Preschool education is an education process that every child must go through and has a great role in promoting the growth of children. Art education is an important part of preschool education and can effectively impr...Preschool education is an education process that every child must go through and has a great role in promoting the growth of children. Art education is an important part of preschool education and can effectively improve children's artistic ability and aesthetic ability. Therefore, art teachers should pay attention to the teaching methods applied in teaching and ensure the teaching effect. Cooperative learning mode has always been a commonly used educational means in primary and secondary education. Art teachers can also make full use of this means to achieve teaching purposes when leading children to learn art knowledge.展开更多
Under the background of the continuous advancement of the new curriculum reform, the teaching concept of quality-oriented education has re-entered the public's field of vision and is once again valued by society a...Under the background of the continuous advancement of the new curriculum reform, the teaching concept of quality-oriented education has re-entered the public's field of vision and is once again valued by society and schools. Under the background of quality education, it has become an important part of school education and teaching to make high school students pay attention to students' physical quality exercise while improving their grades. Therefore, the senior high school physical education curriculum, as a subject which mainly exercises the students' physical quality in the senior high school stage, should reform the physical education teaching from an innovative perspective on the premise of completing the teaching objectives, and improve the teaching quality and efficiency of the physical education curriculum, so as to relieve the students' learning pressure and enable the students to have a healthy and all-round development of body and mind.展开更多
Higher Vocational Education(HVE) is an important component of higher education in our country.The English Curriculum Standard of HVE considers promoting the students' reading comprehension as one of the most impor...Higher Vocational Education(HVE) is an important component of higher education in our country.The English Curriculum Standard of HVE considers promoting the students' reading comprehension as one of the most important goals in English teaching.Task-based CL emphasizes the importance of education as a vehicle for teaching citizens to live cooperatively in a social democracy and teachers are not the only sources of knowledge and students should be able to help each other and learn in an interdependent way.The heart of cooperative learning is student-centered.Therefore,task-based CL can overcome the shortcomings in traditional teaching models,and the goal of improving reading comprehension can be achieved for the teachers of reading by realizing the mental process of reading comprehension and how prior knowledge can enhance a reader's interaction with the text through CL.This thesis consists of five parts.Part one,two and three briefly introduces the background and significance of the study,definitions and models of cooperative learning and reading comprehension.Part four and five are the key sections of the thesis,which introduces the hypotheses,subjects,instrument,procedure of the study and the analysis of the results of the study.Part five draws the conclusion of the study.展开更多
The study is based on a new translation training model-a di-process-controlled training model to study the effects of autonomous learning in a distance translation classroom. The author carried out an empirical study ...The study is based on a new translation training model-a di-process-controlled training model to study the effects of autonomous learning in a distance translation classroom. The author carried out an empirical study by using the collected data from a one-year-long distance translation classroom of 318 learners, including qualitative analysis on questionnaires and a case study. The results shows that autonomous learning is effective to improve the transaction proficiency and enhance learners learning motivation of distance translation.展开更多
With the rapid development of information technology,virtual reality(VR)technology has gradually transformed from the concept of science fiction to reality,and become an important driving force for innovation and deve...With the rapid development of information technology,virtual reality(VR)technology has gradually transformed from the concept of science fiction to reality,and become an important driving force for innovation and development in the field of education.As an immersive technology,VR can break the limitations of time and space in traditional teaching modes and create an immersive learning experience for learners.This technology can not only make the learning process more vivid and interesting,but also improve students’learning efficiency and initiative through interaction and immersion.Especially in the field of distance education,the application of VR technology is redefining teaching methods,increasing the efficiency of educational resource sharing,and enhancing the fairness and accessibility of education.This paper will take VR technology as the starting point,analyze its basic principles and technical characteristics,and deeply discuss the diversified practices of VR in distance education,including teaching scene simulation,interactive experience optimization,other aspects of educational resources equity,etc.展开更多
Training high-quality tourism talents is the teaching goal of tourism English in Higher Vocational colleges. It is necessary torationally design teaching objectives, tasks and planning projects. This paper discusses t...Training high-quality tourism talents is the teaching goal of tourism English in Higher Vocational colleges. It is necessary torationally design teaching objectives, tasks and planning projects. This paper discusses the necessity and feasibility of positioningand transforming the new teacher's role in tourism English classroom teaching. In English teaching, we should take students as themain body, teachers as the leading role, situational teaching as the main means, and pay attention to the cultivation ofstudents'comprehensive English application ability. Through the introduction and implementation of cooperative learning intourism English teaching, while changing the traditional teaching mode, students'comprehensive ability can be enhanced bycultivating their subjective and participatory awareness. Create a real situation, integrate English learning into professionallearning, so that students' original professional knowledge and social experience can promote the learning of English knowledgeand help students construct English knowledge system. Encouraging students to participate in learning enthusiasm and creativity,reflects the modern educational concept, is a creative and effective teaching theory and strategy system adopted by many countriesin the world.展开更多
The most important goal in civics education is to ensure that each citizen has a good understanding of ethics and moral behavior, and thus stresses the constant link between knowledge and practice. In this context, to...The most important goal in civics education is to ensure that each citizen has a good understanding of ethics and moral behavior, and thus stresses the constant link between knowledge and practice. In this context, to increase understanding of civics education for being able to create the best generation and condition in the future life, study on this issue is becoming a very crucial manner. In general, methods like discussion and dialogue are used to allow students to express themselves. However, cooperative learning in particular addresses many of the needs and concerns facing by educational systems and Team Game Tournament （TGT） method is one of the preferable methods of cooperative learning. This study was aiming to increase civics learning achievements by using cooperative learning based on TGT method on secondary school students of Jatisari of Indonesia. The action research procedure was also used so as to be able to evaluate the influent, impact, and result of TGT. Accordingly, cooperative learning with TGT method has successfully given positive contribution to increasing student learning civics achievement.展开更多
This study applies augmented reality(AR)to design an experiment to explore the academic performance,motivation and cognitive load level of students in distance education when leaning about communications engineering c...This study applies augmented reality(AR)to design an experiment to explore the academic performance,motivation and cognitive load level of students in distance education when leaning about communications engineering courses.The samples were 62 distance education students,consisting of 42 part-time adult students from a school of network education and 20 full-time students form a university,all of whom studied remotely in the experimental course.The results show that augmented reality can help distance education students improve their academic performance.As for learning motivation,the enhancement effect is not significant.The study also found that the use of AR did not increase students'cognitive load as long as the guidance was appropriate.展开更多
The distributed permutation flow shop scheduling problem(DPFSP)has received increasing attention in recent years.The iterated greedy algorithm(IGA)serves as a powerful optimizer for addressing such a problem because o...The distributed permutation flow shop scheduling problem(DPFSP)has received increasing attention in recent years.The iterated greedy algorithm(IGA)serves as a powerful optimizer for addressing such a problem because of its straightforward,single-solution evolution framework.However,a potential draw-back of IGA is the lack of utilization of historical information,which could lead to an imbalance between exploration and exploitation,especially in large-scale DPFSPs.As a consequence,this paper develops an IGA with memory and learning mechanisms(MLIGA)to efficiently solve the DPFSP targeted at the mini-malmakespan.InMLIGA,we incorporate a memory mechanism to make a more informed selection of the initial solution at each stage of the search,by extending,reconstructing,and reinforcing the information from previous solutions.In addition,we design a twolayer cooperative reinforcement learning approach to intelligently determine the key parameters of IGA and the operations of the memory mechanism.Meanwhile,to ensure that the experience generated by each perturbation operator is fully learned and to reduce the prior parameters of MLIGA,a probability curve-based acceptance criterion is proposed by combining a cube root function with custom rules.At last,a discrete adaptive learning rate is employed to enhance the stability of the memory and learningmechanisms.Complete ablation experiments are utilized to verify the effectiveness of the memory mechanism,and the results show that this mechanism is capable of improving the performance of IGA to a large extent.Furthermore,through comparative experiments involving MLIGA and five state-of-the-art algorithms on 720 benchmarks,we have discovered that MLI-GA demonstrates significant potential for solving large-scale DPFSPs.This indicates that MLIGA is well-suited for real-world distributed flow shop scheduling.展开更多
with the introduction of the different operating management between distance and correspondence course in Kurukshetra University, Devi Ahilya University and Kota University in India, the author show us that this paper...with the introduction of the different operating management between distance and correspondence course in Kurukshetra University, Devi Ahilya University and Kota University in India, the author show us that this paper will enhance our knowledge about Indian adult education in which we can use for reference.展开更多
This study examined the effectiveness of distance education compared with campus based learning among nursing students. Distance education in nursing curricula is increasing. Academic nurse leaders must demonstrate th...This study examined the effectiveness of distance education compared with campus based learning among nursing students. Distance education in nursing curricula is increasing. Academic nurse leaders must demonstrate the effectiveness of distance learning. This study is unique in that two cohorts, distance learners and campus learners, were taught synchronously by the same faculty member. Quantitative measures of student learning outcomes were compared using SPSS. There were no significant differences in learning outcomes between distance learners and campus learners. This study provides empiric support for distance education as a means to address the nursing shortage.展开更多
Purpose:The purpose of this literature review was to investigate how cooperative learning(CL)has been conceptualized and implemented in Chinese physical education(PE).CL is one of the most influential and widespread a...Purpose:The purpose of this literature review was to investigate how cooperative learning(CL)has been conceptualized and implemented in Chinese physical education(PE).CL is one of the most influential and widespread areas of theory,research,and practice in western education.With the promotion of Chinese government policies,CL has become a popular field of research and was widely used as a pedagogical practice in Chinese.Design/Approach/Methods:Shulruf’s five methodological steps were utilized as the process of screening and selecting relevant studies.Inductive analysis and constant comparison were conducted for analyzing the chosen literature.Findings:The analytic induction revealed four key themes:(a)historical development,(b)policy influence,(c)conceptualization of CL,and(d)implementation of CL.We found that the conceptualization of CL in Chinese PE was ambiguous,and the implementation of CL was predominantly documented by quantitative research methods.In addition,few studies were conducted at the elementary school level.Originality/Value:This is a comprehensive literature review on CL in Chinese PE.Findings and recommendations in this article will be beneficial for policymakers,scholars,and PE teachers to better understand and promote CL in China.展开更多
A distance learning Continuing Medical Education （CME） project based on live interactive presentations and a group participatory model demonstrated that important strides can be made in the quality of CME available ...A distance learning Continuing Medical Education （CME） project based on live interactive presentations and a group participatory model demonstrated that important strides can be made in the quality of CME available to health care professionals in African rural settings. Implementers choose a communication model consistent with the fundamental orality of Kenyan and other sub-Saharan African countries. The project involved four hospitals and one training institution in rural Kenya. The testing of learners and focus group discussions with learners, facilitators and presenters indicated that the project＇s methodologies, that strove to be culturally and work place friendly, contributed to gains in knowledge, competencies including case management, the continuity of patient care, team work, staff morale and other issues of expressed importance to the hospital healthcare work force and hospital administrators. The learning system, known as Advancing Continuing Medical Education through Information Technology （ACME-IT）, was implemented by the Kenyan Ministry of Medical Services, EC Associates and the US-funded Aphia2 Western initiative implemented by PATH. The findings of this pilot suggests that the ACME-IT methodology that set up learning centers at the participating institutions is a promising viable alternative to the traditional and relatively expensive workshop training that characterizes much of CME in lower and middle income countries.展开更多
The theory and practice of OUUK learning support service has been widely praised, from the study of composition and dominantof OUUK learning support service system, and as Jiangyin Open Studying center, Wuxi, Jiangsu ...The theory and practice of OUUK learning support service has been widely praised, from the study of composition and dominantof OUUK learning support service system, and as Jiangyin Open Studying center, Wuxi, Jiangsu example, in-depth investigation and analysis ofthe present situation of China＇s distance-education learning support services, explore the reference value of the successful experience of OUUKand inspiration to the distance education in China.展开更多
The article examines the world experience of e-learning as well as distance education technologies within the education process organization on higher and post-higher education programs.There have been listed the resu...The article examines the world experience of e-learning as well as distance education technologies within the education process organization on higher and post-higher education programs.There have been listed the results of the most popular e-learning platforms analysis.Furthermore,there have been looked through the core legislative background of the development of the mentioned technologies in Russia and worldwide among the universities,specialized in seafarers training.There have been also drawn up the points of the Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping(Admiral Makarov SUMIS)design of the distance education system LMS"FARWATER"in compliance with the International Convention on Standards of Training,Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers(STCW Convention).The practical application of distance education system to the advanced professional training has been discussed in the article.展开更多
Due to the development of digital transformation,intelligent algorithms are getting more and more attention.The whale optimization algorithm(WOA)is one of swarm intelligence optimization algorithms and is widely used ...Due to the development of digital transformation,intelligent algorithms are getting more and more attention.The whale optimization algorithm(WOA)is one of swarm intelligence optimization algorithms and is widely used to solve practical engineering optimization problems.However,with the increased dimensions,higher requirements are put forward for algorithm performance.The double population whale optimization algorithm with distributed collaboration and reverse learning ability(DCRWOA)is proposed to solve the slow convergence speed and unstable search accuracy of the WOA algorithm in optimization problems.In the DCRWOA algorithm,the novel double population search strategy is constructed.Meanwhile,the reverse learning strategy is adopted in the population search process to help individuals quickly jump out of the non-ideal search area.Numerical experi-ments are carried out using standard test functions with different dimensions(10,50,100,200).The optimization case of shield construction parameters is also used to test the practical application performance of the proposed algo-rithm.The results show that the DCRWOA algorithm has higher optimization accuracy and stability,and the convergence speed is significantly improved.Therefore,the proposed DCRWOA algorithm provides a better method for solving practical optimization problems.展开更多
Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning（ MARL） is an important topic in the field of artificial intelligence,in which distributed constraint optimization（ DCOP） algorithms have been widely used to coordinat...Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning（ MARL） is an important topic in the field of artificial intelligence,in which distributed constraint optimization（ DCOP） algorithms have been widely used to coordinate the actions of multiple agents. However,dense communication among agents affects the practicability of DCOP algorithms. In this paper,we propose a novel DCOP algorithm dealing with the previous DCOP algorithms＇ communication problem by reducing constraints.The contributions of this paper are primarily threefold：（1） It is proved that removing constraints can effectively reduce the communication burden of DCOP algorithms.（2） An criterion is provided to identify insignificant constraints whose elimination doesn＇t have a great impact on the performance of the whole system.（3） A constraint-reduced DCOP algorithm is proposed by adopting a variant of spectral clustering algorithm to detect and eliminate the insignificant constraints. Our algorithm reduces the communication burdern of the benchmark DCOP algorithm while keeping its overall performance unaffected. The performance of constraint-reduced DCOP algorithm is evaluated on four configurations of cooperative sensor networks. The effectiveness of communication reduction is also verified by comparisons between the constraint-reduced DCOP and the benchmark DCOP.展开更多
A dynamic cooperation model of multi-agent is established by combining reinforcement learning with distributed artificial intelligence(DAI),in which the concept of individual optimization loses its meaning because of ...A dynamic cooperation model of multi-agent is established by combining reinforcement learning with distributed artificial intelligence(DAI),in which the concept of individual optimization loses its meaning because of the dependence of repayment on each agent itself and the choice of other agents.Utilizing the idea of DAI,the intellectual unit of each robot and the change of task and environment,each agent can make decisions independently and finish various complicated tasks by communication and reciprocation between each other.The method is superior to other reinforcement learning methods commonly used in the multi-agent system.It can improve the convergence velocity of reinforcement learning,decrease requirements of computer memory,and enhance the capability of computing and logical ratiocinating for agent.The result of a simulated robot soccer match proves that the proposed cooperative strategy is valid.展开更多
Purpose:This study aimed to explore whether the attitudes of nursing students toward the use of mobile learning are positive or negative and to identify the factors influencing their attitudes by reviewing the literat...Purpose:This study aimed to explore whether the attitudes of nursing students toward the use of mobile learning are positive or negative and to identify the factors influencing their attitudes by reviewing the literature.Methods:Electronic search of six databases,including PubMed,the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature,ProQuest,Web of Science,EMBASE,and Cochrane Library,was conducted,and relevant references within articles were manually searched.Retrieval time was from inception to October 21,2020.The literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and the integrative review method.The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool(MMAT)was used for quality assessment.Results:A total of 316 articles were identified,and 18 English-language studies were finally included by reviewing titles,abstracts,and full text.Six quantitative,five qualitative,and seven mixed-method articles related to nursing students’attitudes toward the use of mobile learning were identified.The results showed that most nursing students had positive attitudes toward mobile learning.Although students expressed strong intentions for mobile learning,the actual usage rate in practical settings was low.Several advantageous factors included usefulness,convenience,and ease of use,whereas disadvantageous factors included hardware facility,updated content,and software stability.Conclusion:Most nursing students have positive attitudes and willingness to mobile learning,but the actual use rate remains low.Advantageous and disadvantageous factors coexist.Further studies are needed to assess how mobile learning improves nursing students’clinical knowledge and improves patient care.展开更多
文摘Preschool education is an education process that every child must go through and has a great role in promoting the growth of children. Art education is an important part of preschool education and can effectively improve children's artistic ability and aesthetic ability. Therefore, art teachers should pay attention to the teaching methods applied in teaching and ensure the teaching effect. Cooperative learning mode has always been a commonly used educational means in primary and secondary education. Art teachers can also make full use of this means to achieve teaching purposes when leading children to learn art knowledge.
文摘Under the background of the continuous advancement of the new curriculum reform, the teaching concept of quality-oriented education has re-entered the public's field of vision and is once again valued by society and schools. Under the background of quality education, it has become an important part of school education and teaching to make high school students pay attention to students' physical quality exercise while improving their grades. Therefore, the senior high school physical education curriculum, as a subject which mainly exercises the students' physical quality in the senior high school stage, should reform the physical education teaching from an innovative perspective on the premise of completing the teaching objectives, and improve the teaching quality and efficiency of the physical education curriculum, so as to relieve the students' learning pressure and enable the students to have a healthy and all-round development of body and mind.
文摘Higher Vocational Education(HVE) is an important component of higher education in our country.The English Curriculum Standard of HVE considers promoting the students' reading comprehension as one of the most important goals in English teaching.Task-based CL emphasizes the importance of education as a vehicle for teaching citizens to live cooperatively in a social democracy and teachers are not the only sources of knowledge and students should be able to help each other and learn in an interdependent way.The heart of cooperative learning is student-centered.Therefore,task-based CL can overcome the shortcomings in traditional teaching models,and the goal of improving reading comprehension can be achieved for the teachers of reading by realizing the mental process of reading comprehension and how prior knowledge can enhance a reader's interaction with the text through CL.This thesis consists of five parts.Part one,two and three briefly introduces the background and significance of the study,definitions and models of cooperative learning and reading comprehension.Part four and five are the key sections of the thesis,which introduces the hypotheses,subjects,instrument,procedure of the study and the analysis of the results of the study.Part five draws the conclusion of the study.
文摘The study is based on a new translation training model-a di-process-controlled training model to study the effects of autonomous learning in a distance translation classroom. The author carried out an empirical study by using the collected data from a one-year-long distance translation classroom of 318 learners, including qualitative analysis on questionnaires and a case study. The results shows that autonomous learning is effective to improve the transaction proficiency and enhance learners learning motivation of distance translation.
文摘With the rapid development of information technology,virtual reality(VR)technology has gradually transformed from the concept of science fiction to reality,and become an important driving force for innovation and development in the field of education.As an immersive technology,VR can break the limitations of time and space in traditional teaching modes and create an immersive learning experience for learners.This technology can not only make the learning process more vivid and interesting,but also improve students’learning efficiency and initiative through interaction and immersion.Especially in the field of distance education,the application of VR technology is redefining teaching methods,increasing the efficiency of educational resource sharing,and enhancing the fairness and accessibility of education.This paper will take VR technology as the starting point,analyze its basic principles and technical characteristics,and deeply discuss the diversified practices of VR in distance education,including teaching scene simulation,interactive experience optimization,other aspects of educational resources equity,etc.
文摘Training high-quality tourism talents is the teaching goal of tourism English in Higher Vocational colleges. It is necessary torationally design teaching objectives, tasks and planning projects. This paper discusses the necessity and feasibility of positioningand transforming the new teacher's role in tourism English classroom teaching. In English teaching, we should take students as themain body, teachers as the leading role, situational teaching as the main means, and pay attention to the cultivation ofstudents'comprehensive English application ability. Through the introduction and implementation of cooperative learning intourism English teaching, while changing the traditional teaching mode, students'comprehensive ability can be enhanced bycultivating their subjective and participatory awareness. Create a real situation, integrate English learning into professionallearning, so that students' original professional knowledge and social experience can promote the learning of English knowledgeand help students construct English knowledge system. Encouraging students to participate in learning enthusiasm and creativity,reflects the modern educational concept, is a creative and effective teaching theory and strategy system adopted by many countriesin the world.
文摘The most important goal in civics education is to ensure that each citizen has a good understanding of ethics and moral behavior, and thus stresses the constant link between knowledge and practice. In this context, to increase understanding of civics education for being able to create the best generation and condition in the future life, study on this issue is becoming a very crucial manner. In general, methods like discussion and dialogue are used to allow students to express themselves. However, cooperative learning in particular addresses many of the needs and concerns facing by educational systems and Team Game Tournament （TGT） method is one of the preferable methods of cooperative learning. This study was aiming to increase civics learning achievements by using cooperative learning based on TGT method on secondary school students of Jatisari of Indonesia. The action research procedure was also used so as to be able to evaluate the influent, impact, and result of TGT. Accordingly, cooperative learning with TGT method has successfully given positive contribution to increasing student learning civics achievement.
文摘This study applies augmented reality(AR)to design an experiment to explore the academic performance,motivation and cognitive load level of students in distance education when leaning about communications engineering courses.The samples were 62 distance education students,consisting of 42 part-time adult students from a school of network education and 20 full-time students form a university,all of whom studied remotely in the experimental course.The results show that augmented reality can help distance education students improve their academic performance.As for learning motivation,the enhancement effect is not significant.The study also found that the use of AR did not increase students'cognitive load as long as the guidance was appropriate.
基金supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China under Grant No.2021YFF0901300in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.62173076 and 72271048.
文摘The distributed permutation flow shop scheduling problem(DPFSP)has received increasing attention in recent years.The iterated greedy algorithm(IGA)serves as a powerful optimizer for addressing such a problem because of its straightforward,single-solution evolution framework.However,a potential draw-back of IGA is the lack of utilization of historical information,which could lead to an imbalance between exploration and exploitation,especially in large-scale DPFSPs.As a consequence,this paper develops an IGA with memory and learning mechanisms(MLIGA)to efficiently solve the DPFSP targeted at the mini-malmakespan.InMLIGA,we incorporate a memory mechanism to make a more informed selection of the initial solution at each stage of the search,by extending,reconstructing,and reinforcing the information from previous solutions.In addition,we design a twolayer cooperative reinforcement learning approach to intelligently determine the key parameters of IGA and the operations of the memory mechanism.Meanwhile,to ensure that the experience generated by each perturbation operator is fully learned and to reduce the prior parameters of MLIGA,a probability curve-based acceptance criterion is proposed by combining a cube root function with custom rules.At last,a discrete adaptive learning rate is employed to enhance the stability of the memory and learningmechanisms.Complete ablation experiments are utilized to verify the effectiveness of the memory mechanism,and the results show that this mechanism is capable of improving the performance of IGA to a large extent.Furthermore,through comparative experiments involving MLIGA and five state-of-the-art algorithms on 720 benchmarks,we have discovered that MLI-GA demonstrates significant potential for solving large-scale DPFSPs.This indicates that MLIGA is well-suited for real-world distributed flow shop scheduling.
文摘with the introduction of the different operating management between distance and correspondence course in Kurukshetra University, Devi Ahilya University and Kota University in India, the author show us that this paper will enhance our knowledge about Indian adult education in which we can use for reference.
文摘This study examined the effectiveness of distance education compared with campus based learning among nursing students. Distance education in nursing curricula is increasing. Academic nurse leaders must demonstrate the effectiveness of distance learning. This study is unique in that two cohorts, distance learners and campus learners, were taught synchronously by the same faculty member. Quantitative measures of student learning outcomes were compared using SPSS. There were no significant differences in learning outcomes between distance learners and campus learners. This study provides empiric support for distance education as a means to address the nursing shortage.
文摘Purpose:The purpose of this literature review was to investigate how cooperative learning(CL)has been conceptualized and implemented in Chinese physical education(PE).CL is one of the most influential and widespread areas of theory,research,and practice in western education.With the promotion of Chinese government policies,CL has become a popular field of research and was widely used as a pedagogical practice in Chinese.Design/Approach/Methods:Shulruf’s five methodological steps were utilized as the process of screening and selecting relevant studies.Inductive analysis and constant comparison were conducted for analyzing the chosen literature.Findings:The analytic induction revealed four key themes:(a)historical development,(b)policy influence,(c)conceptualization of CL,and(d)implementation of CL.We found that the conceptualization of CL in Chinese PE was ambiguous,and the implementation of CL was predominantly documented by quantitative research methods.In addition,few studies were conducted at the elementary school level.Originality/Value:This is a comprehensive literature review on CL in Chinese PE.Findings and recommendations in this article will be beneficial for policymakers,scholars,and PE teachers to better understand and promote CL in China.
文摘A distance learning Continuing Medical Education （CME） project based on live interactive presentations and a group participatory model demonstrated that important strides can be made in the quality of CME available to health care professionals in African rural settings. Implementers choose a communication model consistent with the fundamental orality of Kenyan and other sub-Saharan African countries. The project involved four hospitals and one training institution in rural Kenya. The testing of learners and focus group discussions with learners, facilitators and presenters indicated that the project＇s methodologies, that strove to be culturally and work place friendly, contributed to gains in knowledge, competencies including case management, the continuity of patient care, team work, staff morale and other issues of expressed importance to the hospital healthcare work force and hospital administrators. The learning system, known as Advancing Continuing Medical Education through Information Technology （ACME-IT）, was implemented by the Kenyan Ministry of Medical Services, EC Associates and the US-funded Aphia2 Western initiative implemented by PATH. The findings of this pilot suggests that the ACME-IT methodology that set up learning centers at the participating institutions is a promising viable alternative to the traditional and relatively expensive workshop training that characterizes much of CME in lower and middle income countries.
文摘The theory and practice of OUUK learning support service has been widely praised, from the study of composition and dominantof OUUK learning support service system, and as Jiangyin Open Studying center, Wuxi, Jiangsu example, in-depth investigation and analysis ofthe present situation of China＇s distance-education learning support services, explore the reference value of the successful experience of OUUKand inspiration to the distance education in China.
文摘The article examines the world experience of e-learning as well as distance education technologies within the education process organization on higher and post-higher education programs.There have been listed the results of the most popular e-learning platforms analysis.Furthermore,there have been looked through the core legislative background of the development of the mentioned technologies in Russia and worldwide among the universities,specialized in seafarers training.There have been also drawn up the points of the Admiral Makarov State University of Maritime and Inland Shipping(Admiral Makarov SUMIS)design of the distance education system LMS"FARWATER"in compliance with the International Convention on Standards of Training,Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers(STCW Convention).The practical application of distance education system to the advanced professional training has been discussed in the article.
基金supported by Anhui Polytechnic University Introduced Talents Research Fund(No.2021YQQ064)Anhui Polytechnic University ScientificResearch Project(No.Xjky2022168).
文摘Due to the development of digital transformation,intelligent algorithms are getting more and more attention.The whale optimization algorithm(WOA)is one of swarm intelligence optimization algorithms and is widely used to solve practical engineering optimization problems.However,with the increased dimensions,higher requirements are put forward for algorithm performance.The double population whale optimization algorithm with distributed collaboration and reverse learning ability(DCRWOA)is proposed to solve the slow convergence speed and unstable search accuracy of the WOA algorithm in optimization problems.In the DCRWOA algorithm,the novel double population search strategy is constructed.Meanwhile,the reverse learning strategy is adopted in the population search process to help individuals quickly jump out of the non-ideal search area.Numerical experi-ments are carried out using standard test functions with different dimensions(10,50,100,200).The optimization case of shield construction parameters is also used to test the practical application performance of the proposed algo-rithm.The results show that the DCRWOA algorithm has higher optimization accuracy and stability,and the convergence speed is significantly improved.Therefore,the proposed DCRWOA algorithm provides a better method for solving practical optimization problems.
基金Supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China(15ZDA034,14BZZ028)Beijing Social Science Foundation(16JDGLA036)JKF Program of People’s Public Security University of China(2016JKF01318)
文摘Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning（ MARL） is an important topic in the field of artificial intelligence,in which distributed constraint optimization（ DCOP） algorithms have been widely used to coordinate the actions of multiple agents. However,dense communication among agents affects the practicability of DCOP algorithms. In this paper,we propose a novel DCOP algorithm dealing with the previous DCOP algorithms＇ communication problem by reducing constraints.The contributions of this paper are primarily threefold：（1） It is proved that removing constraints can effectively reduce the communication burden of DCOP algorithms.（2） An criterion is provided to identify insignificant constraints whose elimination doesn＇t have a great impact on the performance of the whole system.（3） A constraint-reduced DCOP algorithm is proposed by adopting a variant of spectral clustering algorithm to detect and eliminate the insignificant constraints. Our algorithm reduces the communication burdern of the benchmark DCOP algorithm while keeping its overall performance unaffected. The performance of constraint-reduced DCOP algorithm is evaluated on four configurations of cooperative sensor networks. The effectiveness of communication reduction is also verified by comparisons between the constraint-reduced DCOP and the benchmark DCOP.
文摘A dynamic cooperation model of multi-agent is established by combining reinforcement learning with distributed artificial intelligence(DAI),in which the concept of individual optimization loses its meaning because of the dependence of repayment on each agent itself and the choice of other agents.Utilizing the idea of DAI,the intellectual unit of each robot and the change of task and environment,each agent can make decisions independently and finish various complicated tasks by communication and reciprocation between each other.The method is superior to other reinforcement learning methods commonly used in the multi-agent system.It can improve the convergence velocity of reinforcement learning,decrease requirements of computer memory,and enhance the capability of computing and logical ratiocinating for agent.The result of a simulated robot soccer match proves that the proposed cooperative strategy is valid.
文摘Purpose:This study aimed to explore whether the attitudes of nursing students toward the use of mobile learning are positive or negative and to identify the factors influencing their attitudes by reviewing the literature.Methods:Electronic search of six databases,including PubMed,the Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature,ProQuest,Web of Science,EMBASE,and Cochrane Library,was conducted,and relevant references within articles were manually searched.Retrieval time was from inception to October 21,2020.The literature review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines and the integrative review method.The Mixed Method Appraisal Tool(MMAT)was used for quality assessment.Results:A total of 316 articles were identified,and 18 English-language studies were finally included by reviewing titles,abstracts,and full text.Six quantitative,five qualitative,and seven mixed-method articles related to nursing students’attitudes toward the use of mobile learning were identified.The results showed that most nursing students had positive attitudes toward mobile learning.Although students expressed strong intentions for mobile learning,the actual usage rate in practical settings was low.Several advantageous factors included usefulness,convenience,and ease of use,whereas disadvantageous factors included hardware facility,updated content,and software stability.Conclusion:Most nursing students have positive attitudes and willingness to mobile learning,but the actual use rate remains low.Advantageous and disadvantageous factors coexist.Further studies are needed to assess how mobile learning improves nursing students’clinical knowledge and improves patient care.
