This study directs the discussion of HIV disease with a novel kind of complex dynamical generalized and piecewise operator in the sense of classical and Atangana Baleanu(AB)derivatives having arbitrary order.The HIV i...This study directs the discussion of HIV disease with a novel kind of complex dynamical generalized and piecewise operator in the sense of classical and Atangana Baleanu(AB)derivatives having arbitrary order.The HIV infection model has a susceptible class,a recovered class,along with a case of infection divided into three sub-different levels or categories and the recovered class.The total time interval is converted into two,which are further investigated for ordinary and fractional order operators of the AB derivative,respectively.The proposed model is tested separately for unique solutions and existence on bi intervals.The numerical solution of the proposed model is treated by the piece-wise numerical iterative scheme of Newtons Polynomial.The proposed method is established for piece-wise derivatives under natural order and non-singular Mittag-Leffler Law.The cross-over or bending characteristics in the dynamical system of HIV are easily examined by the aspect of this research having a memory effect for controlling the said disease.This study uses the neural network(NN)technique to obtain a better set of weights with low residual errors,and the epochs number is considered 1000.The obtained figures represent the approximate solution and absolute error which are tested with NN to train the data accurately.展开更多
Although national transplant organizations share common visions and goals,the creation of a unified global organization remains impractical.Differences in ethnicity,culture,religion,and education shape local practices...Although national transplant organizations share common visions and goals,the creation of a unified global organization remains impractical.Differences in ethnicity,culture,religion,and education shape local practices and infrastructure,making the establishment of a single global entity unfeasible.Even with these social disparities aside,logistical factors such as time and distance between organ procurement and transplantation sites pose significant challenges.While technological advancements have extended organ preservation times,they have yet to support the demands of transcontinental transplantations effectively.This review presents a comparative analysis of the structures,operational frameworks,policies,and legislation governing various transplant organizations around the world.Key differences pertain to the administration of these organizations,trends in organ donation,and organ allocation policies,which reflect the financial,cultural,and religious diversity across different regions.While a global transplant organization may be out of reach,agreeing on best practices for the benefit of patients is essential.展开更多
In the paper, we study a compressible two-fluid model in ℝ3, where γ±>1. The pressure of the two fluids is equal. Different from previous research, we consider that viscosity coefficient both μand λare func...In the paper, we study a compressible two-fluid model in ℝ3, where γ±>1. The pressure of the two fluids is equal. Different from previous research, we consider that viscosity coefficient both μand λare functions of density. The global well-posedness of the three-dimensional compressible two-phase flow model is an open problem due to its dissipative, nonlinear structure. In the paper, setting m±=M±and Z=P−P¯, by exploiting the dissipation structure, we obtain energy estimates for (Z,w,n)and its derivatives, then we obtain the time decay rates for (Z,w,n). So we derive global well-posedness and large time behavior to the three dimensional compressible two-fluid model.展开更多
Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare, offering the potential to optimize clinical decision-making, improve patient outcomes, and enhance care accessibility. AI-driven tools can analyze vast medical ...Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare, offering the potential to optimize clinical decision-making, improve patient outcomes, and enhance care accessibility. AI-driven tools can analyze vast medical data, enabling early disease detection, accurate diagnoses, and personalized treatment. By addressing challenges such as aging populations, chronic diseases, and workforce shortages, AI can revolutionize global healthcare delivery, particularly in underserved regions. However, successful AI integration requires overcoming barriers like data quality, regulatory frameworks, and ethical considerations. Despite these challenges, AI offers a promising path to more efficient, equitable, and personalized healthcare worldwide.展开更多
The exact worldwide prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)re-mains uncertain,despite its recognition as a common condition.This conundrum arises primarily from the lack of a standardized definition for GE...The exact worldwide prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)re-mains uncertain,despite its recognition as a common condition.This conundrum arises primarily from the lack of a standardized definition for GERD.The gold standard diagnostic tests for GERD,such as pH impedance testing and endo-scopy,are cumbersome and impractical for assessing community prevalence.Consequently,most epidemiological studies rely on symptom-based screening tools.GERD symptoms can be both esophageal and extraesophageal,varying widely among individuals.This variability has led to multiple symptom-based definitions of GERD,with no consensus,resulting in prevalence estimates ranging from 5%to 25%worldwide.Most systematic reviews define GERD as experi-encing heartburn and/or regurgitation at least once weekly,yielding a calculated prevalence of 13.98%.In 2017,the global age-standardized prevalence of GERD was estimated at 8819 per 100000 people(95%confidence interval:7781-9863),a figure that has remained stable from 1990 to 2017.Prevalence increases with age,leading to more years lived with disability.GERD significantly impairs quality of life and can lead to multiple complications.Additionally,it imposes a severe economic burden,with the United States alone estimated to spend around 10 billion dollars annually on diagnosis and treatment.In summary,GERD preva-lence varies greatly by region and even within different areas of the same province.Determining the exact prevalence is challenging due to inconsistent diagnostic criteria.However,it is well-documented that GERD poses a significant global burden,affecting the quality of life of individuals and creating a substantial healthcare cost.展开更多
On November 24,2024,the 29th Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(COP29)concluded in Baku,Azerbaijan.After two weeks of negotiations and a delay of more...On November 24,2024,the 29th Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(COP29)concluded in Baku,Azerbaijan.After two weeks of negotiations and a delay of more than 30 hours,the conference finally set the goal for developed countries to mobilize at least US$300 billion per year for developing countries to adapt to climate change by 2035.It was no easy job to get 200 countries on the same page of a complex climate finance agreement.Two days before the conclusion of the conference,the Global South rejected a US$250 billion package offered by developed countries,which nearly derailed the final agreement.展开更多
A complex system is inherently high-dimensional.Recent studies indicate that,even without complete knowledge of its evolutionary dynamics,the future behavior of such a system can be predicted using time-series data(da...A complex system is inherently high-dimensional.Recent studies indicate that,even without complete knowledge of its evolutionary dynamics,the future behavior of such a system can be predicted using time-series data(data-driven prediction).This suggests that the essential dynamics of a complex system can be captured through a low-dimensional representation.Virus evolution and climate change are two examples of complex,time-varying systems.In this article,we show that mutations in the spike protein provide valuable data for predicting SARS-CoV-2 variants,forecasting the possible emergence of the new macro-lineage Q in the near future.Our analysis also demonstrates that carbon dioxide concentration is a reliable indicator for predicting the evolution of the climate system,extending global surface air temperature(GSAT)forecasts through 2500.展开更多
Each year,Lin Haiyan,president of the Chinatown Foundation in Mauritius,dedicates significant time and effort to organising the Spring Festival celebrations.During the Spring Festival season in February 2024,the Mauri...Each year,Lin Haiyan,president of the Chinatown Foundation in Mauritius,dedicates significant time and effort to organising the Spring Festival celebrations.During the Spring Festival season in February 2024,the Mauritius National Multi-Sport Complex was adorned with large red lanterns and Chinese knots,creating a vibrant setting for the festivities.The event featured captivating performances,including lion and dragon dances,parades showcasing traditional Chinese women’s clothing,or qipao,singing,and tai chi demonstrations,providing the perfect atmosphere to celebrate the Chinese New Year.展开更多
China’s annual Central Economic Work Conference(CEWC),held on December 11 and 12,2024,signaled the government’s determination to sustain economic growth and expand high-level opening up.Against the backdrop of risin...China’s annual Central Economic Work Conference(CEWC),held on December 11 and 12,2024,signaled the government’s determination to sustain economic growth and expand high-level opening up.Against the backdrop of rising global economic uncertainty,stabilizing the economy and promoting highquality development not only represent a practical need for the country to achieve key goals on its socioeconomic agenda and make steady progress on the Chinese path to modernization,but will also help enhance economic resilience against external headwinds and contribute more to the global economy.展开更多
In 2024,the global LNG market exhibits an uncertain development trajectory amidst complex challenges,including weak global economic growth,heightened geopolitical risks in the oil and gas sector,and increasingly strin...In 2024,the global LNG market exhibits an uncertain development trajectory amidst complex challenges,including weak global economic growth,heightened geopolitical risks in the oil and gas sector,and increasingly stringent global climate and environmental governance measures.展开更多
The kinetic characteristics of plasma-assisted oxidative pyrolysis of ammonia are studied by using the global/fluid models hybrid solution method.Firstly,the stable products of plasma-assisted oxidative pyrolysis of a...The kinetic characteristics of plasma-assisted oxidative pyrolysis of ammonia are studied by using the global/fluid models hybrid solution method.Firstly,the stable products of plasma-assisted oxidative pyrolysis of ammonia are measured.The results show that the consumption of NH_(3)/O_(2)and the production of N_(2)/H_(2)change linearly with the increase of voltage,which indicates the decoupling of nonequilibrium molecular excitation and oxidative pyrolysis of ammonia at low temperatures.Secondly,the detailed reaction kinetics mechanism of ammonia oxidative pyrolysis stimulated by a nanosecond pulse voltage at low pressure and room temperature is established.Based on the reaction path analysis,the simplified mechanism is obtained.The detailed and simplified mechanism simulation results are compared with experimental data to verify the accuracy of the simplified mechanism.Finally,based on the simplified mechanism,the fluid model of ammonia oxidative pyrolysis stimulated by the nanosecond pulse plasma is established to study the pre-sheath/sheath behavior and the resultant consumption and formation of key species.The results show that the generation,development,and propagation of the pre-sheath have a great influence on the formation and consumption of species.The consumption of NH_(3)by the cathode pre-sheath is greater than that by the anode pre-sheath,but the opposite is true for OH and O(1S).However,within the sheath,almost all reactions do not occur.Further,by changing the parameters of nanosecond pulse power supply voltage,it is found that the electron number density,electron current density,and applied peak voltages are not the direct reasons for the structural changes of the sheath and pre-sheath.Furthermore,the discharge interval has little effect on the sheath structure and gas mixture breakdown.The research results of this paper not only help to understand the kinetic promotion of non-equilibrium excitation in the process of oxidative pyrolysis but also help to explore the influence of transport and chemical reaction kinetics on the oxidative pyrolysis of ammonia.展开更多
BACKGROUND The interplay between immune cells and metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a critical research frontier,bridging immunology and hepatology.The bibliometric findings can guide future research a...BACKGROUND The interplay between immune cells and metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a critical research frontier,bridging immunology and hepatology.The bibliometric findings can guide future research and funding priorities in the field by highlighting key areas of focus and potential therapeutic targets.AIM To analyze the literature on immune cells and MAFLD,identifying research trends and future hotspots.METHODS A systematic search in the Web of Science Core Collection from January 1,2004 to May 20,2024,yielded 1936 articles on immune cells and MAFLD.Excluding nonresearch documents,the data were analyzed using R packages Cluster profiler,enrichplot,ggplot2,VOSviewer and CiteSpace.Visualizations were created for countries,institutions,authors,journals,fields,co-cited references,keywords,genes,and diseases,with gene a disease data from Citexs.RESULTS The field gained momentum in 2006,with the United States of America and China as leading contributors.Key research themes included oxidative stress,metabolic syndrome,liver fibrosis,and the role of Kupffer cells.Bioinformatics identified interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 as central proteins in immune responses and inflammation,suggesting potential therapeutic targets for MAFLD.Clinically,these hub genes play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of MAFLD.For instance,targeting the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway could reduce inflammation,while modulating interleukin-6 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 expression may improve metabolic function,offering new strategies for MAFLD therapy.CONCLUSION This bibliometric analysis reports on the research hotspots and emerging trends in the field of immune cells and MAFLD,highlighting key proteins and potential therapeutic strategies through bioinformatics.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the temporal trends of the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in China attributed to low-fiber diet from 1990 to 2019,highlighting the importance of dietary fiber in T2DM prevention.Metho...Objective:To investigate the temporal trends of the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in China attributed to low-fiber diet from 1990 to 2019,highlighting the importance of dietary fiber in T2DM prevention.Methods:Using data from the GBD 2019,age-and sex-specific mortality and DALYs related to T2DM attributed to a low-fiber diet in China were analyzed through join-point regression and age-period-cohort model analysis.Results:In 2019,T2DM deaths and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)attributed to a low-fiber diet in China totaled 2887 and 182251,respectively.Males under 60 years had higher mortality and DALYs rates than females,but the trend reversed for those over 60.The ASMR and ASDR decreased by 43%and 38%since 1990,respectively.Before 2008,female age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate(ASDR)were higher than males,but it was reversed after 2010.Both male and female ASDR decreased,while the relative risk of mortality increased with age.The period effect on T2DM burden remained stable,while the cohort effect declined.Conclusion:The burden of T2DM attributed to a low-fiber diet in China showed an initial increase followed by a decrease from 1990 to 2019.The burden was higher among the elderly,with gender-specific differences among age groups.展开更多
This article aims to analyze the development and shortcomings in women’s education in Asia during the past two decades.Asian women students have been subjected to numerous forms of discrimination and unequal treatmen...This article aims to analyze the development and shortcomings in women’s education in Asia during the past two decades.Asian women students have been subjected to numerous forms of discrimination and unequal treatment in school and the global labor market,despite the efforts of educators,politicians,and many related stakeholders.The article first critically examines several theories of globalization and education from the perspective of equity.It then analyzes several typical pieces of study on the obstacles that Asian women students encounter both before and after graduation to draw implications for future research.展开更多
In the context of economic globalization,while multinational enterprises from developed countries occupy a high-end position in the global value chain,enterprises from developing countries are often marginalized in th...In the context of economic globalization,while multinational enterprises from developed countries occupy a high-end position in the global value chain,enterprises from developing countries are often marginalized in the world market.In China,resource-based state-owned enterprises(SOEs)are tasked with the mission of safeguarding resource security,and their internationalization development ideas and strategic deployment are significantly and fundamentally different from those of other non-state-owned enterprises and large multinational corporations.This study provides ideas for the globalization policies of enterprises in developing countries.We consider J Group in western China as a case and discuss its productive investment and global production network development from 2010 to 2019.We found that J Group was‘Partly'globalized,and there are multiple core nodes with the characteristics of centralized and decentralized coexistence in the production network;in addition,the overall layout centre shifted to Southeast Asia and China;however,its global production was restricted by the enterprise's investment security considerations,support and restrictions of the home country,political security risk of the host country,and sanctions from the West.These findings provide insights for future research:under the wave of anti-globalization and'internal circulation as the main body',resource SOEs should consider the potential risk of investment,especially keeping the middle and downstream industrial chain in China as much as possible.展开更多
The call for“Working Together to Build a Community of Shared Future for Mankind”requires us to improve people’s health across the globe,while global health development entails a satisfactory answer to a fundamental...The call for“Working Together to Build a Community of Shared Future for Mankind”requires us to improve people’s health across the globe,while global health development entails a satisfactory answer to a fundamental question:“What is global health?”To promote research,teaching,policymaking,and practice in global health,we summarize the main points on the definition of global health from the Editorial Board Meeting of Global Health Research and Policy,convened in July 2019 in Wuhan,China.The meeting functioned as a platform for free brainstorming,indepth discussion,and post-meeting synthesizing.Through the meeting,we have reached a consensus that global health can be considered as a general guiding principle,an organizing framework for thinking and action,a new branch of sciences and specialized discipline in the large family of public health and medicine.The word“global”in global health can be subjective or objective,depending on the context and setting.In addition to dual-,multicountry and global,a project or a study conducted at a local area can be global if it(1)is framed with a global perspective,(2)intends to address an issue with global impact,and/or(3)seeks global solutions to an issue,such as frameworks,strategies,policies,laws,and regulations.In this regard,global health is eventually an extension of“international health”by borrowing related knowledge,theories,technologies and methodologies from public health and medicine.Although global health is a concept that will continue to evolve,our conceptualization through group effort provides,to date,a comprehensive understanding.This report helps to inform individuals in the global health community to advance global health science and practice,and recommend to take advantage of the Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China.展开更多
In the post-pandemic era,the global economic and security landscapes are fraught with complexities and uncertainties.Among them,four risk flashpoints merit attention:Certain countries are raising interest rates to sub...In the post-pandemic era,the global economic and security landscapes are fraught with complexities and uncertainties.Among them,four risk flashpoints merit attention:Certain countries are raising interest rates to subdue inflation,despite their already high levels of debt;the bulk commodities market is experiencing volatility,leading to global turbulence and change;trade protectionism is at the forefront of major-power rivalry in political and economic spheres;and regional security crises are compounding international tensions.Behind those flashpoints are contradictions that obstruct world peace and progress,including development imbalances,governance gaps,and structural tensions in global security.In the face of uncertainties,it is crucial for China to seize strategic opportunities and transform crises into favorable situations.China has launched the Global Development Initiative(GDI)and the Global Security Initiative(GSI)to contribute to global prosperity and security.The two initiatives demonstrate China’s commitment to addressing global deficits in peace,development,security,and governance.展开更多
In 2023,the majority of the Earth witnessed its warmest boreal summer and autumn since 1850.Whether 2023 will indeed turn out to be the warmest year on record and what caused the astonishingly large margin of warming ...In 2023,the majority of the Earth witnessed its warmest boreal summer and autumn since 1850.Whether 2023 will indeed turn out to be the warmest year on record and what caused the astonishingly large margin of warming has become one of the hottest topics in the scientific community and is closely connected to the future development of human society.We analyzed the monthly varying global mean surface temperature(GMST)in 2023 and found that the globe,the land,and the oceans in 2023 all exhibit extraordinary warming,which is distinct from any previous year in recorded history.Based on the GMST statistical ensemble prediction model developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics,the GMST in 2023 is predicted to be 1.41℃±0.07℃,which will certainly surpass that in 2016 as the warmest year since 1850,and is approaching the 1.5℃ global warming threshold.Compared to 2022,the GMST in 2023 will increase by 0.24℃,with 88%of the increment contributed by the annual variability as mostly affected by El Niño.Moreover,the multidecadal variability related to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO)in 2023 also provided an important warming background for sparking the GMST rise.As a result,the GMST in 2023 is projected to be 1.15℃±0.07℃,with only a 0.02℃ increment,if the effects of natural variability—including El Niño and the AMO—are eliminated and only the global warming trend is considered.展开更多
The world is undergoing seismic upheavals unseen in a century.Globalization faces complex challenges and attacks from the political forces advocating reverse globalization and deglobalization.Pessimistic arguments suc...The world is undergoing seismic upheavals unseen in a century.Globalization faces complex challenges and attacks from the political forces advocating reverse globalization and deglobalization.Pessimistic arguments such as“the end of globalization”1 and“global trade fragmentation”2 keep rising.The open world economy is at a crossroads.展开更多
基金supported and funded by the Deanship of Scientific Research at Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University(IMSIU)(grant number IMSIU-RP23066).
文摘This study directs the discussion of HIV disease with a novel kind of complex dynamical generalized and piecewise operator in the sense of classical and Atangana Baleanu(AB)derivatives having arbitrary order.The HIV infection model has a susceptible class,a recovered class,along with a case of infection divided into three sub-different levels or categories and the recovered class.The total time interval is converted into two,which are further investigated for ordinary and fractional order operators of the AB derivative,respectively.The proposed model is tested separately for unique solutions and existence on bi intervals.The numerical solution of the proposed model is treated by the piece-wise numerical iterative scheme of Newtons Polynomial.The proposed method is established for piece-wise derivatives under natural order and non-singular Mittag-Leffler Law.The cross-over or bending characteristics in the dynamical system of HIV are easily examined by the aspect of this research having a memory effect for controlling the said disease.This study uses the neural network(NN)technique to obtain a better set of weights with low residual errors,and the epochs number is considered 1000.The obtained figures represent the approximate solution and absolute error which are tested with NN to train the data accurately.
文摘Although national transplant organizations share common visions and goals,the creation of a unified global organization remains impractical.Differences in ethnicity,culture,religion,and education shape local practices and infrastructure,making the establishment of a single global entity unfeasible.Even with these social disparities aside,logistical factors such as time and distance between organ procurement and transplantation sites pose significant challenges.While technological advancements have extended organ preservation times,they have yet to support the demands of transcontinental transplantations effectively.This review presents a comparative analysis of the structures,operational frameworks,policies,and legislation governing various transplant organizations around the world.Key differences pertain to the administration of these organizations,trends in organ donation,and organ allocation policies,which reflect the financial,cultural,and religious diversity across different regions.While a global transplant organization may be out of reach,agreeing on best practices for the benefit of patients is essential.
文摘In the paper, we study a compressible two-fluid model in ℝ3, where γ±>1. The pressure of the two fluids is equal. Different from previous research, we consider that viscosity coefficient both μand λare functions of density. The global well-posedness of the three-dimensional compressible two-phase flow model is an open problem due to its dissipative, nonlinear structure. In the paper, setting m±=M±and Z=P−P¯, by exploiting the dissipation structure, we obtain energy estimates for (Z,w,n)and its derivatives, then we obtain the time decay rates for (Z,w,n). So we derive global well-posedness and large time behavior to the three dimensional compressible two-fluid model.
文摘Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming healthcare, offering the potential to optimize clinical decision-making, improve patient outcomes, and enhance care accessibility. AI-driven tools can analyze vast medical data, enabling early disease detection, accurate diagnoses, and personalized treatment. By addressing challenges such as aging populations, chronic diseases, and workforce shortages, AI can revolutionize global healthcare delivery, particularly in underserved regions. However, successful AI integration requires overcoming barriers like data quality, regulatory frameworks, and ethical considerations. Despite these challenges, AI offers a promising path to more efficient, equitable, and personalized healthcare worldwide.
文摘The exact worldwide prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD)re-mains uncertain,despite its recognition as a common condition.This conundrum arises primarily from the lack of a standardized definition for GERD.The gold standard diagnostic tests for GERD,such as pH impedance testing and endo-scopy,are cumbersome and impractical for assessing community prevalence.Consequently,most epidemiological studies rely on symptom-based screening tools.GERD symptoms can be both esophageal and extraesophageal,varying widely among individuals.This variability has led to multiple symptom-based definitions of GERD,with no consensus,resulting in prevalence estimates ranging from 5%to 25%worldwide.Most systematic reviews define GERD as experi-encing heartburn and/or regurgitation at least once weekly,yielding a calculated prevalence of 13.98%.In 2017,the global age-standardized prevalence of GERD was estimated at 8819 per 100000 people(95%confidence interval:7781-9863),a figure that has remained stable from 1990 to 2017.Prevalence increases with age,leading to more years lived with disability.GERD significantly impairs quality of life and can lead to multiple complications.Additionally,it imposes a severe economic burden,with the United States alone estimated to spend around 10 billion dollars annually on diagnosis and treatment.In summary,GERD preva-lence varies greatly by region and even within different areas of the same province.Determining the exact prevalence is challenging due to inconsistent diagnostic criteria.However,it is well-documented that GERD poses a significant global burden,affecting the quality of life of individuals and creating a substantial healthcare cost.
文摘On November 24,2024,the 29th Session of the Conference of the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change(COP29)concluded in Baku,Azerbaijan.After two weeks of negotiations and a delay of more than 30 hours,the conference finally set the goal for developed countries to mobilize at least US$300 billion per year for developing countries to adapt to climate change by 2035.It was no easy job to get 200 countries on the same page of a complex climate finance agreement.Two days before the conclusion of the conference,the Global South rejected a US$250 billion package offered by developed countries,which nearly derailed the final agreement.
基金Natural science foundation of Inner Mongolia(2024LHMS06018)The basic scientific research funding for directly affiliated universities in the Inner Mongolia(JY20250094)。
文摘A complex system is inherently high-dimensional.Recent studies indicate that,even without complete knowledge of its evolutionary dynamics,the future behavior of such a system can be predicted using time-series data(data-driven prediction).This suggests that the essential dynamics of a complex system can be captured through a low-dimensional representation.Virus evolution and climate change are two examples of complex,time-varying systems.In this article,we show that mutations in the spike protein provide valuable data for predicting SARS-CoV-2 variants,forecasting the possible emergence of the new macro-lineage Q in the near future.Our analysis also demonstrates that carbon dioxide concentration is a reliable indicator for predicting the evolution of the climate system,extending global surface air temperature(GSAT)forecasts through 2500.
文摘Each year,Lin Haiyan,president of the Chinatown Foundation in Mauritius,dedicates significant time and effort to organising the Spring Festival celebrations.During the Spring Festival season in February 2024,the Mauritius National Multi-Sport Complex was adorned with large red lanterns and Chinese knots,creating a vibrant setting for the festivities.The event featured captivating performances,including lion and dragon dances,parades showcasing traditional Chinese women’s clothing,or qipao,singing,and tai chi demonstrations,providing the perfect atmosphere to celebrate the Chinese New Year.
文摘China’s annual Central Economic Work Conference(CEWC),held on December 11 and 12,2024,signaled the government’s determination to sustain economic growth and expand high-level opening up.Against the backdrop of rising global economic uncertainty,stabilizing the economy and promoting highquality development not only represent a practical need for the country to achieve key goals on its socioeconomic agenda and make steady progress on the Chinese path to modernization,but will also help enhance economic resilience against external headwinds and contribute more to the global economy.
文摘In 2024,the global LNG market exhibits an uncertain development trajectory amidst complex challenges,including weak global economic growth,heightened geopolitical risks in the oil and gas sector,and increasingly stringent global climate and environmental governance measures.
基金Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(M23JBZY00050)National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278032)。
文摘The kinetic characteristics of plasma-assisted oxidative pyrolysis of ammonia are studied by using the global/fluid models hybrid solution method.Firstly,the stable products of plasma-assisted oxidative pyrolysis of ammonia are measured.The results show that the consumption of NH_(3)/O_(2)and the production of N_(2)/H_(2)change linearly with the increase of voltage,which indicates the decoupling of nonequilibrium molecular excitation and oxidative pyrolysis of ammonia at low temperatures.Secondly,the detailed reaction kinetics mechanism of ammonia oxidative pyrolysis stimulated by a nanosecond pulse voltage at low pressure and room temperature is established.Based on the reaction path analysis,the simplified mechanism is obtained.The detailed and simplified mechanism simulation results are compared with experimental data to verify the accuracy of the simplified mechanism.Finally,based on the simplified mechanism,the fluid model of ammonia oxidative pyrolysis stimulated by the nanosecond pulse plasma is established to study the pre-sheath/sheath behavior and the resultant consumption and formation of key species.The results show that the generation,development,and propagation of the pre-sheath have a great influence on the formation and consumption of species.The consumption of NH_(3)by the cathode pre-sheath is greater than that by the anode pre-sheath,but the opposite is true for OH and O(1S).However,within the sheath,almost all reactions do not occur.Further,by changing the parameters of nanosecond pulse power supply voltage,it is found that the electron number density,electron current density,and applied peak voltages are not the direct reasons for the structural changes of the sheath and pre-sheath.Furthermore,the discharge interval has little effect on the sheath structure and gas mixture breakdown.The research results of this paper not only help to understand the kinetic promotion of non-equilibrium excitation in the process of oxidative pyrolysis but also help to explore the influence of transport and chemical reaction kinetics on the oxidative pyrolysis of ammonia.
基金Supported by Horizontal Project of Dongzhimen Hospital,No.HX-DZM-202343.
文摘BACKGROUND The interplay between immune cells and metabolic associated fatty liver disease(MAFLD)is a critical research frontier,bridging immunology and hepatology.The bibliometric findings can guide future research and funding priorities in the field by highlighting key areas of focus and potential therapeutic targets.AIM To analyze the literature on immune cells and MAFLD,identifying research trends and future hotspots.METHODS A systematic search in the Web of Science Core Collection from January 1,2004 to May 20,2024,yielded 1936 articles on immune cells and MAFLD.Excluding nonresearch documents,the data were analyzed using R packages Cluster profiler,enrichplot,ggplot2,VOSviewer and CiteSpace.Visualizations were created for countries,institutions,authors,journals,fields,co-cited references,keywords,genes,and diseases,with gene a disease data from Citexs.RESULTS The field gained momentum in 2006,with the United States of America and China as leading contributors.Key research themes included oxidative stress,metabolic syndrome,liver fibrosis,and the role of Kupffer cells.Bioinformatics identified interleukin-6,tumor necrosis factor and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 as central proteins in immune responses and inflammation,suggesting potential therapeutic targets for MAFLD.Clinically,these hub genes play pivotal roles in the pathogenesis of MAFLD.For instance,targeting the tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway could reduce inflammation,while modulating interleukin-6 and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 expression may improve metabolic function,offering new strategies for MAFLD therapy.CONCLUSION This bibliometric analysis reports on the research hotspots and emerging trends in the field of immune cells and MAFLD,highlighting key proteins and potential therapeutic strategies through bioinformatics.
文摘Objective:To investigate the temporal trends of the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)in China attributed to low-fiber diet from 1990 to 2019,highlighting the importance of dietary fiber in T2DM prevention.Methods:Using data from the GBD 2019,age-and sex-specific mortality and DALYs related to T2DM attributed to a low-fiber diet in China were analyzed through join-point regression and age-period-cohort model analysis.Results:In 2019,T2DM deaths and disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)attributed to a low-fiber diet in China totaled 2887 and 182251,respectively.Males under 60 years had higher mortality and DALYs rates than females,but the trend reversed for those over 60.The ASMR and ASDR decreased by 43%and 38%since 1990,respectively.Before 2008,female age-standardized mortality rate(ASMR)and age-standardized disability-adjusted life years rate(ASDR)were higher than males,but it was reversed after 2010.Both male and female ASDR decreased,while the relative risk of mortality increased with age.The period effect on T2DM burden remained stable,while the cohort effect declined.Conclusion:The burden of T2DM attributed to a low-fiber diet in China showed an initial increase followed by a decrease from 1990 to 2019.The burden was higher among the elderly,with gender-specific differences among age groups.
文摘This article aims to analyze the development and shortcomings in women’s education in Asia during the past two decades.Asian women students have been subjected to numerous forms of discrimination and unequal treatment in school and the global labor market,despite the efforts of educators,politicians,and many related stakeholders.The article first critically examines several theories of globalization and education from the perspective of equity.It then analyzes several typical pieces of study on the obstacles that Asian women students encounter both before and after graduation to draw implications for future research.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grants No.41971198 and 42371198)Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.lzujbky-2023-it24).
文摘In the context of economic globalization,while multinational enterprises from developed countries occupy a high-end position in the global value chain,enterprises from developing countries are often marginalized in the world market.In China,resource-based state-owned enterprises(SOEs)are tasked with the mission of safeguarding resource security,and their internationalization development ideas and strategic deployment are significantly and fundamentally different from those of other non-state-owned enterprises and large multinational corporations.This study provides ideas for the globalization policies of enterprises in developing countries.We consider J Group in western China as a case and discuss its productive investment and global production network development from 2010 to 2019.We found that J Group was‘Partly'globalized,and there are multiple core nodes with the characteristics of centralized and decentralized coexistence in the production network;in addition,the overall layout centre shifted to Southeast Asia and China;however,its global production was restricted by the enterprise's investment security considerations,support and restrictions of the home country,political security risk of the host country,and sanctions from the West.These findings provide insights for future research:under the wave of anti-globalization and'internal circulation as the main body',resource SOEs should consider the potential risk of investment,especially keeping the middle and downstream industrial chain in China as much as possible.
文摘The call for“Working Together to Build a Community of Shared Future for Mankind”requires us to improve people’s health across the globe,while global health development entails a satisfactory answer to a fundamental question:“What is global health?”To promote research,teaching,policymaking,and practice in global health,we summarize the main points on the definition of global health from the Editorial Board Meeting of Global Health Research and Policy,convened in July 2019 in Wuhan,China.The meeting functioned as a platform for free brainstorming,indepth discussion,and post-meeting synthesizing.Through the meeting,we have reached a consensus that global health can be considered as a general guiding principle,an organizing framework for thinking and action,a new branch of sciences and specialized discipline in the large family of public health and medicine.The word“global”in global health can be subjective or objective,depending on the context and setting.In addition to dual-,multicountry and global,a project or a study conducted at a local area can be global if it(1)is framed with a global perspective,(2)intends to address an issue with global impact,and/or(3)seeks global solutions to an issue,such as frameworks,strategies,policies,laws,and regulations.In this regard,global health is eventually an extension of“international health”by borrowing related knowledge,theories,technologies and methodologies from public health and medicine.Although global health is a concept that will continue to evolve,our conceptualization through group effort provides,to date,a comprehensive understanding.This report helps to inform individuals in the global health community to advance global health science and practice,and recommend to take advantage of the Belt and Road Initiative proposed by China.
基金supported by the key project of the National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC):“Study on China-Russia Strategic Partnership for the New Era”(Grant No.20AGJ012).
文摘In the post-pandemic era,the global economic and security landscapes are fraught with complexities and uncertainties.Among them,four risk flashpoints merit attention:Certain countries are raising interest rates to subdue inflation,despite their already high levels of debt;the bulk commodities market is experiencing volatility,leading to global turbulence and change;trade protectionism is at the forefront of major-power rivalry in political and economic spheres;and regional security crises are compounding international tensions.Behind those flashpoints are contradictions that obstruct world peace and progress,including development imbalances,governance gaps,and structural tensions in global security.In the face of uncertainties,it is crucial for China to seize strategic opportunities and transform crises into favorable situations.China has launched the Global Development Initiative(GDI)and the Global Security Initiative(GSI)to contribute to global prosperity and security.The two initiatives demonstrate China’s commitment to addressing global deficits in peace,development,security,and governance.
基金supported by the Key Research Program of Frontier Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.ZDBS-LY-DQC010)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.42175045).
文摘In 2023,the majority of the Earth witnessed its warmest boreal summer and autumn since 1850.Whether 2023 will indeed turn out to be the warmest year on record and what caused the astonishingly large margin of warming has become one of the hottest topics in the scientific community and is closely connected to the future development of human society.We analyzed the monthly varying global mean surface temperature(GMST)in 2023 and found that the globe,the land,and the oceans in 2023 all exhibit extraordinary warming,which is distinct from any previous year in recorded history.Based on the GMST statistical ensemble prediction model developed at the Institute of Atmospheric Physics,the GMST in 2023 is predicted to be 1.41℃±0.07℃,which will certainly surpass that in 2016 as the warmest year since 1850,and is approaching the 1.5℃ global warming threshold.Compared to 2022,the GMST in 2023 will increase by 0.24℃,with 88%of the increment contributed by the annual variability as mostly affected by El Niño.Moreover,the multidecadal variability related to the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation(AMO)in 2023 also provided an important warming background for sparking the GMST rise.As a result,the GMST in 2023 is projected to be 1.15℃±0.07℃,with only a 0.02℃ increment,if the effects of natural variability—including El Niño and the AMO—are eliminated and only the global warming trend is considered.
文摘The world is undergoing seismic upheavals unseen in a century.Globalization faces complex challenges and attacks from the political forces advocating reverse globalization and deglobalization.Pessimistic arguments such as“the end of globalization”1 and“global trade fragmentation”2 keep rising.The open world economy is at a crossroads.
