Surfactants are widely used in the fracturing fluid to enhance the imbibition and thus the oil recovery rate. However, current numerical models cannot capture the physics behind capillary imbibition during the wettabi...Surfactants are widely used in the fracturing fluid to enhance the imbibition and thus the oil recovery rate. However, current numerical models cannot capture the physics behind capillary imbibition during the wettability alteration by surfactants. Although the interacting capillary bundle(ICB) model shows potential in characterizing imbibition rates in different pores during wettability alteration, the existing ICB models neglect the influence of wettability and viscosity ratio on the imbibition behavior, making it difficult to accurately describe the oil-water imbibition behavior within the porous media. In this work,a new ICB mathematical model is established by introducing pressure balance without assuming the position of the leading front to comprehensively describe the imbibition behavior in a porous medium under different conditions, including gas-liquid spontaneous imbibition and oil-water imbibition.When the pore size distribution of a tight rock is known, this new model can predict the changes of water saturation during the displacement process in the tight rock, and also determine the imbibition rate in pores of different sizes. The water saturation profiles obtained from the new model are validated against the waterflooding simulation results from the CMG, while the imbibition rates calculated by the model are validated against the experimental observations of gas-liquid spontaneous imbibition. The good match above indicates the newly proposed model can show the water saturation profile at a macroscopic scale while capture the underlying physics of the multiphase flow in a porous medium at a microscopic scale. Simulation results obtained from this model indicate that both wettability and viscosity ratio can affect the sequence of fluid imbibition into pores of different sizes during the multiphase flow, where less-viscous wetting fluid is preferentially imbibed into larger pores while more-viscous wetting fluid tends to be imbibed into smaller pores. Furthermore, this model provides an avenue to calculate the imbibition rate in pores of different sizes during wettability alteration and capture the non-Darcy effect in micro-and nano-scale pores.展开更多
In order to check the validity of the mathematical model for analyzing the flow field in the air-agitated seed precipitation tank,a scaled down experimental apparatus was designed and the colored tracer and KCl tracer...In order to check the validity of the mathematical model for analyzing the flow field in the air-agitated seed precipitation tank,a scaled down experimental apparatus was designed and the colored tracer and KCl tracer were added in the apparatus to follow the real flow line.Virtue tracers were considered in the mathematical model and the algorithm of tracers was built.The comparison of the results between the experiment and numerical calculation shows that the time of the tracer flows out of stirring tube are 40 s in the experiment and 42 s in numerical calculated result.The transient diffusion process and the solution residence time of the numerical calculation are in good agreement with the experimental results,which indicates that the mathematical model is reliable and can be used to predict the flow field of the air-agitated seed precipitation tank.展开更多
A multiphase field model coupled with a lattice Boltzmann(PF-LBM)model is proposed to simulate the distribution mechanism of bubbles and solutes at the solid-liquid interface,the interaction between dendrites and bubb...A multiphase field model coupled with a lattice Boltzmann(PF-LBM)model is proposed to simulate the distribution mechanism of bubbles and solutes at the solid-liquid interface,the interaction between dendrites and bubbles,and the effects of different temperatures,anisotropic strengths and tilting angles on the solidified organization of the SCN-0.24wt.%butanedinitrile alloy during the solidification process.The model adopts a multiphase field model to simulate the growth of dendrites,calculates the growth motions of dendrites based on the interfacial solute equilibrium;and adopts a lattice Boltzmann model(LBM)based on the Shan-Chen multiphase flow to simulate the growth and motions of bubbles in the liquid phase,which includes the interaction between solid-liquid-gas phases.The simulation results show that during the directional growth of columnar dendrites,bubbles first precipitate out slowly at the very bottom of the dendrites,and then rise up due to the different solid-liquid densities and pressure differences.The bubbles will interact with the dendrite in the process of flow migration,such as extrusion,overflow,fusion and disappearance.In the case of wide gaps in the dendrite channels,bubbles will fuse to form larger irregular bubbles,and in the case of dense channels,bubbles will deform due to the extrusion of dendrites.In the simulated region,as the dendrites converge and diverge,the bubbles precipitate out of the dendrites by compression and diffusion,which also causes physical phenomena such as fusion and spillage of the bubbles.These results reveal the physical mechanisms of bubble nucleation,growth and kinematic evolution during solidification and interaction with dendrite growth.展开更多
This study presents a new multiphase flow model with transient heat transfer and pressure coupling to simulate HTHP(high temperature and high pressure)sour gas“kicks”phenomena.The model is intended to support the es...This study presents a new multiphase flow model with transient heat transfer and pressure coupling to simulate HTHP(high temperature and high pressure)sour gas“kicks”phenomena.The model is intended to support the estimation of wellbore temperature and pressure when sour gas kicks occur during drilling operation.The model considers sour gas solubility,phase transition and effects of temperature and pressure on the physical parameters of drilling fluid.Experimental data for a large-diameter pipe flow are used to validate the model.The results indicate that with fluid circulation,the annulus temperature with H2S kicks is the highest,followed by CO_(2),and CH_(4) is the lowest.The phase transition point of H2S is closer to wellhead compared with CO_(2),resulting in a faster expansion rate,which is more imperceptible and dangerous.With fluid circulation,the drilling fluid density and plastic viscosity both first decrease and then increase with the increase in the well depth.The bottom hole pressure when H2S kicks is greater than that for CO_(2) with the same amount of sour gas,and the pressure difference gradually increases with the increase of H2S/CO_(2) content.In addition,a parametric sensitivity analysis has been conducted to evaluate qualitatively and rank the influential factors affecting the bottom hole temperature and pressure.展开更多
In the present paper, Lie group symmetry method is used to obtain some exact solutions for a hyperbolic system of partial differential equations （PDEs）, which governs an isothermal no-slip drift-flux model for multi...In the present paper, Lie group symmetry method is used to obtain some exact solutions for a hyperbolic system of partial differential equations （PDEs）, which governs an isothermal no-slip drift-flux model for multiphase flow problem. Those sym- metries are used for the governing system of equations to obtain infinitesimal transforma- tions, which consequently reduces the governing system of PDEs to a system of ODEs. Further, the solutions of the system of ODEs which in turn produces some exact solutions for the PDEs are presented. Finally, the evolutionary behavior of weak discontinuity is discussed.展开更多
The elliptic flow v2, for π±, K±, p and p in Au＋Au collisions at center-of-mass energies √sNN=7.7, 11.5, 14.5 and 19.6 GeV, is analyzed using a multiphase transport model. A significant difference in the ...The elliptic flow v2, for π±, K±, p and p in Au＋Au collisions at center-of-mass energies √sNN=7.7, 11.5, 14.5 and 19.6 GeV, is analyzed using a multiphase transport model. A significant difference in the v2 values for p and p is observed, and the values of v2 splitting are larger compared with π＋ and π-, K＋ and K-. The difference increases with decreasing the center-of-mass energy. The effect of the quark coalescence mechanism in a multi-phase transport model to the value of elliptic difference △v2 between p and p- has been discussed. The simulation of Au＋Au collisions at 14.5 GeV shows that the effect of hadron cascade to △v2 is not obvious, and a larger patton-scattering cross section can lead to a larger △v2.展开更多
The venturi meter has an advantage in its use,because it can measure flow without being much affected by the type of the measured fluid or flow conditions.Hence,it has excellent versatility and is being widely applied...The venturi meter has an advantage in its use,because it can measure flow without being much affected by the type of the measured fluid or flow conditions.Hence,it has excellent versatility and is being widely applied in many industries.The flow of a liquid containing air is a representative example of a multiphase flow and exhibits complex flow characteristics.In particular,the greater the gas volume fraction（GVF）,the more inhomogeneous the flow becomes.As a result,using a venturi meter to measure the rate of a flow that has a high GVF generates an error.In this study,the cause of the error occurred in measuring the flow rate for the multiphase flow when using the venturi meter for analysis by CFD.To ensure the reliability of this study,the accuracy of the multiphase flow models for numerical analysis was verified through comparison between the calculated results of numerical analysis and the experimental data.As a result,the Grace model,which is a multiphase flow model established by an experiment with water and air,was confirmed to have the highest reliability.Finally,the characteristics of the internal flow Held about the multiphase flow analysis result generated by applying the Grace model were analyzed to find the cause of the uncertainty occurring when measuring the flow rate of the multiphase flow using the venturi meter.A phase separation phenomenon occurred due to a density difference of water and air inside the venturi,and flow inhomogeneity happened according to the flow velocity difference of each phase.It was confirmed that this flow inhomogeneity increased as the GVF increased due to the uncertainty of the flow measurement.展开更多
The pressure-sensitive effect on the pore structure of sandstone was investigated using X-ray computed micro-tomography and QEMSCAN quantitative mineral analysis. In a physical simulation study, we extracted the pore ...The pressure-sensitive effect on the pore structure of sandstone was investigated using X-ray computed micro-tomography and QEMSCAN quantitative mineral analysis. In a physical simulation study, we extracted the pore network model from digital cores at different confining pressures and evaluated the effect of pressure sensitivity on the multiphase displacement process. In both the pore network model and QEMSCAN scanning, the pore structure was observed to be damaged under a high confining pressure. Due to their different scales, the pores and throats exhibited inhomogeneous changes; further, the throats exhibited a significant variation compared to that exhibited by the pores. Meanwhile, the heterogeneity of the pore structure under the two aforementioned activities was aggravated by the elastic-plastic deformation of the pore structure.The pressure-sensitive effect increased the proportion of mineral particles, such as quartz(the main component of the core skeleton), and reduced the proportion of clay minerals. The clay minerals were originally attached to the pore walls or interspersed in the pores; however, as the pressure increased, the clay minerals accumulated in the pores resulting in blockage of the pores. While simulating the multiphase displacement process, increasing the confining pressure was observed to severely restrict the flowability of oil and water. This study promises to improve the efficiency of reservoir development in terms of oil and gas exploitation.展开更多
We constructed a 1：10 cold water experimental model by geometrically scaling down an Isa smelting furnace. The mixing processes at different liquid heights, lance diameters, lance submersion depths, and gas flow rate...We constructed a 1：10 cold water experimental model by geometrically scaling down an Isa smelting furnace. The mixing processes at different liquid heights, lance diameters, lance submersion depths, and gas flow rates were subsequently measured using the conductivity method. A new criterion was proposed to determine the mixing time. On this basis, the quasi-equations of the mixing time as a function of different parameters were established. The parameters of the top-blown smelting process were optimized using high-speed photography. An excessively high gas flow rate or excessively low liquid height would enhance the fluctuation and splashing of liquid in the bath, which is unfavorable for material mixing. Simultaneously increasing the lance diameter and the lance submersion depth would promote the mixing in the bath, thereby improving the smelting efficiency.展开更多
A multicomponent multiphase（MCMP） pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann（LB） model with large liquid–gas density ratios is proposed for simulating the wetting phenomena. In the proposed model, two layers of neighborin...A multicomponent multiphase（MCMP） pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann（LB） model with large liquid–gas density ratios is proposed for simulating the wetting phenomena. In the proposed model, two layers of neighboring nodes are adopted to calculate the fluid–fluid cohesion force with higher isotropy order. In addition, the different-time-step method is employed to calculate the processes of particle propagation and collision for the two fluid components with a large pseudoparticle mass contrast. It is found that the spurious current is remarkably reduced by employing the higher isotropy order calculation of the fluid–fluid cohesion force. The maximum spurious current appearing at the phase interfaces is evidently influenced by the magnitudes of fluid–fluid and fluid–solid interaction strengths, but weakly affected by the time step ratio.The density ratio analyses show that the liquid–gas density ratio is dependent on both the fluid–fluid interaction strength and the time step ratio. For the liquid–gas flow simulations without solid phase, the maximum liquid–gas density ratio achieved by the present model is higher than 1000：1. However, the obtainable maximum liquid–gas density ratio in the solid–liquid–gas system is lower. Wetting phenomena of droplets contacting smooth/rough solid surfaces and the dynamic process of liquid movement in a capillary tube are simulated to validate the proposed model in different solid–liquid–gas coexisting systems. It is shown that the simulated intrinsic contact angles of droplets on smooth surfaces are in good agreement with those predicted by the constructed LB formula that is related to Young＇s equation. The apparent contact angles of droplets on rough surfaces compare reasonably well with the predictions of Cassie＇s law. For the simulation of liquid movement in a capillary tube, the linear relation between the liquid–gas interface position and simulation time is observed, which is identical to the analytical prediction. The simulation results regarding the wetting phenomena of droplets on smooth/rough surfaces and the dynamic process of liquid movement in the capillary tube demonstrate the quantitative capability of the proposed model.展开更多
A mathematical model for coupled multiphase fluid flow and sedi- mentation deformation is developed based on fluid-solid interaction mechanism.A finite difference-finite element numerical approach is presented.The res...A mathematical model for coupled multiphase fluid flow and sedi- mentation deformation is developed based on fluid-solid interaction mechanism.A finite difference-finite element numerical approach is presented.The results of an example show that the fluid-solid coupled effect has great influence on multiphase fluid flow and reservoir recovery performances,and the coupled model has practical significance for oilfield development.展开更多
A reliable multiphase flow simulator is an important tool to improve wellbore integrity and production decision-making.To develop a multiphase flow model with high adaptability and high accuracy,we first build a multi...A reliable multiphase flow simulator is an important tool to improve wellbore integrity and production decision-making.To develop a multiphase flow model with high adaptability and high accuracy,we first build a multiphase flow database with 3561 groups of data and developed a drift closure relationship with stable continuity and high adaptability.Second,a high-order numerical scheme with strong fault capture ability is constructed by effectively combining MUSCL technology,van Albada slope limiter and AUSMV numerical scheme.Finally,the energy equation is coupled into the AUSMV numerical scheme of the drift flow model in the form of finite difference.A transient non-isothermal wellbore multiphase flow model with wide applicability is formed by integrating the three technologies,and the effects of various factors on the calculation accuracy are studied.The accuracy of the simulator is verified by comparing the measurement results with the blowout experiment of a full-scale experimental well.展开更多
The article is dedicated to the analysis and modeling of the operation modes of low-flow wells with extended horizontal wellbore(HW)and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing(MHF)during artificial lift with an electric subm...The article is dedicated to the analysis and modeling of the operation modes of low-flow wells with extended horizontal wellbore(HW)and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing(MHF)during artificial lift with an electric submersible pump(ESP).A comprehensive analysis of the operation modes of Bazhenov formation wells with HW and MHF,working with ESP,has been conducted.Complications in the operation of ESP in such wells,related to proppant carryover,constant productivity decline,and gas factor growth,are shown,and operational data of various types of ESP in wells with complex con-struction are provided.One of the main parts of the manuscript is the new methodology for creating a model of multiphase transient flow in a well with ESP operating in periodic short-term activation(PSA)mode using specialized software.Various approaches for numerical modeling of transient multiphase flows in a well with ESP and a bottomhole separator were used to accurately describe the physical processes.Difficulties that may arise during well operation were demonstrated through the analysis of field data and numerical modeling results.The work includes modeling of complications in HW due to proppant carryover from MHF fractures,resulting in flow blockage in the well.The article demonstrates the process of tuning transient operation modes of a well with ESP in PSA mode using specialized software based on real field data(multiphase flowmeter,pressure gauges,etc.),taking into account the well construction,ESP characteristics,additional equipment(valves,separator,etc.),and reservoir pa-rameters.The model was tuned to actual data,and possible ways of optimizing the operation mode were shown.In addition,the work provides an analysis of the sensitivity of fluid properties and well pa-rameters to non-stationary flow in the well.展开更多
A three-dimensional Eulerian multiphase model, with closure law according to the kinetic theory of granular flow, was used to study the gas/solid flow behaviors in spout-fluid beds. The influences of the coefficient o...A three-dimensional Eulerian multiphase model, with closure law according to the kinetic theory of granular flow, was used to study the gas/solid flow behaviors in spout-fluid beds. The influences of the coefficient of restitution due to non-ideal particle collisions on the simulated results were tested. It is demonstrated that the simulated result is strongly affected by the coefficient of restitution. Comparison of simulations with experiments in a small spout-fluid bed showed that an appropriate coefficient of restitution of 0.93 was necessary to simulate the flow characteristics in an underdesigned large size of spout-fluid bed coal gasifier with diameter of lm and height of 6m. The internal jet and gas/solid flow patterns at different operating conditions were obtained. The simulations show that an optimal gas/solid flow pattern for coal gasification is found when the spouting gas flow rate is equal to the fluidizing gas flow rate and the total of them is two and a half times the minimum fluidizing gas flow rate. Besides, the radial distributions of particle velocity and gas velocity show similar tendencies; the radial distributions of particle phase pressure due to particle collisions and the particle pseudo-temperature corresponding to the macroscopic kinetic energy of the random particle motion also show similar tendencies. These indicate that both gas drag force and particle collisions dominate the movement of particles.展开更多
基金financially supported by the General Program Grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52274051 and 52174045)the Strategic Cooperation Technology Projects of CNPC and CUPB(ZLZX2020-01)the Foundation for Innovative Research Groups of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(51521063)。
文摘Surfactants are widely used in the fracturing fluid to enhance the imbibition and thus the oil recovery rate. However, current numerical models cannot capture the physics behind capillary imbibition during the wettability alteration by surfactants. Although the interacting capillary bundle(ICB) model shows potential in characterizing imbibition rates in different pores during wettability alteration, the existing ICB models neglect the influence of wettability and viscosity ratio on the imbibition behavior, making it difficult to accurately describe the oil-water imbibition behavior within the porous media. In this work,a new ICB mathematical model is established by introducing pressure balance without assuming the position of the leading front to comprehensively describe the imbibition behavior in a porous medium under different conditions, including gas-liquid spontaneous imbibition and oil-water imbibition.When the pore size distribution of a tight rock is known, this new model can predict the changes of water saturation during the displacement process in the tight rock, and also determine the imbibition rate in pores of different sizes. The water saturation profiles obtained from the new model are validated against the waterflooding simulation results from the CMG, while the imbibition rates calculated by the model are validated against the experimental observations of gas-liquid spontaneous imbibition. The good match above indicates the newly proposed model can show the water saturation profile at a macroscopic scale while capture the underlying physics of the multiphase flow in a porous medium at a microscopic scale. Simulation results obtained from this model indicate that both wettability and viscosity ratio can affect the sequence of fluid imbibition into pores of different sizes during the multiphase flow, where less-viscous wetting fluid is preferentially imbibed into larger pores while more-viscous wetting fluid tends to be imbibed into smaller pores. Furthermore, this model provides an avenue to calculate the imbibition rate in pores of different sizes during wettability alteration and capture the non-Darcy effect in micro-and nano-scale pores.
基金Project(07JJ4016) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Procvince,China
文摘In order to check the validity of the mathematical model for analyzing the flow field in the air-agitated seed precipitation tank,a scaled down experimental apparatus was designed and the colored tracer and KCl tracer were added in the apparatus to follow the real flow line.Virtue tracers were considered in the mathematical model and the algorithm of tracers was built.The comparison of the results between the experiment and numerical calculation shows that the time of the tracer flows out of stirring tube are 40 s in the experiment and 42 s in numerical calculated result.The transient diffusion process and the solution residence time of the numerical calculation are in good agreement with the experimental results,which indicates that the mathematical model is reliable and can be used to predict the flow field of the air-agitated seed precipitation tank.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52161002,51661020,and 11364024)the Postdoctoral Science Foundation of China(Grant No.2014M560371)the Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists of Lanzhou University of Technology of China(Grant No.J201304).
文摘A multiphase field model coupled with a lattice Boltzmann(PF-LBM)model is proposed to simulate the distribution mechanism of bubbles and solutes at the solid-liquid interface,the interaction between dendrites and bubbles,and the effects of different temperatures,anisotropic strengths and tilting angles on the solidified organization of the SCN-0.24wt.%butanedinitrile alloy during the solidification process.The model adopts a multiphase field model to simulate the growth of dendrites,calculates the growth motions of dendrites based on the interfacial solute equilibrium;and adopts a lattice Boltzmann model(LBM)based on the Shan-Chen multiphase flow to simulate the growth and motions of bubbles in the liquid phase,which includes the interaction between solid-liquid-gas phases.The simulation results show that during the directional growth of columnar dendrites,bubbles first precipitate out slowly at the very bottom of the dendrites,and then rise up due to the different solid-liquid densities and pressure differences.The bubbles will interact with the dendrite in the process of flow migration,such as extrusion,overflow,fusion and disappearance.In the case of wide gaps in the dendrite channels,bubbles will fuse to form larger irregular bubbles,and in the case of dense channels,bubbles will deform due to the extrusion of dendrites.In the simulated region,as the dendrites converge and diverge,the bubbles precipitate out of the dendrites by compression and diffusion,which also causes physical phenomena such as fusion and spillage of the bubbles.These results reveal the physical mechanisms of bubble nucleation,growth and kinematic evolution during solidification and interaction with dendrite growth.
基金financial supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Contract Nos.51904034,51734010).
文摘This study presents a new multiphase flow model with transient heat transfer and pressure coupling to simulate HTHP(high temperature and high pressure)sour gas“kicks”phenomena.The model is intended to support the estimation of wellbore temperature and pressure when sour gas kicks occur during drilling operation.The model considers sour gas solubility,phase transition and effects of temperature and pressure on the physical parameters of drilling fluid.Experimental data for a large-diameter pipe flow are used to validate the model.The results indicate that with fluid circulation,the annulus temperature with H2S kicks is the highest,followed by CO_(2),and CH_(4) is the lowest.The phase transition point of H2S is closer to wellhead compared with CO_(2),resulting in a faster expansion rate,which is more imperceptible and dangerous.With fluid circulation,the drilling fluid density and plastic viscosity both first decrease and then increase with the increase in the well depth.The bottom hole pressure when H2S kicks is greater than that for CO_(2) with the same amount of sour gas,and the pressure difference gradually increases with the increase of H2S/CO_(2) content.In addition,a parametric sensitivity analysis has been conducted to evaluate qualitatively and rank the influential factors affecting the bottom hole temperature and pressure.
基金Project supported by the Ministry of Minority Affairs through UGC,Government of India(No.F1-17.1/2010/MANF-CHR-ORI-1839)the Industrial Consultancy,IIT Kharagpur(No.IIT/SRIC/ISIRD/2013-14)
文摘In the present paper, Lie group symmetry method is used to obtain some exact solutions for a hyperbolic system of partial differential equations （PDEs）, which governs an isothermal no-slip drift-flux model for multiphase flow problem. Those sym- metries are used for the governing system of equations to obtain infinitesimal transforma- tions, which consequently reduces the governing system of PDEs to a system of ODEs. Further, the solutions of the system of ODEs which in turn produces some exact solutions for the PDEs are presented. Finally, the evolutionary behavior of weak discontinuity is discussed.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No U1332125the Program for Innovation Research of Science in Harbin Institute of Technology under Grant No B201408
文摘The elliptic flow v2, for π±, K±, p and p in Au＋Au collisions at center-of-mass energies √sNN=7.7, 11.5, 14.5 and 19.6 GeV, is analyzed using a multiphase transport model. A significant difference in the v2 values for p and p is observed, and the values of v2 splitting are larger compared with π＋ and π-, K＋ and K-. The difference increases with decreasing the center-of-mass energy. The effect of the quark coalescence mechanism in a multi-phase transport model to the value of elliptic difference △v2 between p and p- has been discussed. The simulation of Au＋Au collisions at 14.5 GeV shows that the effect of hadron cascade to △v2 is not obvious, and a larger patton-scattering cross section can lead to a larger △v2.
基金supported by the Industrial Infrastructure Program through The Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology(KIAT) Grant funded by the Korea government Ministry of Trade,Industry and Energy(Grant N0000502)
文摘The venturi meter has an advantage in its use,because it can measure flow without being much affected by the type of the measured fluid or flow conditions.Hence,it has excellent versatility and is being widely applied in many industries.The flow of a liquid containing air is a representative example of a multiphase flow and exhibits complex flow characteristics.In particular,the greater the gas volume fraction（GVF）,the more inhomogeneous the flow becomes.As a result,using a venturi meter to measure the rate of a flow that has a high GVF generates an error.In this study,the cause of the error occurred in measuring the flow rate for the multiphase flow when using the venturi meter for analysis by CFD.To ensure the reliability of this study,the accuracy of the multiphase flow models for numerical analysis was verified through comparison between the calculated results of numerical analysis and the experimental data.As a result,the Grace model,which is a multiphase flow model established by an experiment with water and air,was confirmed to have the highest reliability.Finally,the characteristics of the internal flow Held about the multiphase flow analysis result generated by applying the Grace model were analyzed to find the cause of the uncertainty occurring when measuring the flow rate of the multiphase flow using the venturi meter.A phase separation phenomenon occurred due to a density difference of water and air inside the venturi,and flow inhomogeneity happened according to the flow velocity difference of each phase.It was confirmed that this flow inhomogeneity increased as the GVF increased due to the uncertainty of the flow measurement.
文摘The pressure-sensitive effect on the pore structure of sandstone was investigated using X-ray computed micro-tomography and QEMSCAN quantitative mineral analysis. In a physical simulation study, we extracted the pore network model from digital cores at different confining pressures and evaluated the effect of pressure sensitivity on the multiphase displacement process. In both the pore network model and QEMSCAN scanning, the pore structure was observed to be damaged under a high confining pressure. Due to their different scales, the pores and throats exhibited inhomogeneous changes; further, the throats exhibited a significant variation compared to that exhibited by the pores. Meanwhile, the heterogeneity of the pore structure under the two aforementioned activities was aggravated by the elastic-plastic deformation of the pore structure.The pressure-sensitive effect increased the proportion of mineral particles, such as quartz(the main component of the core skeleton), and reduced the proportion of clay minerals. The clay minerals were originally attached to the pore walls or interspersed in the pores; however, as the pressure increased, the clay minerals accumulated in the pores resulting in blockage of the pores. While simulating the multiphase displacement process, increasing the confining pressure was observed to severely restrict the flowability of oil and water. This study promises to improve the efficiency of reservoir development in terms of oil and gas exploitation.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51504018)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2015M580986)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-TP-15-069A1)
文摘We constructed a 1：10 cold water experimental model by geometrically scaling down an Isa smelting furnace. The mixing processes at different liquid heights, lance diameters, lance submersion depths, and gas flow rates were subsequently measured using the conductivity method. A new criterion was proposed to determine the mixing time. On this basis, the quasi-equations of the mixing time as a function of different parameters were established. The parameters of the top-blown smelting process were optimized using high-speed photography. An excessively high gas flow rate or excessively low liquid height would enhance the fluctuation and splashing of liquid in the bath, which is unfavorable for material mixing. Simultaneously increasing the lance diameter and the lance submersion depth would promote the mixing in the bath, thereby improving the smelting efficiency.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.51371051 and 51306037)the Scientific Research Foundation of Graduate School of Southeast University,China(Grant No.YBJJ1627)
文摘A multicomponent multiphase（MCMP） pseudopotential lattice Boltzmann（LB） model with large liquid–gas density ratios is proposed for simulating the wetting phenomena. In the proposed model, two layers of neighboring nodes are adopted to calculate the fluid–fluid cohesion force with higher isotropy order. In addition, the different-time-step method is employed to calculate the processes of particle propagation and collision for the two fluid components with a large pseudoparticle mass contrast. It is found that the spurious current is remarkably reduced by employing the higher isotropy order calculation of the fluid–fluid cohesion force. The maximum spurious current appearing at the phase interfaces is evidently influenced by the magnitudes of fluid–fluid and fluid–solid interaction strengths, but weakly affected by the time step ratio.The density ratio analyses show that the liquid–gas density ratio is dependent on both the fluid–fluid interaction strength and the time step ratio. For the liquid–gas flow simulations without solid phase, the maximum liquid–gas density ratio achieved by the present model is higher than 1000：1. However, the obtainable maximum liquid–gas density ratio in the solid–liquid–gas system is lower. Wetting phenomena of droplets contacting smooth/rough solid surfaces and the dynamic process of liquid movement in a capillary tube are simulated to validate the proposed model in different solid–liquid–gas coexisting systems. It is shown that the simulated intrinsic contact angles of droplets on smooth surfaces are in good agreement with those predicted by the constructed LB formula that is related to Young＇s equation. The apparent contact angles of droplets on rough surfaces compare reasonably well with the predictions of Cassie＇s law. For the simulation of liquid movement in a capillary tube, the linear relation between the liquid–gas interface position and simulation time is observed, which is identical to the analytical prediction. The simulation results regarding the wetting phenomena of droplets on smooth/rough surfaces and the dynamic process of liquid movement in the capillary tube demonstrate the quantitative capability of the proposed model.
文摘A mathematical model for coupled multiphase fluid flow and sedi- mentation deformation is developed based on fluid-solid interaction mechanism.A finite difference-finite element numerical approach is presented.The results of an example show that the fluid-solid coupled effect has great influence on multiphase fluid flow and reservoir recovery performances,and the coupled model has practical significance for oilfield development.
基金The work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51874045)National Natural Science Foundation-Youth Foundation(52104056)+2 种基金Department of Natural Resources of Guangdong Province(GDNRC[2021]56)Postdoctoral innovative talents support program in China(BX2021374)Scientific Research Program of Hubei Provincial Department of Education(T2021004).
文摘A reliable multiphase flow simulator is an important tool to improve wellbore integrity and production decision-making.To develop a multiphase flow model with high adaptability and high accuracy,we first build a multiphase flow database with 3561 groups of data and developed a drift closure relationship with stable continuity and high adaptability.Second,a high-order numerical scheme with strong fault capture ability is constructed by effectively combining MUSCL technology,van Albada slope limiter and AUSMV numerical scheme.Finally,the energy equation is coupled into the AUSMV numerical scheme of the drift flow model in the form of finite difference.A transient non-isothermal wellbore multiphase flow model with wide applicability is formed by integrating the three technologies,and the effects of various factors on the calculation accuracy are studied.The accuracy of the simulator is verified by comparing the measurement results with the blowout experiment of a full-scale experimental well.
文摘The article is dedicated to the analysis and modeling of the operation modes of low-flow wells with extended horizontal wellbore(HW)and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing(MHF)during artificial lift with an electric submersible pump(ESP).A comprehensive analysis of the operation modes of Bazhenov formation wells with HW and MHF,working with ESP,has been conducted.Complications in the operation of ESP in such wells,related to proppant carryover,constant productivity decline,and gas factor growth,are shown,and operational data of various types of ESP in wells with complex con-struction are provided.One of the main parts of the manuscript is the new methodology for creating a model of multiphase transient flow in a well with ESP operating in periodic short-term activation(PSA)mode using specialized software.Various approaches for numerical modeling of transient multiphase flows in a well with ESP and a bottomhole separator were used to accurately describe the physical processes.Difficulties that may arise during well operation were demonstrated through the analysis of field data and numerical modeling results.The work includes modeling of complications in HW due to proppant carryover from MHF fractures,resulting in flow blockage in the well.The article demonstrates the process of tuning transient operation modes of a well with ESP in PSA mode using specialized software based on real field data(multiphase flowmeter,pressure gauges,etc.),taking into account the well construction,ESP characteristics,additional equipment(valves,separator,etc.),and reservoir pa-rameters.The model was tuned to actual data,and possible ways of optimizing the operation mode were shown.In addition,the work provides an analysis of the sensitivity of fluid properties and well pa-rameters to non-stationary flow in the well.
基金Supported by the National Key Program of Basic Research in China (No.2004CB217702, No.2005CB221202, No.2006CB20030201) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.20590367, No.50676021, No.50606006).
文摘A three-dimensional Eulerian multiphase model, with closure law according to the kinetic theory of granular flow, was used to study the gas/solid flow behaviors in spout-fluid beds. The influences of the coefficient of restitution due to non-ideal particle collisions on the simulated results were tested. It is demonstrated that the simulated result is strongly affected by the coefficient of restitution. Comparison of simulations with experiments in a small spout-fluid bed showed that an appropriate coefficient of restitution of 0.93 was necessary to simulate the flow characteristics in an underdesigned large size of spout-fluid bed coal gasifier with diameter of lm and height of 6m. The internal jet and gas/solid flow patterns at different operating conditions were obtained. The simulations show that an optimal gas/solid flow pattern for coal gasification is found when the spouting gas flow rate is equal to the fluidizing gas flow rate and the total of them is two and a half times the minimum fluidizing gas flow rate. Besides, the radial distributions of particle velocity and gas velocity show similar tendencies; the radial distributions of particle phase pressure due to particle collisions and the particle pseudo-temperature corresponding to the macroscopic kinetic energy of the random particle motion also show similar tendencies. These indicate that both gas drag force and particle collisions dominate the movement of particles.
