed in this article.RESULTS:At least one lesion was discovered in 28 out of 37 patients,which yielded a positive diagnosis in 75.7% of cases.Good bowel preparation and skilled nursing care not only shortened the procedure time,but could also alleviate patient discomfort and enhance the quality of examination.No serious procedure-related complications were observed in any cases.CONCLUSION:DBE is a new modality of endoscopic procedure that improves the standard of diagnosis and treatment of small bowel diseases in children.Good nursing care is essential to the successful execution of the procedure.展开更多
AIM: To evaluate if the guidelines for the appro-priateness of performing colonoscopy by American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (AGSE) and Italian Society of Digestive Endoscopy (SIED) yield a good diagnostic...AIM: To evaluate if the guidelines for the appro-priateness of performing colonoscopy by American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (AGSE) and Italian Society of Digestive Endoscopy (SIED) yield a good diagnostic efficacy and do not present risks of missing important colonic pathologies in an Italian population sample.METHODS: A total of 1017 consecutive patients (560 men and 457 women; mean age 64.4 ± 16 years) referred to an open-access endoscopy unit for colonoscopy from July 2004 to May 2006 were evaluated according to ASGE and SIED guidelines for appropriateness of performing the procedure. Diagnostic yield was defined as the percentage of relevant colonic pathologies of the total number of colonoscopies performed.RESULTS: About 85.2% patients underwent colono-scopy that was considered appropriate based on at least one ASGE or SIED criterion, while it was considered inappropriate for 14.8% of patients. The diagnostic yield of colonoscopy was significantly higher for appropriate colonoscopies (26.94% vs 10.6%, P < 0.001) than for inappropriate colonoscopies (5.3%). There was no missed colorectal cancer following the ASGE/SIED criteria.CONCLUSION: ASGE/SIED guidelines have shown a good diagnostic yield and the rate of missing relevant colonic pathologies seems very low. Unfortunately, the percentage of inappropriate referrals for colonoscopy in an open-access endoscopy system is still high, despite the number of papers published on the issue and the definition of international guidelines. Further steps are required to update and standardize the guidelines to increase their diffusion and to promote educational programs for general practitioners.展开更多
文摘Based on the characteristics of ATM system and the special requirement of financial transaction, an overall design of hardware and software structure of ATM was made. For software structure, the pattern of modules and table? drive is adopted to realize the security of financial transaction and the diagnosis of communication fault. A new method, which is based on the application layer, transport layer and network layer, is used for diagnosing communication fault. Supporting both magnetic card and IC card, the system has been put into use in real financial systems, and has brought about both economic and social effects.
文摘AIM:To review safety,efficacy,and proper nursing care of double-balloon enteroscopy (DBE) in pediatric patients with small intestinal disease.METHODS:Our study included 37 patients with abdominal pain,diarrhea,passage of blood in the stools,and other symptoms,who underwent DBE from December 2006 to July 2010.DBE was retrograde in 36 procedures,antegrade in six,and from both ends in five.The diagnostic significance and salient points in nursing care are discussed in this article.RESULTS:At least one lesion was discovered in 28 out of 37 patients,which yielded a positive diagnosis in 75.7% of cases.Good bowel preparation and skilled nursing care not only shortened the procedure time,but could also alleviate patient discomfort and enhance the quality of examination.No serious procedure-related complications were observed in any cases.CONCLUSION:DBE is a new modality of endoscopic procedure that improves the standard of diagnosis and treatment of small bowel diseases in children.Good nursing care is essential to the successful execution of the procedure.
文摘AIM: To evaluate if the guidelines for the appro-priateness of performing colonoscopy by American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy (AGSE) and Italian Society of Digestive Endoscopy (SIED) yield a good diagnostic efficacy and do not present risks of missing important colonic pathologies in an Italian population sample.METHODS: A total of 1017 consecutive patients (560 men and 457 women; mean age 64.4 ± 16 years) referred to an open-access endoscopy unit for colonoscopy from July 2004 to May 2006 were evaluated according to ASGE and SIED guidelines for appropriateness of performing the procedure. Diagnostic yield was defined as the percentage of relevant colonic pathologies of the total number of colonoscopies performed.RESULTS: About 85.2% patients underwent colono-scopy that was considered appropriate based on at least one ASGE or SIED criterion, while it was considered inappropriate for 14.8% of patients. The diagnostic yield of colonoscopy was significantly higher for appropriate colonoscopies (26.94% vs 10.6%, P < 0.001) than for inappropriate colonoscopies (5.3%). There was no missed colorectal cancer following the ASGE/SIED criteria.CONCLUSION: ASGE/SIED guidelines have shown a good diagnostic yield and the rate of missing relevant colonic pathologies seems very low. Unfortunately, the percentage of inappropriate referrals for colonoscopy in an open-access endoscopy system is still high, despite the number of papers published on the issue and the definition of international guidelines. Further steps are required to update and standardize the guidelines to increase their diffusion and to promote educational programs for general practitioners.
