BACKGROUND The mixed lineage leukemia(MLL)-eleven-nineteen lysine-rich leukemia(ELL)fusion gene is a rare occurrence among the various MLL fusion genes.We present the first case in which myeloid sarcoma(MS)was the onl...BACKGROUND The mixed lineage leukemia(MLL)-eleven-nineteen lysine-rich leukemia(ELL)fusion gene is a rare occurrence among the various MLL fusion genes.We present the first case in which myeloid sarcoma(MS)was the only manifestation of adult MLL-ELL-positive acute myeloid leukemia(AML).CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 33-year-old male patient who was admitted in June 2022 with a right occipital area mass measuring approximately 7 cm×8 cm.Blood work was normal.The patient underwent right occipital giant subscalp mass excision and incisional flap grafting.Immunohistochemistry was positive for myeloperoxidase,CD43 and CD45 and negative for CD3,CD20,CD34,and CD56.The bone marrow aspirate showed hypercellularity with 20%myeloblasts.Flow cytometry showed that myeloblasts accounted for 27.21%of the nucleated cells,which expressed CD33,CD38,and CD117.The karyotype was 46,XY,t(11,19)(q23;p13.1),-12,+mar/46,XY.Next-generation sequencing showed a fusion of MLL exon 7 to exon 2 of ELL.A diagnosis of MLL-ELL-positive AML(M2 subtype)with subcutaneous MS was made.CONCLUSION MLL-ELL-positive AML with MS is a rare clinical entity.Additional research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of MS.展开更多
Biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) is an uncommon clinical entity. It is a type of acute leukemia with features characteristic of both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages and for this reason is designated as mixed-lineag...Biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) is an uncommon clinical entity. It is a type of acute leukemia with features characteristic of both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages and for this reason is designated as mixed-lineage, hybrid or biphenotypic acute leukemia. As strict diagnostic criteria have only recently been established, the precise incidence among acute leukemia is uncertain, although it is likely to account for approximately less then 5% of all acute leukemia. BAL is now collectively considered as “mixed phenotype acute leukemia” (MPAL). We hereby report two cases of a rare disease, BAL from our institution in the light of morphology, cytochemistry, flow cytometry and review of literature regarding these cases are described.展开更多
Objective To highlight the current understanding of mixed phenotype acute leukemia （MPAL）.Data sources We collected the relevant articles in PubMed （from 1985 to present）,using the terms ＂mixed phenotype acute le...Objective To highlight the current understanding of mixed phenotype acute leukemia （MPAL）.Data sources We collected the relevant articles in PubMed （from 1985 to present）,using the terms ＂mixed phenotype acute leukemia＂,＂hybrid acute leukemia＂,＂biphenotypic acute leukemia＂,and ＂mixed lineage leukemia＂.We also collected the relevant studies in WanFang Data base （from 2000 to present）,using the terms ＂mixed phenotype acute leukemia＂ and ＂hybrid acute leukemia＂.Study selection We included all relevant studies concerning mixed phenotype acute leukemia in English and Chinese version,with no limitation of research design.The duplicated articles are excluded.Results MPAL is a rare subgroup of acute leukemia which expresses the myeloid and lymphoid markers simultaneously.The clinical manifestations of MPAL are similar to other acute leukemias.The World Health Organization classification and the European Group for Immunological classification of Leukaemias 1998 cdteria are most widely used.MPAL does not have a standard therapy regimen.Its treatment depends mostly on the patient＇s unique immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features,and also the experience of individual physician.The lack of effective treatment contributes to an undesirable prognosis.Conclusion Our understanding about MPAL is still limited.The diagnostic criteria have not been unified.The treatment of MPAL remains to be investigated.The prognostic factor is largely unclear yet.A better diagnostic cdteria and targeted therapeutics will improve the therapy effect and a subsequently better prognosis.展开更多
基金Supported by Scientific Research Project of Anhui Provincial Health Commission,No.AHWJ2021b005.
文摘BACKGROUND The mixed lineage leukemia(MLL)-eleven-nineteen lysine-rich leukemia(ELL)fusion gene is a rare occurrence among the various MLL fusion genes.We present the first case in which myeloid sarcoma(MS)was the only manifestation of adult MLL-ELL-positive acute myeloid leukemia(AML).CASE SUMMARY We report a case of a 33-year-old male patient who was admitted in June 2022 with a right occipital area mass measuring approximately 7 cm×8 cm.Blood work was normal.The patient underwent right occipital giant subscalp mass excision and incisional flap grafting.Immunohistochemistry was positive for myeloperoxidase,CD43 and CD45 and negative for CD3,CD20,CD34,and CD56.The bone marrow aspirate showed hypercellularity with 20%myeloblasts.Flow cytometry showed that myeloblasts accounted for 27.21%of the nucleated cells,which expressed CD33,CD38,and CD117.The karyotype was 46,XY,t(11,19)(q23;p13.1),-12,+mar/46,XY.Next-generation sequencing showed a fusion of MLL exon 7 to exon 2 of ELL.A diagnosis of MLL-ELL-positive AML(M2 subtype)with subcutaneous MS was made.CONCLUSION MLL-ELL-positive AML with MS is a rare clinical entity.Additional research is needed to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of the pathogenesis of MS.
文摘Biphenotypic acute leukemia (BAL) is an uncommon clinical entity. It is a type of acute leukemia with features characteristic of both the myeloid and lymphoid lineages and for this reason is designated as mixed-lineage, hybrid or biphenotypic acute leukemia. As strict diagnostic criteria have only recently been established, the precise incidence among acute leukemia is uncertain, although it is likely to account for approximately less then 5% of all acute leukemia. BAL is now collectively considered as “mixed phenotype acute leukemia” (MPAL). We hereby report two cases of a rare disease, BAL from our institution in the light of morphology, cytochemistry, flow cytometry and review of literature regarding these cases are described.
文摘Objective To highlight the current understanding of mixed phenotype acute leukemia （MPAL）.Data sources We collected the relevant articles in PubMed （from 1985 to present）,using the terms ＂mixed phenotype acute leukemia＂,＂hybrid acute leukemia＂,＂biphenotypic acute leukemia＂,and ＂mixed lineage leukemia＂.We also collected the relevant studies in WanFang Data base （from 2000 to present）,using the terms ＂mixed phenotype acute leukemia＂ and ＂hybrid acute leukemia＂.Study selection We included all relevant studies concerning mixed phenotype acute leukemia in English and Chinese version,with no limitation of research design.The duplicated articles are excluded.Results MPAL is a rare subgroup of acute leukemia which expresses the myeloid and lymphoid markers simultaneously.The clinical manifestations of MPAL are similar to other acute leukemias.The World Health Organization classification and the European Group for Immunological classification of Leukaemias 1998 cdteria are most widely used.MPAL does not have a standard therapy regimen.Its treatment depends mostly on the patient＇s unique immunophenotypic and cytogenetic features,and also the experience of individual physician.The lack of effective treatment contributes to an undesirable prognosis.Conclusion Our understanding about MPAL is still limited.The diagnostic criteria have not been unified.The treatment of MPAL remains to be investigated.The prognostic factor is largely unclear yet.A better diagnostic cdteria and targeted therapeutics will improve the therapy effect and a subsequently better prognosis.
