Subjective visual vertical(SVV)and subjective visual horizontal(SVH)tests can be used to evaluate the perception of verticality and horizontality,respectively,and can aid the diagnosis of otolith dysfunction in clinic...Subjective visual vertical(SVV)and subjective visual horizontal(SVH)tests can be used to evaluate the perception of verticality and horizontality,respectively,and can aid the diagnosis of otolith dysfunction in clinical practice.In this study,SVV and SVH screen version tests are implemented using virtual reality(VR)equipment;the proposed test method promotes a more immersive feeling for the subject while using a simple equipment configuration and possessing excellent mobility.To verify the performance of the proposed VR-based SVV and SVH tests,a reliable comparison was made between the traditional screen-based SVV and SVH tests and the proposed method,based on 30 healthy subjects.The average results of our experimental tests on the VR-based binocular SVV and SVH equipment were−0.15◦±1.74 and 0.60◦±1.18,respectively.The proposed VR-based method satisfies the normal tolerance for horizontal or vertical lines,i.e.,a±3◦error,as defined in previous studies,and it can be used to replace existing test methods.展开更多
We investigated the variability in the PFT （platelet function test） response to CYP2C19 polymorphisms and compared it with the clinical presentation. Furthermore, running cost analyses were done. One-hundred and sev...We investigated the variability in the PFT （platelet function test） response to CYP2C19 polymorphisms and compared it with the clinical presentation. Furthermore, running cost analyses were done. One-hundred and seventy Saudi Arabian patients who were stable on 75 mg clopidogrel for ≥1 month for various cardiac indications were enrolled. We extracted DNA using the MagNA Pure LC instrument. CYP2C19 genotyping for the alleles, ＊1, ＊2 and ＊3, was conducted by real-time PCR （polymerase chain reaction）. The PFT was carried out by VerifyNow P2Y12 assay for all patients. Clinical events were documented retrospectively for all patients. One hundred and seventeen patients presented with the wild variant 1/1, 19 patients with 1/2, and 34 patients with 2/2. We could not detect ＊3. There was a significant association between different genotyping and percentage inhibitions （P = 0.0002）. 1/1 patients tended to be moderate-to-extensive metabolisers, whereas most of the other patients were slow metabolisers. The cost of doing the PFT was 250 SR （Saudi Riyals）/patient and 200 SR/patient for kits and materials （excluding equipment and labour）. The PFT varied considerably with polymorphisms, but showed no significant associations with clinical symptoms.展开更多
Caspase-8 plays an important role in the mediation of inflammation and the effect of its role in subarachnoid hemorrhage remains elusive.The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammaso...Caspase-8 plays an important role in the mediation of inflammation and the effect of its role in subarachnoid hemorrhage remains elusive.The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome has been postulated to mediate inflammation during SAH.The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of caspase-8 inhibition on SAH injury and further elucidate the molecular mechanisms.In this study,a subarachnoid hemorrhage model was established by endovascular perforation process in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats.Z-IETD-FMK(0.5,1,2 mg/kg;an inhibitor of caspase-8)was delivered via intravenous(tail vein)injection immediately after subarachnoid hemorrhage.After 12 hours of subarachnoid hemorrhage,western blot assay showed that the expression of cleaved caspase-8 was significantly increased at 12 hours,peaked at 24 hours,and then decreased at 72 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that caspase-8 was expressed in microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Z-IETDFMK significantly improved neurological deficits and reduced brain water content 24 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage.The Morris water maze and rotarod test confirmed that Z-IETD-FMK significantly improved spatial learning and memory abilities and motor coordination at 21–27 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Furthermore,inhibition of caspase-8 activation reduced the expression of pyrin domain-containing 3,caspase-1,and interleukin-1βafter subarachnoid hemorrhage.In conclusion,our findings suggest that caspase-8 inhibition alleviates subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced brain injuries by suppressing inflammation.The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang University,China(approval No.2016-193)on February 25,2016.展开更多
基金supported by the Soonchunhyang University Research Fund and 2018 Ulsan University Hospital Research Grant(UUH-2018-12)(Grantee:JYP,http://www.uuh.ulsan.kr).The authors are grateful for their supports.
文摘Subjective visual vertical(SVV)and subjective visual horizontal(SVH)tests can be used to evaluate the perception of verticality and horizontality,respectively,and can aid the diagnosis of otolith dysfunction in clinical practice.In this study,SVV and SVH screen version tests are implemented using virtual reality(VR)equipment;the proposed test method promotes a more immersive feeling for the subject while using a simple equipment configuration and possessing excellent mobility.To verify the performance of the proposed VR-based SVV and SVH tests,a reliable comparison was made between the traditional screen-based SVV and SVH tests and the proposed method,based on 30 healthy subjects.The average results of our experimental tests on the VR-based binocular SVV and SVH equipment were−0.15◦±1.74 and 0.60◦±1.18,respectively.The proposed VR-based method satisfies the normal tolerance for horizontal or vertical lines,i.e.,a±3◦error,as defined in previous studies,and it can be used to replace existing test methods.
文摘We investigated the variability in the PFT （platelet function test） response to CYP2C19 polymorphisms and compared it with the clinical presentation. Furthermore, running cost analyses were done. One-hundred and seventy Saudi Arabian patients who were stable on 75 mg clopidogrel for ≥1 month for various cardiac indications were enrolled. We extracted DNA using the MagNA Pure LC instrument. CYP2C19 genotyping for the alleles, ＊1, ＊2 and ＊3, was conducted by real-time PCR （polymerase chain reaction）. The PFT was carried out by VerifyNow P2Y12 assay for all patients. Clinical events were documented retrospectively for all patients. One hundred and seventeen patients presented with the wild variant 1/1, 19 patients with 1/2, and 34 patients with 2/2. We could not detect ＊3. There was a significant association between different genotyping and percentage inhibitions （P = 0.0002）. 1/1 patients tended to be moderate-to-extensive metabolisers, whereas most of the other patients were slow metabolisers. The cost of doing the PFT was 250 SR （Saudi Riyals）/patient and 200 SR/patient for kits and materials （excluding equipment and labour）. The PFT varied considerably with polymorphisms, but showed no significant associations with clinical symptoms.
基金supported by Clinical Scientific Foundation of Zhejiang Medical Association of China,No.2018ZYC-A09(to HL)
文摘Caspase-8 plays an important role in the mediation of inflammation and the effect of its role in subarachnoid hemorrhage remains elusive.The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor protein 3 inflammasome has been postulated to mediate inflammation during SAH.The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of caspase-8 inhibition on SAH injury and further elucidate the molecular mechanisms.In this study,a subarachnoid hemorrhage model was established by endovascular perforation process in adult male Sprague-Dawley rats.Z-IETD-FMK(0.5,1,2 mg/kg;an inhibitor of caspase-8)was delivered via intravenous(tail vein)injection immediately after subarachnoid hemorrhage.After 12 hours of subarachnoid hemorrhage,western blot assay showed that the expression of cleaved caspase-8 was significantly increased at 12 hours,peaked at 24 hours,and then decreased at 72 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Immunofluorescence staining demonstrated that caspase-8 was expressed in microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Z-IETDFMK significantly improved neurological deficits and reduced brain water content 24 hours after subarachnoid hemorrhage.The Morris water maze and rotarod test confirmed that Z-IETD-FMK significantly improved spatial learning and memory abilities and motor coordination at 21–27 days after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Furthermore,inhibition of caspase-8 activation reduced the expression of pyrin domain-containing 3,caspase-1,and interleukin-1βafter subarachnoid hemorrhage.In conclusion,our findings suggest that caspase-8 inhibition alleviates subarachnoid hemorrhage-induced brain injuries by suppressing inflammation.The study was approved by the Institutional Animal Ethics Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital,School of Medicine,Zhejiang University,China(approval No.2016-193)on February 25,2016.
