There are many industries supporting Chinas economic development, among which forestry industry is one, which can not only support Chinas economic development, but also promote the construction of Chinas green ecologi...There are many industries supporting Chinas economic development, among which forestry industry is one, which can not only support Chinas economic development, but also promote the construction of Chinas green ecological health goal. With the increasing demand and standard of residents for forestry resources, the position and function of forest resources protection become more important. Only by strengthening forest resources protection can we promote the rapid development of Chinas economy. However, there are many shortcomings in the actual design scheme of forestry resources protection, which are inconsistent with the actual forestry development goals. Therefore, many strategies of moral resources protection are adjusted according to the characteristics of different regions according to local conditions, so as to truly achieve the goal of protecting the ecological environment scientifically.展开更多
China has a vast land and rich resources. Due to the large population in China, the per capita possession of resources is relatively low. We should strengthen the protection of existing resources and improve the utili...China has a vast land and rich resources. Due to the large population in China, the per capita possession of resources is relatively low. We should strengthen the protection of existing resources and improve the utilization rate of resources. In recent years, it has been paid attention to by relevant departments. The scale of forestry in China is gradually expanding in the process of economic development, which brings some difficulties to the work of forest resource management departments and improves the difficulty of management work. Strengthening the quality of forestry investigation and planning design can effectively promote the development of China's social economy, but also conducive to the development of ecological environmental protection work. Based on the specific situation of forest resources protection and management in Xinjiang, this paper introduces the local forestry investigation, planning and design and forest resources protection content firstly, and analyzes its role in forest resources protection, management and utilization, and puts forward relevant countermeasures, for reference only.展开更多
With the rapid development of economy and the improvement of productivity, it will inevitably cause some environmental damage. In environmental protection work, environmental monitoring technology is an indispensable ...With the rapid development of economy and the improvement of productivity, it will inevitably cause some environmental damage. In environmental protection work, environmental monitoring technology is an indispensable and important content. On this basis, this paper discusses the important position of environmental monitoring in environmental protection. At the same time, specific measures to ensure the quality of environmental monitoring are put forward.展开更多
Faced with the conflict between the environmental protection and timber production, the concept of new forestry and the effect of new forestry objectives on existing harvesting techniques and equipment have been intro...Faced with the conflict between the environmental protection and timber production, the concept of new forestry and the effect of new forestry objectives on existing harvesting techniques and equipment have been introduced. Adaptive management-a help tool for developing new harvesting techniques and equipment has been proposed. An adaptive approach for developing a forest harvesting for new forestry should be composed of careful planing, considerable hypotheses, detailed testing and evaluating as well as correct and fast feedback. New forestry practices are by no means easy because the complexity of the problem and almost every thing is new. We will see more successful new harvesting techniques and equipment being developing by adaptive approach for new forestry in the future.展开更多
We examined the local community incentive programs to improve traditional forest management in three forested villages in Baneh city, Kurdistan province in the northern Zagros forests of western Iran. Zagros forests c...We examined the local community incentive programs to improve traditional forest management in three forested villages in Baneh city, Kurdistan province in the northern Zagros forests of western Iran. Zagros forests cover 6.07 million ha and support rich plant and animal diversity. Changes in local community social and economic sys-tems and the inefficiency of traditional forest management led to a criti-cal situation in the stability of forest regeneration in recent decades. Due to a shortage of productive and arable lands and resulting unemployment and poverty, people overexploited the Zagros forests. Outside interven-tion in traditional forest management creates conflicts between local peoples and forest management organizations. To achieve sustainable forest management, including forest resources conservation and im-provement of natural resource based livelihoods of communities, it is desirable to implement Forestry Incentive Programs （FIP） based on the important functions of forests. Detailed information on the so-cio-economics of communities, the effect of forests on local livelihoods, and lists of products extracted from the forest were obtained from a sur-vey of local communities though questionnaire, interview and observa-tion. We studied 276 households in three villages and completed 76 ques-tionnaires by householders in the quantitative analysis. Sampling was performed by simple random sampling （SRS）. The needs of rural com-munities, such as livestock husbandry, mainly arise from the characteris-tics and environmental features of villages. We identified the driving forces, pressures, status, impacts and responses （DPSIR） to design incen-tive programs, by DPSIR analysis and interaction analysis. Evaluation of local community benefits from forests showed that in order to improve forest management, 319 dollars per year would be needed by each family as an incentive in 2010 to prevent lopping and firewood collecting, the main causes of forest degradation.展开更多
Environmental protection is an important topic of global concern in recent years,and environmental monitoring is one of the most intuitive and effective means to reflect the environmental situation.With the increasing...Environmental protection is an important topic of global concern in recent years,and environmental monitoring is one of the most intuitive and effective means to reflect the environmental situation.With the increasing task of environmental monitoring,the number of environmental monitoring institutions is increasing.It should strengthen quality management to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of environmental monitoring results.展开更多
A protective forest,including shelterbelt,windbreak,and shelter forest as its synonyms,is characterized by the protective functions of various forest types distributed or planted on ecologically fragile areas or nearb...A protective forest,including shelterbelt,windbreak,and shelter forest as its synonyms,is characterized by the protective functions of various forest types distributed or planted on ecologically fragile areas or nearby the objects that need to be protected using the ecological effects of forests.Ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests is one of the disciplinary orientations in forest ecology and management.Most protective forest studies are dependent on forestry eco-engineering,such as the Great Plains Shelterbelt Project in the United States,the Great Plan for the Transformation of Nature in the Soviet Union,and the Three-North Afforestation Program in China.The development of sustainable management of protective forests has been given increasing attention by governments,scientists,and media due to their impacts on environment conservation and global change.We introduce forestry ecoengineering and provide a review of their main ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests.Ecological mechanisms for management systems currently applied are emphasized,i.e.,the theory of protection maturity and phase-directional management;the relationship between structure and protective functions and structural optimization measures;and,the decline mechanism and ecological restoration strategies.In addition,several unresolved problems in management practices of protective forests are discussed as well as the prospects for ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests in the future,which include:(1)theories and technologies for management practices of protective forests at the landscape or regional scale;(2)the decline mechanisms and corresponding ecological restoration approaches across multiple scales;and,(3)the comprehensive assessment of forestry eco-engineering at large-scales based on ecosystem principles.展开更多
文摘There are many industries supporting Chinas economic development, among which forestry industry is one, which can not only support Chinas economic development, but also promote the construction of Chinas green ecological health goal. With the increasing demand and standard of residents for forestry resources, the position and function of forest resources protection become more important. Only by strengthening forest resources protection can we promote the rapid development of Chinas economy. However, there are many shortcomings in the actual design scheme of forestry resources protection, which are inconsistent with the actual forestry development goals. Therefore, many strategies of moral resources protection are adjusted according to the characteristics of different regions according to local conditions, so as to truly achieve the goal of protecting the ecological environment scientifically.
文摘China has a vast land and rich resources. Due to the large population in China, the per capita possession of resources is relatively low. We should strengthen the protection of existing resources and improve the utilization rate of resources. In recent years, it has been paid attention to by relevant departments. The scale of forestry in China is gradually expanding in the process of economic development, which brings some difficulties to the work of forest resource management departments and improves the difficulty of management work. Strengthening the quality of forestry investigation and planning design can effectively promote the development of China's social economy, but also conducive to the development of ecological environmental protection work. Based on the specific situation of forest resources protection and management in Xinjiang, this paper introduces the local forestry investigation, planning and design and forest resources protection content firstly, and analyzes its role in forest resources protection, management and utilization, and puts forward relevant countermeasures, for reference only.
文摘With the rapid development of economy and the improvement of productivity, it will inevitably cause some environmental damage. In environmental protection work, environmental monitoring technology is an indispensable and important content. On this basis, this paper discusses the important position of environmental monitoring in environmental protection. At the same time, specific measures to ensure the quality of environmental monitoring are put forward.
文摘Faced with the conflict between the environmental protection and timber production, the concept of new forestry and the effect of new forestry objectives on existing harvesting techniques and equipment have been introduced. Adaptive management-a help tool for developing new harvesting techniques and equipment has been proposed. An adaptive approach for developing a forest harvesting for new forestry should be composed of careful planing, considerable hypotheses, detailed testing and evaluating as well as correct and fast feedback. New forestry practices are by no means easy because the complexity of the problem and almost every thing is new. We will see more successful new harvesting techniques and equipment being developing by adaptive approach for new forestry in the future.
文摘We examined the local community incentive programs to improve traditional forest management in three forested villages in Baneh city, Kurdistan province in the northern Zagros forests of western Iran. Zagros forests cover 6.07 million ha and support rich plant and animal diversity. Changes in local community social and economic sys-tems and the inefficiency of traditional forest management led to a criti-cal situation in the stability of forest regeneration in recent decades. Due to a shortage of productive and arable lands and resulting unemployment and poverty, people overexploited the Zagros forests. Outside interven-tion in traditional forest management creates conflicts between local peoples and forest management organizations. To achieve sustainable forest management, including forest resources conservation and im-provement of natural resource based livelihoods of communities, it is desirable to implement Forestry Incentive Programs （FIP） based on the important functions of forests. Detailed information on the so-cio-economics of communities, the effect of forests on local livelihoods, and lists of products extracted from the forest were obtained from a sur-vey of local communities though questionnaire, interview and observa-tion. We studied 276 households in three villages and completed 76 ques-tionnaires by householders in the quantitative analysis. Sampling was performed by simple random sampling （SRS）. The needs of rural com-munities, such as livestock husbandry, mainly arise from the characteris-tics and environmental features of villages. We identified the driving forces, pressures, status, impacts and responses （DPSIR） to design incen-tive programs, by DPSIR analysis and interaction analysis. Evaluation of local community benefits from forests showed that in order to improve forest management, 319 dollars per year would be needed by each family as an incentive in 2010 to prevent lopping and firewood collecting, the main causes of forest degradation.
文摘Environmental protection is an important topic of global concern in recent years,and environmental monitoring is one of the most intuitive and effective means to reflect the environmental situation.With the increasing task of environmental monitoring,the number of environmental monitoring institutions is increasing.It should strengthen quality management to ensure the accuracy and effectiveness of environmental monitoring results.
基金supported by grants from the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,CAS(QYZDJSSW-DQC027)National Natural Science Foundation of China(31770757,31770758)+1 种基金the Consultation Project supported by Divisions of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(2019-ZW09-A-032)“Research on Development of Key Subjects in 2020−2021”from Ecological Society of China.
文摘A protective forest,including shelterbelt,windbreak,and shelter forest as its synonyms,is characterized by the protective functions of various forest types distributed or planted on ecologically fragile areas or nearby the objects that need to be protected using the ecological effects of forests.Ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests is one of the disciplinary orientations in forest ecology and management.Most protective forest studies are dependent on forestry eco-engineering,such as the Great Plains Shelterbelt Project in the United States,the Great Plan for the Transformation of Nature in the Soviet Union,and the Three-North Afforestation Program in China.The development of sustainable management of protective forests has been given increasing attention by governments,scientists,and media due to their impacts on environment conservation and global change.We introduce forestry ecoengineering and provide a review of their main ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests.Ecological mechanisms for management systems currently applied are emphasized,i.e.,the theory of protection maturity and phase-directional management;the relationship between structure and protective functions and structural optimization measures;and,the decline mechanism and ecological restoration strategies.In addition,several unresolved problems in management practices of protective forests are discussed as well as the prospects for ecological mechanisms for management practices of protective forests in the future,which include:(1)theories and technologies for management practices of protective forests at the landscape or regional scale;(2)the decline mechanisms and corresponding ecological restoration approaches across multiple scales;and,(3)the comprehensive assessment of forestry eco-engineering at large-scales based on ecosystem principles.
