A profound understanding of the costs to perform condition assessment on buried drinking water pipeline infrastructure is required for enhanced asset management. Toward this end, an automated and uniform method of col...A profound understanding of the costs to perform condition assessment on buried drinking water pipeline infrastructure is required for enhanced asset management. Toward this end, an automated and uniform method of collecting cost data can provide water utilities a means for viewing, understanding, interpreting and visualizing complex geographically referenced cost information to reveal data relationships, patterns and trends. However, there has been no standard data model that allows automated data collection and interoperability across platforms. The primary objective of this research is to develop a standard cost data model for drinking water pipeline condition assessment projects and to conflate disparate datasets from differing utilities. The capabilities of this model will be further demonstrated through performing trend analyses. Field mapping files will be generated from the standard data model and demonstrated in an interactive web map created using Google Maps API （application programming interface） for JavaScript that allows the user to toggle project examples and to perform regional comparisons. The aggregation of standardized data and further use in mapping applications will help in providing timely access to condition assessment cost information and resources that will lead to enhanced asset management and resource allocation for drinking water utilities.展开更多
It is important to obtain a considerable quantity of DNA from oligotrophic environments such as a drinking water distribution system(DWDS)to study microbial communities by molecular biotechnology,and DNA yield is alwa...It is important to obtain a considerable quantity of DNA from oligotrophic environments such as a drinking water distribution system(DWDS)to study microbial communities by molecular biotechnology,and DNA yield is always one of the biggest problems when performing metagenomic sequencing on drinking water samples.To obtain as many microbes as possible,ultrasound has been widely used in cell detachment,but studies on the optimal ultrasonic parameters for biofilm in DWDS have rarely been seen.The effects of three ultrasonic parameters,including power,duration,and the number of ultrasound treatments(USTs)on the selected monoculture bacteria(Pelomonas sp.)biofilm were studied first.Then the optimal values of each ultrasonic parameter were initially determined.Based on these values,three levels of each ultrasonic parameter were selected,and then an orthogonal experiment was conducted to further study drinking water biofilm,and finally the optimal ultrasonic parameters for the effective separation of biofilm cells in DWDS were determined.The results showed that the optimal ultrasonic power,duration,and the number of USTs are 13 W,1 min,and 15,respectively.A 20-min interval is needed between two USTs.The present optimal UST,which does not lose DNA quality,can increase the amount of extractable DNA by at least 4.78 times compared to samples without UST.This study provides a pretreatment methodology for extracting more and reliable DNA from biofilm in DWDS,and can better solve the problem of DNA collection in oligotrophic environments.展开更多
文摘A profound understanding of the costs to perform condition assessment on buried drinking water pipeline infrastructure is required for enhanced asset management. Toward this end, an automated and uniform method of collecting cost data can provide water utilities a means for viewing, understanding, interpreting and visualizing complex geographically referenced cost information to reveal data relationships, patterns and trends. However, there has been no standard data model that allows automated data collection and interoperability across platforms. The primary objective of this research is to develop a standard cost data model for drinking water pipeline condition assessment projects and to conflate disparate datasets from differing utilities. The capabilities of this model will be further demonstrated through performing trend analyses. Field mapping files will be generated from the standard data model and demonstrated in an interactive web map created using Google Maps API （application programming interface） for JavaScript that allows the user to toggle project examples and to perform regional comparisons. The aggregation of standardized data and further use in mapping applications will help in providing timely access to condition assessment cost information and resources that will lead to enhanced asset management and resource allocation for drinking water utilities.
基金Project supported by the Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(No.2017ZX07201004)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51678520)。
文摘It is important to obtain a considerable quantity of DNA from oligotrophic environments such as a drinking water distribution system(DWDS)to study microbial communities by molecular biotechnology,and DNA yield is always one of the biggest problems when performing metagenomic sequencing on drinking water samples.To obtain as many microbes as possible,ultrasound has been widely used in cell detachment,but studies on the optimal ultrasonic parameters for biofilm in DWDS have rarely been seen.The effects of three ultrasonic parameters,including power,duration,and the number of ultrasound treatments(USTs)on the selected monoculture bacteria(Pelomonas sp.)biofilm were studied first.Then the optimal values of each ultrasonic parameter were initially determined.Based on these values,three levels of each ultrasonic parameter were selected,and then an orthogonal experiment was conducted to further study drinking water biofilm,and finally the optimal ultrasonic parameters for the effective separation of biofilm cells in DWDS were determined.The results showed that the optimal ultrasonic power,duration,and the number of USTs are 13 W,1 min,and 15,respectively.A 20-min interval is needed between two USTs.The present optimal UST,which does not lose DNA quality,can increase the amount of extractable DNA by at least 4.78 times compared to samples without UST.This study provides a pretreatment methodology for extracting more and reliable DNA from biofilm in DWDS,and can better solve the problem of DNA collection in oligotrophic environments.
