The recent progress on the proteins in edible insects was summarized, in- cluding the nutritional value, healthy value, food safety, extraction and content mea- surement of the proteins in edible insects, as well as t...The recent progress on the proteins in edible insects was summarized, in- cluding the nutritional value, healthy value, food safety, extraction and content mea- surement of the proteins in edible insects, as well as the main development direc- tion of edible insect proteins. And we also pointed out the bottlenecks that restricted the development and utilization of proteins in edible insects, and proposed the prospect of the research, development and utilization of edible insects proteins.展开更多
Bulk mineral resources of iron ores, copper ores, bauxite, lead ores, zinc ores and potassium salt play a pivotal role on the world＇s and China＇s economic development. This study analyzed and predicted their resourc...Bulk mineral resources of iron ores, copper ores, bauxite, lead ores, zinc ores and potassium salt play a pivotal role on the world＇s and China＇s economic development. This study analyzed and predicted their resources base and potential, development and utilization and their world＇s and China＇s supply and demand situation in the future 20 years. The supply and demand of these six bulk mineral products are generally balanced, with a slight surplus, which will guarantee the stability of the international mineral commodity market supply. The six mineral resources （especially iron ores and copper ores） are abundant and have a great potential, and their development and utilization scale will gradually increase. Till the end of 2014, the reserve- production ratio of iron, copper, bauxite, lead, zinc ores and potassium salt was 95 years, 42 years, 100 years, 17 years, 37 years and 170 years, respectively. Except lead ores, the other five types all have reserve-production ratio exceeding 20 years, indicative of a high resources guarantee degree. If the utilization of recycled metals is counted in, the supply of the world＇s six mineral products will exceed the demand in the future twenty years. In 2015-2035, the supply of iron ores, refined copper, primary aluminum, refined lead, zinc and potassium salt will exceed their demand by 0.4-0.7 billion tons （Gt）, 5.0-6.0 million tons （Mt）, 1.1-8.9 Mt, 1.0-2.0 Mt, 1.2-2.0 Mt and 4.8-5.6 Mt, respectively. It is predicted that there is no problem with the supply side of bulk mineral products such as iron ores, but local or structural shortage may occur because of geopolitics, monopoly control, resources nationalism and trade friction. Affected by China＇s compressed industrialized development model, the demand of iron ores （crude steel）, potassium salt, refined lead, refined copper, bauxite （primary aluminum） and zinc will gradually reach their peak in advance. The demand peak of iron ores （crude steel） will reach around 2015, 2016 for potassium salt, 2020 for refined lead, 2021 for bauxite （primary aluminum）, 2022 for refined copper and 2023 for zinc. China＇s demand for iron ores （crude steel）, bauxite （primary aluminum） and zinc in the future 20 years will decline among the world＇s demand, while that for refined copper, refined lead and potassium salt will slightly increase. The demand for bulk mineral products still remains high. In 2015-2035, China＇s accumulative demand for iron ores （crude steel） will be 20.313 Gt （13.429 Gt）, 0.304 Gt for refined copper, 2.466 Gt （0.616 Gt） of bauxite （primary aluminum）, 0.102 Gt of refined lead, 0.138 Gt of zinc and 0.157 Gt of potassium salt, and they account for the world＇s YOY （YOY） accumulative demand of 35.17%, 51.09%, 48.47%, 46.62%, 43.95% and 21.84%, respectively. This proportion is 49.40%, 102.52%, 87.44%, 105.65%, 93.62% and 106.49% of that in 2014, respectively. From the supply side of China＇s bulk mineral resources, it is forecasted that the accumulative supply of primary （mine） mineral products in 2015-2035 is 4.046 Gt of iron ores, 0.591 Gt of copper, 1.129 Gt of bauxite, 63.661 Mt of （mine） lead, 0.109 Gt of （mine） zinc and 0.128 Gt of potassium salt, which accounts for 8.82%, 13.92%, 26.67%, 47.09%, 33.04% and 15.56% of the world＇s predicted YOY production, respectively. With the rapid increase in the smelting capacity of iron and steel and alumina, the rate of capacity utilization for crude steel, refined copper, alumina, primary aluminum and refined lead in 2014 was 72.13%, 83.63%, 74.45%, 70.76% and 72.22%, respectively. During 2000-2014, the rate of capacity utilization for China＇s crude steel and refined copper showed a generally fluctuating decrease, which leads to an insufficient supply of primary mineral products. It is forecasted that the supply insufficiency of iron ores in 2015-2035 is 17.44 Gt, 0.245 Gt of copper in copper concentrates, 1.337 Gt of bauxite, 38.44 Mt of lead in lead concentrates and 29.19 Mt of zinc in zinc concentrates. China has gradually raised the utilization of recycled metals, which has mitigated the insufficient supply of primary metal products to some extent. It is forecasted that in 2015-2035 the accumulative utilization amount of steel scrap （iron ores） is 3.27 Gt （5.08 Gt）, 70.312 Mt of recycled copper, 0.2 Gt of recycled aluminum, 48 Mt of recycled lead and 7.7 Mt of recycled zinc. The analysis on the supply and demand situation of China＇s bulk mineral resources in 2015-2035 suggests that the supply-demand contradiction for these six types of mineral products will decrease, indicative of a generally declining external dependency. If the use of recycled metal amount is counted in, the external dependency of China＇s iron, copper, bauxite, lead, zinc and potassium salt will be 79%, 65%, 26%, 8%, 16% and 18% in 2014, respectively. It is predicted that this external dependency will decrease to 62%, 64%, 20%, -0.93%, 16% and 14% in 2020, respectively, showing an overall decreasing trend. We propose the following suggestions correspondingly. （1） The demand peak of China＇s crude steel and potassium salt will reach during 2015-2023 in succession. Mining transformation should be planned and deployed in advance to deal with the arrival of this demand peak. （2） The supply-demand contradiction of China＇s bulk mineral resources will mitigate in the future 20 years, and the external dependency will decrease accordingly. It is suggested to adjust the mineral resources management policies according to different minerals and regions, and regulate the exploration and development activities. （3） China should further establish and improve the forced mechanism of resolving the smelting overcapacity of steel, refined copper, primary aluminum, lead and zinc to really achieve the goal of ＂reducing excess production capacity＂. （4） In accordance with the national strategic deployment of ＂One Belt One Road＂, China should encourage the excess capacity of steel, copper, alumina and primary aluminum enterprises to transfer to those countries or areas with abundant resources, high energy matching degree and relatively excellent infrastructure. Based on the national conditions, mining condition and geopolitics of the resources countries, we will gradually build steel, copper, aluminum and lead-zinc smelting bases, and potash processing and production bases, which will promote the excess capacity to transfer to the overseas orderly. （5） It is proposed to strengthen the planning and management of renewable resources recycling and to construct industrial base of renewable metal recycling. （6） China should promote the comprehensive development and utilization of paragenetic and associated mineral species to further improve the comprehensive utilization of bulk mineral resources.展开更多
Qaidam basin is an important part of National Key Development Area–Lanzhou-Xining Area,is a key region of resource development in Western Development,is a National Circular Economy Pilot Zone.The focus of
Generally, the sequence decision of the development and utilization of Chinese mineral resources is based on national and provincial overall plan of the mineral resources. Such plan usually cannot reflect the relative...Generally, the sequence decision of the development and utilization of Chinese mineral resources is based on national and provincial overall plan of the mineral resources. Such plan usually cannot reflect the relative size of the suitability of the development and utilization of mineral resources. To solve the problem, the paper has selected the gift condition, the market condition, the technological condition,socio-economic condition and environmental condition as the starting-points to analyze the influential factors of the priority-sequence of mineral resources' development and utilization. The above 5 conditions are further specified into 9 evaluative indicators to establish an evaluation indicator system. At last,we propose a decision model of the priority sequence based on grey relational analysis method, and figure out the observation objects by the suitability index of development. Finally, the mineral resources of a certain province in China were analyzed as an example. The calculation results indicate that silver(2.0057), coal(1.9955), zinc(1.9442), cement limestone(1.9077), solvent limestone(1.5624) and other minerals in the province are suitable for development and utilization.展开更多
Based on the emergency rescue,the subsequent disposal,and the development and utilization projects of the Hongshiyan Landside Dam in Ludian,Yunnan,China,research has been conducted on key technical issues facing the d...Based on the emergency rescue,the subsequent disposal,and the development and utilization projects of the Hongshiyan Landside Dam in Ludian,Yunnan,China,research has been conducted on key technical issues facing the development and utilization of landside dams,including the possibilty evaluation of development and utilization,structure analysis of wide gradation material,performance evaluation,investigation and design,dam seepage control,construction technology and equipment,and safe operation assessment.And innovative results has made in all seven aspects mentioned above,writing the history in thisfield.The achievements were directly applied to the development planning,investigation and design,construction,and operation and maintenance of the Hongshiyan Landside Dam,a comprehensive water conservancy project that integratesflood control,water supply,irrigation,and power generation,with significant comprehensive benefits.展开更多
Wild boar is one of the most important beast resources. It plays an important role in the maintenance of biological diversity. The genetic resources of wild boar can not only protect the genetic resources, but also im...Wild boar is one of the most important beast resources. It plays an important role in the maintenance of biological diversity. The genetic resources of wild boar can not only protect the genetic resources, but also improve the formation of new breeds in pigs. This paper summarized the advance on the main biological characteristics of wild boars, evolutionary origin between wild boars and domesticated pigs, and development and utilization of wild boars aimed to provide further insight into wild boar＇s genetic research and its resource protection.展开更多
The Lop Nor saline lake in the east Tarim basin,extends115 km from the south to the north,and 90 km from the east to the west,which covers an area of 10350 km2.It is the world’s largest dry saline lake,and is also so...The Lop Nor saline lake in the east Tarim basin,extends115 km from the south to the north,and 90 km from the east to the west,which covers an area of 10350 km2.It is the world’s largest dry saline lake,and is also so far the largest展开更多
[Objective] To study current development and utilization of water resources in Yuan'an County and countermeasures. [Method] On the basis of analyzing basic characteristics of water resources in Yuan'an County ...[Objective] To study current development and utilization of water resources in Yuan'an County and countermeasures. [Method] On the basis of analyzing basic characteristics of water resources in Yuan'an County as well as its current development and utilization, problems in the development and utilization of water resources in the study area were pointed out, and feasible countermeasures were proposed correspondingly. [Result] The county is endowed with rich water resources, but the overall use efficiency is low. There are many problems in the development and utilization of local water resources, such as pollution of water source, water and soil loss and so on. [Conclusion] In view of the problems, feasible suggestions were given to provide scientific support for the reasonable development and utilization of water resources in Yuan'an County.展开更多
In recent years,red cultural resources,or visual,artifactual,institutional and other expressions of China’s revolutionary culture as well as the socialist culture fostered by the Chinese Communist Party since its fou...In recent years,red cultural resources,or visual,artifactual,institutional and other expressions of China’s revolutionary culture as well as the socialist culture fostered by the Chinese Communist Party since its founding,have been used to educate people,reduce poverty in older revolutionary areas where the resources are located,and enhance awareness of the practical utility of learning from history.At the same time,how best to develop and utilization red cultural resources has become a much-debated issue.In the context of this debate,a series of practical problems have emerged that urgently need to be solved.The present study argues that strengthening theoretical research;creating innovative infrastructural,technological,funding,and staffing solutions;improving institutional mechanisms;and strategically shaping the red brand will lead to a more rational and sustainable development of red cultural resources,maximizing their practical utility for Chinese society as a whole.展开更多
With the development of global economy, the phenomenon of global warming appears. Fossil energy is also consumed in large quantities. The main reason for this phenomenon is that human beings have caused certain damage...With the development of global economy, the phenomenon of global warming appears. Fossil energy is also consumed in large quantities. The main reason for this phenomenon is that human beings have caused certain damage to the environment in pursuit of economic benefits. Under the realistic pressure of environmental pollution and energy shortage;All over the world are actively developing new energy products around the concept of sustainable development and low-carbon environmental protection, so as to reduce the consumption of all kinds of energy and exhaust emissions. But up to now, there is still no new energy form that can replace the commonly used fossil energy. At present, the energy forms such as wind power generation and solar power generation, whose installed capacity is rising rapidly, can only be used as a supplementary form of energy, because a lot of resources need to be dissipated in the production process of wind power generation and solar power generation equipment, especially the conversion rate of solar power generation equipment is poor. However, biomass power generation is a completely different form from the current wind power and solar power generation, which belongs to the utilization of renewable resources. However, the consideration of raw material supply and other issues in the development of biomass projects is limited, and it cannot replace traditional energy sources. The development of energy-saving products and new energy has become an important way to effectively develop low-carbon economy. However, the development and innovation of new energy technologies need a large amount of research funds as support, such as increasing the running time of wind power generation equipment, increasing the conversion rate of solar power generation equipment, including the disposal methods at the later stage of the equipment, etc., all of which need the support of government funds before we can master the core technologies, but the huge research expenses are also a great pressure on the government. Therefore, we should do a good job in the development planning of new energy, gradually improve the development space of new energy and effectively control energy conservation and emission reduction, such as rationally planning the development space of wind power generation and solar power generation, improving the equipment conversion rate and bringing the project into the best condition. Paying attention to the promotion of new energy vehicles, increasing the proportion of new energy vehicles to a favorable range in the future, and reasonably reducing vehicle exhaust emissions are also important indicators to reduce emissions. This paper discusses the development and utilization of new energy under the background of low-carbon economy, hoping to bring some reference suggestions to people in the industry.展开更多
Duolun County,located in the Xilingol League,is a typical agro-pastoral ecotone in the north and is also the source of the Luan River system.Whether the development and utilization of regional water resources are reas...Duolun County,located in the Xilingol League,is a typical agro-pastoral ecotone in the north and is also the source of the Luan River system.Whether the development and utilization of regional water resources are reasonable and whether the water ecological environment is sustainable are the key issues that local government departments cannot ignore.By investigating the current situation of water resource development and utilization in Duolun County,this study revealed that the per capita water usage and the water usage per ten thousand yuan of GDP in Duolun County in 2020 were lower than the average level in the Inner Mongolia,and the level of water usage was relatively better.By using the nine-scale method and the analytic hierarchy process to construct an evaluation model of the water ecological environment of Duolun County,the comprehensive score of Duolun County was 8.35(total score is 10),indicating that the water ecological environment in the study area was currently in a good state.The evaluation model has reference value for the future management of the water ecological en-vironment in Duolun County and for continuous related research.展开更多
Manas River is located in Xinjiang, which is one of the very famous rivers in Xinjiang and which has very typical hydrological characteristics and has a good reputation in the local area. People in Xinjiang regard Man...Manas River is located in Xinjiang, which is one of the very famous rivers in Xinjiang and which has very typical hydrological characteristics and has a good reputation in the local area. People in Xinjiang regard Manas River as a part of the rational development and utilization of water resources and Manas River also lays a foundation for the development and utilization of water resources in Xinjiang. Manas River and hydrological conditions are different from other rivers because located in Xinjiang, Manas River is different from precipitation and flood and other rivers. This paper introduces the hydrological characteristics of Manas River in detail and on this basis, analyzes the development and utilization of the development and utilization of Xinjiang region and proposes the development and utilization of water resources in the Manas River basin.展开更多
Water resource is an indispensable resource in peoples life and work. With the deepening of the concept of environmental protection, people have also deeply realized the importance of water environment protection, and...Water resource is an indispensable resource in peoples life and work. With the deepening of the concept of environmental protection, people have also deeply realized the importance of water environment protection, and actively carried out the development, utilization and protection of water resources, which can reduce waste while improving the efficiency of water resources. In recent years, the overall scale of global water resources has declined, which also has a certain impact on the sustainable development of social economy. After water resources monitoring, we can fully understand the distribution of water resources, water quality and other aspects, so that we can timely understand the problems and effectively control them. In order to better ensure the effect of hydrological and water resources monitoring, we should fully understand the actual situation of water environment, adopt reasonable hydrological and water resources monitoring technology and equipment, and establish a hydrological and water resources monitoring system, so as to ensure that hydrological and water resources monitoring can be carried out smoothly, improve the efficiency of water resources utilization, and better promote the development of water resources development.展开更多
The information about China's water resources yield and its utilization have been publicly released by its annual China Water Resources Bulletin since 1998.This paper introduces the facts of China's water reso...The information about China's water resources yield and its utilization have been publicly released by its annual China Water Resources Bulletin since 1998.This paper introduces the facts of China's water resources and its development and utilization in 2022 and analyzes the variation of water resources,water supply structure,water use volume,and efficiency.In 2022,both precipitation and total volume of water resources in China were less than normal,and were unevenly distributed both temporally and geographically.There has been some decrease in water storage of some large-and medium-sized reservoirs,while the storage of lakes has remained relatively stable.Total water use increased to some extent compared with that in 2021,with further improvements of efficiency and pattern of water uses.There was no significant trend of change on annual precipitation and water resources in China from 1956 to 2022,but the capability of runoff generation in North China showed a decrease.To ensure national water security,China has made great effort to cope with the impacts of climate change and human activities by refined management of surface water resources and groundwater resources,as well as ambitious water-saving goals.展开更多
Analysis of water supplies and demand over the past 50 years in the Gavkhuni River Basin（GRB） indicate that despite large investments in water resources development the basin remains just as vulnerable to drought as...Analysis of water supplies and demand over the past 50 years in the Gavkhuni River Basin（GRB） indicate that despite large investments in water resources development the basin remains just as vulnerable to drought as it always has been. During the period of analysis two transbasin diversions and a storage reservoir have been constructed which have more or less doubled the annual supply to water to the basin. But with each water resource development extractive capacity for irrigation, urban and industrial use has increased by the same amount, so that all new water is allocated as soon as it is available. The most recent developments, since 1980, have actually increased vulnerability to drought because extractive capacity is greater than average flow into the basin. Whenever demand exceeds supply all water is extracted from the basin and the tail end dries up. During the past 50 years flows into the salt pan at the downstream end of the basin have been negligible for more than half the time. Prospects for the future are bleak because once the current phase of water resources development is completed no further water supplies are likely, but demand continues to rise at a steady rate. Ultimately agriculture will have to concede water to urban, industrial and environmental demands.展开更多
'Report on the development and utilization of important mineral resources'('Report'for short)was officially brought to the public.This Report was prepared,based on specific investigation,by Zhengzhou R...'Report on the development and utilization of important mineral resources'('Report'for short)was officially brought to the public.This Report was prepared,based on specific investigation,by Zhengzhou Research Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences that was assigned by Department展开更多
This article introduced the new methods on the research of the wild flowers and plants idioplasmic resources, elaborated the introduction and domestication and exploitation of wild flowers and plants idioplasmatic res...This article introduced the new methods on the research of the wild flowers and plants idioplasmic resources, elaborated the introduction and domestication and exploitation of wild flowers and plants idioplasmatic resources and the sustainable development of flowers and plants industry in China, and put forward some proposals on the existing question and the prospects for the development.展开更多
Cheuopodium quinoa is annual Chenopodiaceae Cheuopodium herbaceous dicotyledon. It originated in the Andes in South America and has a planting history of more than 5000 years. Due to its unique characteristics,Cheuopo...Cheuopodium quinoa is annual Chenopodiaceae Cheuopodium herbaceous dicotyledon. It originated in the Andes in South America and has a planting history of more than 5000 years. Due to its unique characteristics,Cheuopodium quinoa has received wide attention in recent years. This paper elaborated the biological characteristics,nutritional value,utilization approach and economic benefits of Cheuopodium quinoa,introduced main problems in the development of Cheuopodium quinoa industry,and finally came up with recommendations for the development Cheuopodium quinoa industry in China.展开更多
This paper first elaborated basic characteristics and research development of the edible mycorrhizal fungus. Then,it analyzed the natural ecological environment and development conditions of edible fungus in Shanxi Pr...This paper first elaborated basic characteristics and research development of the edible mycorrhizal fungus. Then,it analyzed the natural ecological environment and development conditions of edible fungus in Shanxi Province. Finally,it discussed edible mycorrhizal fungus resources in Shanxi Province and development and utilization prospects of edible mycorrhizal fungi,to provide some references for the development of edible fungi industry and edible and medicinal mycorrhizal fungus in Shanxi Province and adjacent provinces.展开更多
基金Supported by the Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(200904025)the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing(6122024)+1 种基金the Surface Project of the Science and Technology Development Program of Beijing Municipal Education Commission(KM200900005002)the Project for the Agricultural Science and Technology of Beijing(20110115)~~
文摘The recent progress on the proteins in edible insects was summarized, in- cluding the nutritional value, healthy value, food safety, extraction and content mea- surement of the proteins in edible insects, as well as the main development direc- tion of edible insect proteins. And we also pointed out the bottlenecks that restricted the development and utilization of proteins in edible insects, and proposed the prospect of the research, development and utilization of edible insects proteins.
基金supported by the China geological survey subproject of Dynamic Track and Evaluation of the Guarantee Degree of the Main Mineral Resources in China(No.121201103000150112,N1618-8)
文摘Bulk mineral resources of iron ores, copper ores, bauxite, lead ores, zinc ores and potassium salt play a pivotal role on the world＇s and China＇s economic development. This study analyzed and predicted their resources base and potential, development and utilization and their world＇s and China＇s supply and demand situation in the future 20 years. The supply and demand of these six bulk mineral products are generally balanced, with a slight surplus, which will guarantee the stability of the international mineral commodity market supply. The six mineral resources （especially iron ores and copper ores） are abundant and have a great potential, and their development and utilization scale will gradually increase. Till the end of 2014, the reserve- production ratio of iron, copper, bauxite, lead, zinc ores and potassium salt was 95 years, 42 years, 100 years, 17 years, 37 years and 170 years, respectively. Except lead ores, the other five types all have reserve-production ratio exceeding 20 years, indicative of a high resources guarantee degree. If the utilization of recycled metals is counted in, the supply of the world＇s six mineral products will exceed the demand in the future twenty years. In 2015-2035, the supply of iron ores, refined copper, primary aluminum, refined lead, zinc and potassium salt will exceed their demand by 0.4-0.7 billion tons （Gt）, 5.0-6.0 million tons （Mt）, 1.1-8.9 Mt, 1.0-2.0 Mt, 1.2-2.0 Mt and 4.8-5.6 Mt, respectively. It is predicted that there is no problem with the supply side of bulk mineral products such as iron ores, but local or structural shortage may occur because of geopolitics, monopoly control, resources nationalism and trade friction. Affected by China＇s compressed industrialized development model, the demand of iron ores （crude steel）, potassium salt, refined lead, refined copper, bauxite （primary aluminum） and zinc will gradually reach their peak in advance. The demand peak of iron ores （crude steel） will reach around 2015, 2016 for potassium salt, 2020 for refined lead, 2021 for bauxite （primary aluminum）, 2022 for refined copper and 2023 for zinc. China＇s demand for iron ores （crude steel）, bauxite （primary aluminum） and zinc in the future 20 years will decline among the world＇s demand, while that for refined copper, refined lead and potassium salt will slightly increase. The demand for bulk mineral products still remains high. In 2015-2035, China＇s accumulative demand for iron ores （crude steel） will be 20.313 Gt （13.429 Gt）, 0.304 Gt for refined copper, 2.466 Gt （0.616 Gt） of bauxite （primary aluminum）, 0.102 Gt of refined lead, 0.138 Gt of zinc and 0.157 Gt of potassium salt, and they account for the world＇s YOY （YOY） accumulative demand of 35.17%, 51.09%, 48.47%, 46.62%, 43.95% and 21.84%, respectively. This proportion is 49.40%, 102.52%, 87.44%, 105.65%, 93.62% and 106.49% of that in 2014, respectively. From the supply side of China＇s bulk mineral resources, it is forecasted that the accumulative supply of primary （mine） mineral products in 2015-2035 is 4.046 Gt of iron ores, 0.591 Gt of copper, 1.129 Gt of bauxite, 63.661 Mt of （mine） lead, 0.109 Gt of （mine） zinc and 0.128 Gt of potassium salt, which accounts for 8.82%, 13.92%, 26.67%, 47.09%, 33.04% and 15.56% of the world＇s predicted YOY production, respectively. With the rapid increase in the smelting capacity of iron and steel and alumina, the rate of capacity utilization for crude steel, refined copper, alumina, primary aluminum and refined lead in 2014 was 72.13%, 83.63%, 74.45%, 70.76% and 72.22%, respectively. During 2000-2014, the rate of capacity utilization for China＇s crude steel and refined copper showed a generally fluctuating decrease, which leads to an insufficient supply of primary mineral products. It is forecasted that the supply insufficiency of iron ores in 2015-2035 is 17.44 Gt, 0.245 Gt of copper in copper concentrates, 1.337 Gt of bauxite, 38.44 Mt of lead in lead concentrates and 29.19 Mt of zinc in zinc concentrates. China has gradually raised the utilization of recycled metals, which has mitigated the insufficient supply of primary metal products to some extent. It is forecasted that in 2015-2035 the accumulative utilization amount of steel scrap （iron ores） is 3.27 Gt （5.08 Gt）, 70.312 Mt of recycled copper, 0.2 Gt of recycled aluminum, 48 Mt of recycled lead and 7.7 Mt of recycled zinc. The analysis on the supply and demand situation of China＇s bulk mineral resources in 2015-2035 suggests that the supply-demand contradiction for these six types of mineral products will decrease, indicative of a generally declining external dependency. If the use of recycled metal amount is counted in, the external dependency of China＇s iron, copper, bauxite, lead, zinc and potassium salt will be 79%, 65%, 26%, 8%, 16% and 18% in 2014, respectively. It is predicted that this external dependency will decrease to 62%, 64%, 20%, -0.93%, 16% and 14% in 2020, respectively, showing an overall decreasing trend. We propose the following suggestions correspondingly. （1） The demand peak of China＇s crude steel and potassium salt will reach during 2015-2023 in succession. Mining transformation should be planned and deployed in advance to deal with the arrival of this demand peak. （2） The supply-demand contradiction of China＇s bulk mineral resources will mitigate in the future 20 years, and the external dependency will decrease accordingly. It is suggested to adjust the mineral resources management policies according to different minerals and regions, and regulate the exploration and development activities. （3） China should further establish and improve the forced mechanism of resolving the smelting overcapacity of steel, refined copper, primary aluminum, lead and zinc to really achieve the goal of ＂reducing excess production capacity＂. （4） In accordance with the national strategic deployment of ＂One Belt One Road＂, China should encourage the excess capacity of steel, copper, alumina and primary aluminum enterprises to transfer to those countries or areas with abundant resources, high energy matching degree and relatively excellent infrastructure. Based on the national conditions, mining condition and geopolitics of the resources countries, we will gradually build steel, copper, aluminum and lead-zinc smelting bases, and potash processing and production bases, which will promote the excess capacity to transfer to the overseas orderly. （5） It is proposed to strengthen the planning and management of renewable resources recycling and to construct industrial base of renewable metal recycling. （6） China should promote the comprehensive development and utilization of paragenetic and associated mineral species to further improve the comprehensive utilization of bulk mineral resources.
基金sponsored by China Academy of Engineering Major Consulting Project (No: 2012-ZD-14)
文摘Qaidam basin is an important part of National Key Development Area–Lanzhou-Xining Area,is a key region of resource development in Western Development,is a National Circular Economy Pilot Zone.The focus of
基金Financial support from the key project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.71273118)is gratefully acknowledged
文摘Generally, the sequence decision of the development and utilization of Chinese mineral resources is based on national and provincial overall plan of the mineral resources. Such plan usually cannot reflect the relative size of the suitability of the development and utilization of mineral resources. To solve the problem, the paper has selected the gift condition, the market condition, the technological condition,socio-economic condition and environmental condition as the starting-points to analyze the influential factors of the priority-sequence of mineral resources' development and utilization. The above 5 conditions are further specified into 9 evaluative indicators to establish an evaluation indicator system. At last,we propose a decision model of the priority sequence based on grey relational analysis method, and figure out the observation objects by the suitability index of development. Finally, the mineral resources of a certain province in China were analyzed as an example. The calculation results indicate that silver(2.0057), coal(1.9955), zinc(1.9442), cement limestone(1.9077), solvent limestone(1.5624) and other minerals in the province are suitable for development and utilization.
基金National Key R&D Plan Project of PRC,Grant/Award Number:2018YFC1508500。
文摘Based on the emergency rescue,the subsequent disposal,and the development and utilization projects of the Hongshiyan Landside Dam in Ludian,Yunnan,China,research has been conducted on key technical issues facing the development and utilization of landside dams,including the possibilty evaluation of development and utilization,structure analysis of wide gradation material,performance evaluation,investigation and design,dam seepage control,construction technology and equipment,and safe operation assessment.And innovative results has made in all seven aspects mentioned above,writing the history in thisfield.The achievements were directly applied to the development planning,investigation and design,construction,and operation and maintenance of the Hongshiyan Landside Dam,a comprehensive water conservancy project that integratesflood control,water supply,irrigation,and power generation,with significant comprehensive benefits.
文摘Wild boar is one of the most important beast resources. It plays an important role in the maintenance of biological diversity. The genetic resources of wild boar can not only protect the genetic resources, but also improve the formation of new breeds in pigs. This paper summarized the advance on the main biological characteristics of wild boars, evolutionary origin between wild boars and domesticated pigs, and development and utilization of wild boars aimed to provide further insight into wild boar＇s genetic research and its resource protection.
文摘The Lop Nor saline lake in the east Tarim basin,extends115 km from the south to the north,and 90 km from the east to the west,which covers an area of 10350 km2.It is the world’s largest dry saline lake,and is also so far the largest
文摘[Objective] To study current development and utilization of water resources in Yuan'an County and countermeasures. [Method] On the basis of analyzing basic characteristics of water resources in Yuan'an County as well as its current development and utilization, problems in the development and utilization of water resources in the study area were pointed out, and feasible countermeasures were proposed correspondingly. [Result] The county is endowed with rich water resources, but the overall use efficiency is low. There are many problems in the development and utilization of local water resources, such as pollution of water source, water and soil loss and so on. [Conclusion] In view of the problems, feasible suggestions were given to provide scientific support for the reasonable development and utilization of water resources in Yuan'an County.
文摘In recent years,red cultural resources,or visual,artifactual,institutional and other expressions of China’s revolutionary culture as well as the socialist culture fostered by the Chinese Communist Party since its founding,have been used to educate people,reduce poverty in older revolutionary areas where the resources are located,and enhance awareness of the practical utility of learning from history.At the same time,how best to develop and utilization red cultural resources has become a much-debated issue.In the context of this debate,a series of practical problems have emerged that urgently need to be solved.The present study argues that strengthening theoretical research;creating innovative infrastructural,technological,funding,and staffing solutions;improving institutional mechanisms;and strategically shaping the red brand will lead to a more rational and sustainable development of red cultural resources,maximizing their practical utility for Chinese society as a whole.
文摘With the development of global economy, the phenomenon of global warming appears. Fossil energy is also consumed in large quantities. The main reason for this phenomenon is that human beings have caused certain damage to the environment in pursuit of economic benefits. Under the realistic pressure of environmental pollution and energy shortage;All over the world are actively developing new energy products around the concept of sustainable development and low-carbon environmental protection, so as to reduce the consumption of all kinds of energy and exhaust emissions. But up to now, there is still no new energy form that can replace the commonly used fossil energy. At present, the energy forms such as wind power generation and solar power generation, whose installed capacity is rising rapidly, can only be used as a supplementary form of energy, because a lot of resources need to be dissipated in the production process of wind power generation and solar power generation equipment, especially the conversion rate of solar power generation equipment is poor. However, biomass power generation is a completely different form from the current wind power and solar power generation, which belongs to the utilization of renewable resources. However, the consideration of raw material supply and other issues in the development of biomass projects is limited, and it cannot replace traditional energy sources. The development of energy-saving products and new energy has become an important way to effectively develop low-carbon economy. However, the development and innovation of new energy technologies need a large amount of research funds as support, such as increasing the running time of wind power generation equipment, increasing the conversion rate of solar power generation equipment, including the disposal methods at the later stage of the equipment, etc., all of which need the support of government funds before we can master the core technologies, but the huge research expenses are also a great pressure on the government. Therefore, we should do a good job in the development planning of new energy, gradually improve the development space of new energy and effectively control energy conservation and emission reduction, such as rationally planning the development space of wind power generation and solar power generation, improving the equipment conversion rate and bringing the project into the best condition. Paying attention to the promotion of new energy vehicles, increasing the proportion of new energy vehicles to a favorable range in the future, and reasonably reducing vehicle exhaust emissions are also important indicators to reduce emissions. This paper discusses the development and utilization of new energy under the background of low-carbon economy, hoping to bring some reference suggestions to people in the industry.
基金The Basic Scientific Research Foundation Special Project of the China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research (MK 2022J05)The Project of Collaborative Innovation Center for Grassland Ecological Security (MK0143A032021)The National Natural Science Foundation of China (42072291)。
文摘Duolun County,located in the Xilingol League,is a typical agro-pastoral ecotone in the north and is also the source of the Luan River system.Whether the development and utilization of regional water resources are reasonable and whether the water ecological environment is sustainable are the key issues that local government departments cannot ignore.By investigating the current situation of water resource development and utilization in Duolun County,this study revealed that the per capita water usage and the water usage per ten thousand yuan of GDP in Duolun County in 2020 were lower than the average level in the Inner Mongolia,and the level of water usage was relatively better.By using the nine-scale method and the analytic hierarchy process to construct an evaluation model of the water ecological environment of Duolun County,the comprehensive score of Duolun County was 8.35(total score is 10),indicating that the water ecological environment in the study area was currently in a good state.The evaluation model has reference value for the future management of the water ecological en-vironment in Duolun County and for continuous related research.
文摘Manas River is located in Xinjiang, which is one of the very famous rivers in Xinjiang and which has very typical hydrological characteristics and has a good reputation in the local area. People in Xinjiang regard Manas River as a part of the rational development and utilization of water resources and Manas River also lays a foundation for the development and utilization of water resources in Xinjiang. Manas River and hydrological conditions are different from other rivers because located in Xinjiang, Manas River is different from precipitation and flood and other rivers. This paper introduces the hydrological characteristics of Manas River in detail and on this basis, analyzes the development and utilization of the development and utilization of Xinjiang region and proposes the development and utilization of water resources in the Manas River basin.
文摘Water resource is an indispensable resource in peoples life and work. With the deepening of the concept of environmental protection, people have also deeply realized the importance of water environment protection, and actively carried out the development, utilization and protection of water resources, which can reduce waste while improving the efficiency of water resources. In recent years, the overall scale of global water resources has declined, which also has a certain impact on the sustainable development of social economy. After water resources monitoring, we can fully understand the distribution of water resources, water quality and other aspects, so that we can timely understand the problems and effectively control them. In order to better ensure the effect of hydrological and water resources monitoring, we should fully understand the actual situation of water environment, adopt reasonable hydrological and water resources monitoring technology and equipment, and establish a hydrological and water resources monitoring system, so as to ensure that hydrological and water resources monitoring can be carried out smoothly, improve the efficiency of water resources utilization, and better promote the development of water resources development.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China,Grant/Award Number:52009140National Key Research and Development Program of China,Grant/Award Number:2021YFC3201105。
文摘The information about China's water resources yield and its utilization have been publicly released by its annual China Water Resources Bulletin since 1998.This paper introduces the facts of China's water resources and its development and utilization in 2022 and analyzes the variation of water resources,water supply structure,water use volume,and efficiency.In 2022,both precipitation and total volume of water resources in China were less than normal,and were unevenly distributed both temporally and geographically.There has been some decrease in water storage of some large-and medium-sized reservoirs,while the storage of lakes has remained relatively stable.Total water use increased to some extent compared with that in 2021,with further improvements of efficiency and pattern of water uses.There was no significant trend of change on annual precipitation and water resources in China from 1956 to 2022,but the capability of runoff generation in North China showed a decrease.To ensure national water security,China has made great effort to cope with the impacts of climate change and human activities by refined management of surface water resources and groundwater resources,as well as ambitious water-saving goals.
文摘Analysis of water supplies and demand over the past 50 years in the Gavkhuni River Basin（GRB） indicate that despite large investments in water resources development the basin remains just as vulnerable to drought as it always has been. During the period of analysis two transbasin diversions and a storage reservoir have been constructed which have more or less doubled the annual supply to water to the basin. But with each water resource development extractive capacity for irrigation, urban and industrial use has increased by the same amount, so that all new water is allocated as soon as it is available. The most recent developments, since 1980, have actually increased vulnerability to drought because extractive capacity is greater than average flow into the basin. Whenever demand exceeds supply all water is extracted from the basin and the tail end dries up. During the past 50 years flows into the salt pan at the downstream end of the basin have been negligible for more than half the time. Prospects for the future are bleak because once the current phase of water resources development is completed no further water supplies are likely, but demand continues to rise at a steady rate. Ultimately agriculture will have to concede water to urban, industrial and environmental demands.
文摘'Report on the development and utilization of important mineral resources'('Report'for short)was officially brought to the public.This Report was prepared,based on specific investigation,by Zhengzhou Research Institute of Multipurpose Utilization of Mineral Resources of Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences that was assigned by Department
文摘This article introduced the new methods on the research of the wild flowers and plants idioplasmic resources, elaborated the introduction and domestication and exploitation of wild flowers and plants idioplasmatic resources and the sustainable development of flowers and plants industry in China, and put forward some proposals on the existing question and the prospects for the development.
基金Supported by Research and Demonstration of Key Technology for Simplified Production of Characteristic Coarse Grain in Mountain Areas(17236405D)
文摘Cheuopodium quinoa is annual Chenopodiaceae Cheuopodium herbaceous dicotyledon. It originated in the Andes in South America and has a planting history of more than 5000 years. Due to its unique characteristics,Cheuopodium quinoa has received wide attention in recent years. This paper elaborated the biological characteristics,nutritional value,utilization approach and economic benefits of Cheuopodium quinoa,introduced main problems in the development of Cheuopodium quinoa industry,and finally came up with recommendations for the development Cheuopodium quinoa industry in China.
基金Supported by Shanxi Key Project of Coal Based Science and Technology(FT2014-03)Doctorate Research Foundation of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences(YBSJJ1616)Construction of Shanxi Science and Technology Basic Conditions Platform(201705D121012)
文摘This paper first elaborated basic characteristics and research development of the edible mycorrhizal fungus. Then,it analyzed the natural ecological environment and development conditions of edible fungus in Shanxi Province. Finally,it discussed edible mycorrhizal fungus resources in Shanxi Province and development and utilization prospects of edible mycorrhizal fungi,to provide some references for the development of edible fungi industry and edible and medicinal mycorrhizal fungus in Shanxi Province and adjacent provinces.
