This study introduces a novel artificial heating technique aimed at addressing frost heave issues in embankments on frozen ground,offering a sustainable solution.Initial evaluations assessed various heating systems,in...This study introduces a novel artificial heating technique aimed at addressing frost heave issues in embankments on frozen ground,offering a sustainable solution.Initial evaluations assessed various heating systems,including boilers,heat pumps,solar heaters,and electric heaters,focusing on their thermal performance and applicability.The study subsequently designed and implemented a direct-expansion ground source heat pump(DX-GSHP)system as the primary heat source for embankment warming.Rigorous testing confirmed the DX-GSHP system's ability to maintain a heat-supply temperature above 40℃ and a heat-absorption temperature below -3.5℃,effectively extracting geothermal energy for transfer to the topsoil layers.With a demonstrated coefficient of performance(COP)of 3.49,the DX-GSHP system not only proves its energy efficiency but also suggests a potential role in reducing the strain on electricity supply systems.Installation of DX-GSHPs,with heating capacities ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 kW and spaced at intervals of 2.0-4.0 m,provides a rapid thermal response to frost heave in singletrack railway embankments,thereby potentially mitigating frost-induced damage in cold climate regions.展开更多
This paper presents the heating performance and energy distribution of a system with the combination of ground-source heat pump and solar collector or a solar-assisted ground-source heat pump system (SAGSHPS) by calcu...This paper presents the heating performance and energy distribution of a system with the combination of ground-source heat pump and solar collector or a solar-assisted ground-source heat pump system (SAGSHPS) by calculation and experiment.The results show that the average absolute error is less than 0.6 ℃ and the relative error is less than 5% under the pulse load when the analytical solution to the 2-D solid cylindrical source model is used for the SAGSHPS.The coefficient of performance (COP) of the SAGSHPS is 2.95-4.70.The average fluid temperature in the borehole heat exchanger can increase by 3 ℃ with the assistance of solar collector,which will improve the COP of the heat pump by approximately 10% from the experimental data.The energy contributions to the total heating load of soil,electricity and solar are 56.30%,36.87% and 6.83%,respectively.展开更多
The energy efficiency monitoring is an essential precondition for ground source heat pump system's controlling and energy saving operation. Based on the data monitoring applied in the school building, this work is...The energy efficiency monitoring is an essential precondition for ground source heat pump system's controlling and energy saving operation. Based on the data monitoring applied in the school building, this work is focused on the parameters acquisition and operation analysis of the GSHP system in Tangshan. Results show the average COPs(coefficient of performance) are2.85 and 2.70 in summer and winter, respectively, and heat(cold) unbalance underground existed after whole year operation. The analysis of data also indicates that the direct borehole air-conditioning saved some power consumption obviously in the early stage of summer and energy saving of the GSHP system depended remarkably on its operation and management level. Besides the observation points of ground temperature are laid for a large-scale GSHP system, and the hydraulic balance of the pipes group needs to be concerned specially in safeguarding better reliability.展开更多
This article gives an overview of using the ground source heat pump (GSHP) and air-to-water heat pump (A&WHP) in cold climate areas for heating and for domestic hot water production of buildings. Computer simulati...This article gives an overview of using the ground source heat pump (GSHP) and air-to-water heat pump (A&WHP) in cold climate areas for heating and for domestic hot water production of buildings. Computer simulation and analysis were carried out for a typical detached house, with 200 m2 of living area, the heat demand of 9 kW and the average heat demand for DHW production of 1 kW. In heating period the average Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the A&WHP is considerably lower than COP of the GSHP.展开更多
This paper uses FLUENT software building the three-dimensional unsteady state model of ground source heat pump single U and double U underground pipe to study on heat exchange of underground pipe system in the conditi...This paper uses FLUENT software building the three-dimensional unsteady state model of ground source heat pump single U and double U underground pipe to study on heat exchange of underground pipe system in the condition of unsteady state long-term continuous running, analyzes the change of soil temperature filed around underground pipe and performance of underground pipe heat exchange between single U and double U pipe system. The results show that double U pipe system is better than single U system, which can improve unit depth heat exchange efficiency, reduce the number of wells and reduce the initial investment.展开更多
HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze[E] have low global warming potential and zero ozone depletion potential. If they are used in the direct expansion ground source heat pump system substituting for HFC-134a, the system will be ...HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze[E] have low global warming potential and zero ozone depletion potential. If they are used in the direct expansion ground source heat pump system substituting for HFC-134a, the system will be beneficial to mitigating climate change. This study aims to find out the thermodynamic characteristics of the direct expansion ground source heat pump system using HFO-1234yf or HFO-1234ze[E] by theoretical calculation. The results indicate that HFO-1234yf system in an actual cycle has the highest COP. HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze[E] have such smaller capacity per unit of swept volume that they need larger compression capacity if providing the same heating or cooling loads. For a given unit when HFC-134a is replaced with HFO-1234yf or HFO-1234ze[E], the capacity will decrease. More refrigerant charge is required in the HFO-1234yf or HFO-1234ze[E] system. The results also present that more refrigerant charge is required in the cooling mode than in the heating mode.展开更多
Aimed at unbalance of soil temperature field of ground source heat pump system, solar aided energy storage system was established. In solar assisted ground-source heat pump (SAGSHP) system with soil storage, solar ene...Aimed at unbalance of soil temperature field of ground source heat pump system, solar aided energy storage system was established. In solar assisted ground-source heat pump (SAGSHP) system with soil storage, solar energy collected in three seasons was stored in the soil by vertical U type soil exchangers. The heat abstracted by the ground-source heat pump and collected by the solar collector was employed to heating. Some of the soil heat exchangers were used to store solar energy in the soil so as to be used in next winter after this heating period; and the others were used to extract cooling energy directly in the soil by circulation pump for air conditioning in summer. After that solar energy began to be stored in the soil and ended before heating period. Three dimensional dynamic numerical simulations were built for soil and soil heat exchanger through finite element method. Simulation was done in different strata month by month. Variation and restoration of soil temperature were studied. Economy and reliability of long term SAGSHP system were revealed. It can be seen that soil temperature is about 3 ℃ higher than the original one after one year's running. It is beneficial for the system to operate for long period.展开更多
In this paper,the single hole heat transfer power of the ground source heat pump system in Hengshui is compared with data gained from thermal response test.The results show that maximum monitoring data of heat transfe...In this paper,the single hole heat transfer power of the ground source heat pump system in Hengshui is compared with data gained from thermal response test.The results show that maximum monitoring data of heat transfer power per meter in summer is 97.1% of the test data,and the average value accounts for 81.8%.The per meter heat power data through on-site thermal response test can provide references for designing engineering project and optimizing ground source heat pump system as these data do not vary greatly from the actual monitoring data.展开更多
Based on the basic geology, hydrogeology, engineering geology, geothermal geology and ground source heat pump(GSHP) engineering of the work space, the thesis studies the local shallow geothermal energy. Three conditio...Based on the basic geology, hydrogeology, engineering geology, geothermal geology and ground source heat pump(GSHP) engineering of the work space, the thesis studies the local shallow geothermal energy. Three conditions of the attribute index for the suitability zoning of the northwest of Shandong are determined, namely, hydrodynamic condition, geological and hydrogeological condition and geological environment condition. The assessment result is that the total area of the suitable zone is 205.88 km^2, that of relative suitable zone, 1 407.76 km^2, and that of unsuitable zone, 286.8 km^2. The result conforms to the real development situation and provides experience for similar regions needed for selecting and assigning a value to suitability zoning of GSHP.展开更多
The cooling and heating of spaces are among the largest sources for household’s energy demand. Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) is a promising technology to reduce the energy for cooling and heating purposes. However, ...The cooling and heating of spaces are among the largest sources for household’s energy demand. Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) is a promising technology to reduce the energy for cooling and heating purposes. However, the major obstacle hindering the utilization of this technology is the high initial cost, especially for the installation of ground coupled heat exchanger. The horizontal closed-loop system offers lower installation cost, as it requires no vertical borehole construction. Instead, the heat exchangers can be installed in shallow trenches that may be excavated, by small excavator or even by human labor. This paper presents the comparison of two different heat exchangers, namely, the capillary mat and the widely used slinky pipe. Both heat exchangers are connected to a heat pump, where continuous heating tests were carried out for 165 hours (~7 days) for each configuration. The purpose of this research is to show the performance of capillary mat in comparison to slinky pipe. Despite during the entire test for capillary mat required 6% higher electricity consumption, compared to slinky heat exchanger, the results still suggest the potential use of capillary mat as alternative to slinky heat exchanger. Additionally, the results also highlight the high hydraulic resistance of installed capillary mat heat exchangers may become the major disadvantage of the capillary mat.展开更多
Direct Expansion Ground Source Heat Pump (DXGSHP) system directly extracts heat or cold energy from ground by consuming electricity to provide for space conditioning. Compared with the currently widely-used secondary ...Direct Expansion Ground Source Heat Pump (DXGSHP) system directly extracts heat or cold energy from ground by consuming electricity to provide for space conditioning. Compared with the currently widely-used secondary loop Ground Couple Heat Pump (GCHP) system, it has higher energy efficiency, lower operating costs, and less environmental impact. A case study is carried out in this paper. The subject is a residential building located in Beijing, China. It is assumed that the building adopts the DXGSHP system and the GCHP system respectively. Annual loads and energy consumption are simulated and computed. Then the initial cost, operating cost and CO2 emission are calculated. The economic benefit is analyzed with the Payback Time method and the Dynamic Annual Cost Value method. The environmental benefit is discussed mainly by comparing the CO2 emission savings. The results show that the DXGSHP system has higher initial costs, but lower operating costs, and less greenhouse gas emissions. The DXGSHP system has better comprehensive benefits than the GCHP system.展开更多
The objective of the present paper is to describe a technical and economical visibility study of the application of ground source heat pumps （GSHP） in a supermarket in Portugal. The study was developed under the Eur...The objective of the present paper is to describe a technical and economical visibility study of the application of ground source heat pumps （GSHP） in a supermarket in Portugal. The study was developed under the European project ＂Integration of Geothermal Energy Into Industrial Application - IGEIA＂, project number EIE 06/001, supported by the Intelligent Energy for Europe, IEE, of EACI, European Commission. In general for supermarkets installed in single buildings, the building envelope has higher rates of envelope areas per indoor air volume. In Portugal this fact produces high need of heating during the winter season and high cooling needs during the summer season. Inside the building there are strong internal heat loads produced by high densities of lights and equipments. However these internal loads are not distributed uniformly. There are some areas with high production of heat but there are others with production of cooling. Therefore the acclimatization of this kind of buildings is not so easy and the balance of heating and cooling needs is depending of different parameters which should be well evaluated. The energy consummation of the cold display cases and deep freezers in market area and storage is also very high. The different energy needs could be studied in an integrated way and could be partially satisfied by geothermal energy using ground source heat pumps. At the same time the boreholes could be used as an energy reservoir increasing the efficiency of whole system. Four different climatic zones in Portugal were selected, （north coast, interior north, south coast and interior south） using the same system. The results of the study show that the all energy needs can by partially satisfied by geothermal energy but they need to be integrated to increase the global efficiency. The paper shows that the geothermal energy can be an attractive application for the supermarkets in Portugal if the energy solution is studied in an integrated way and if it is also considered as a cost the emissions of CO2 avoid by the new system.展开更多
According to the elements of hydrogeological conditions,lithology,stratigraphic thermal physical parameters,construction technology and economic rational elements,the evaluation system of ground source heat pump( GSHP...According to the elements of hydrogeological conditions,lithology,stratigraphic thermal physical parameters,construction technology and economic rational elements,the evaluation system of ground source heat pump( GSHP) were established in Baotou plain. The factor weights were determined by using analytic hierarchy process,and the comprehensive element method was selected to evaluate the region suitability of GSHP system. The results show that the suitable area is 559. 63 km2 for utilizing GSHP in the studied area,accounting for 62. 58% of the total area; while the unsuitable area is 334. 60 km2,accounting for37.42%. The evaluating results can provide not only a scientific basis for development and utilization rationally of shallow geothermal heat in Baotou,but also offer an important reference to the other areas.展开更多
Iraq is located in the Middle East with an area that reaches 437,072 km2 and a population of about 36 million. This country is suffering from severe electricity shortage problems which are expected to increase with ti...Iraq is located in the Middle East with an area that reaches 437,072 km2 and a population of about 36 million. This country is suffering from severe electricity shortage problems which are expected to increase with time. In this research, an attempt is made to minimize this problem by combining the borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) with a heat pump, the indoor temperature of a residential building or other facility may be increased or reduced beyond the temperature interval of the heat carrier fluid. Due to the relatively high ground temperature in Middle Eastern countries, the seasonal thermal energy storages (STES) and ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems have a remarkable potential, partly because the reduced thermal losses from the underground storage and the expected high COP (ratio of thermal energy gain to required driving energy (electricity)) of a heat pump, partly because of the potential for using STES directly for heating and cooling. In this research, groundwater conditions of Babylon city in Iraq were investigated to evaluate the possibility of using GSHP to reduce energy consumption. It is believed that such system will reduce consumed energy by about 60%.展开更多
Ground Source Heat Pump technique and its operating principle are described in this paper. Ground heat exchanger is the key technique of ground source heat pump and its patterns are discussed. Software is helpful to d...Ground Source Heat Pump technique and its operating principle are described in this paper. Ground heat exchanger is the key technique of ground source heat pump and its patterns are discussed. Software is helpful to design ground heat exchanger. A project of Chinese Ground Source Heat Pump is introduced and its market is more and more extensive.展开更多
According to the specific situation of a general hospital project, this paper analyzes the feasibility of the application of ground source heat pump air conditioning in the project from the conditions, one-time invest...According to the specific situation of a general hospital project, this paper analyzes the feasibility of the application of ground source heat pump air conditioning in the project from the conditions, one-time investment, energy consumption and operating costs of the implementation of ground source heat pump air conditioning, and comprehensively expounds several important technical measures of the implementation of ground source heat pump air conditioning. Combined with the characteristics of this project, the operation strategies of ground source heat pump air conditioning system under summer cooling condition, winter heating condition and over season condition are designed and put forward to ensure that the ground source heat pump air conditioning system can achieve the expected design effect and energy saving and emission reduction benefits.展开更多
In this paper, the operation strategy of an energy storage ground source heat pump project in Beijing is studied, and the heat balance of the ground source heat pump is analyzed and calculated under the existing opera...In this paper, the operation strategy of an energy storage ground source heat pump project in Beijing is studied, and the heat balance of the ground source heat pump is analyzed and calculated under the existing operation strategy. The research shows that after the ground source heat pump system has been in operation for one year, the temperature rise of geological body in the hole distribution area is about 0.34℃, considering the influence of formation lithology, scattered hole distribution, abundant site, groundwater runoff and other factors on the heat dissipation of geological body, and the intermission of the heat pump air conditioning system is also beneficial to the recovery of the temperature of geological body. It can be considered that the ground heat pump system has little impact on the temperature of the rock and soil mass, and the project has good sustainability.展开更多
Natural energy use is important to reduce the energy consumption of buildings. However, further reducing energy consumption with traditional systems is difficult. Therefore, we proposed a MMHP （multi-source and multi...Natural energy use is important to reduce the energy consumption of buildings. However, further reducing energy consumption with traditional systems is difficult. Therefore, we proposed a MMHP （multi-source and multi-use heat pump） to achieve higher efficiency than traditional systems. The MMHP system connects multiple heat sources such as solar heat, the ground, and air and multiple heat uses such as cooling, heating, and a hot water dispenser with a water loop. Each type of heat use side can utilize heat efficiently. However, there is a distinct lack of highly efficient hot water dispensers available. Therefore, we developed the IHWD WS （instantaneous hot water dispenser based on a water source） heat pump. In this study, we developed a prototype of the IHWD WS heat pump. The coefficient of performance of the IHWD WS heat pump was 5.2-8.5 throughout a year. When it is improved, COP （coefficient of performance） is expected to be 9.3-9.9.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.42001059,52178340)the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province,China(Grant No.E2020210044)+1 种基金the Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior Evolution and Control of Traffic Engineering Structures in Hebei(Grant No.SZ 2022-03)the Overseas Expertise Introduction Project for Discipline Innovation("111 Project",Grant No.B21011).
文摘This study introduces a novel artificial heating technique aimed at addressing frost heave issues in embankments on frozen ground,offering a sustainable solution.Initial evaluations assessed various heating systems,including boilers,heat pumps,solar heaters,and electric heaters,focusing on their thermal performance and applicability.The study subsequently designed and implemented a direct-expansion ground source heat pump(DX-GSHP)system as the primary heat source for embankment warming.Rigorous testing confirmed the DX-GSHP system's ability to maintain a heat-supply temperature above 40℃ and a heat-absorption temperature below -3.5℃,effectively extracting geothermal energy for transfer to the topsoil layers.With a demonstrated coefficient of performance(COP)of 3.49,the DX-GSHP system not only proves its energy efficiency but also suggests a potential role in reducing the strain on electricity supply systems.Installation of DX-GSHPs,with heating capacities ranging from 1.0 to 2.0 kW and spaced at intervals of 2.0-4.0 m,provides a rapid thermal response to frost heave in singletrack railway embankments,thereby potentially mitigating frost-induced damage in cold climate regions.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.1272263)
文摘This paper presents the heating performance and energy distribution of a system with the combination of ground-source heat pump and solar collector or a solar-assisted ground-source heat pump system (SAGSHPS) by calculation and experiment.The results show that the average absolute error is less than 0.6 ℃ and the relative error is less than 5% under the pulse load when the analytical solution to the 2-D solid cylindrical source model is used for the SAGSHPS.The coefficient of performance (COP) of the SAGSHPS is 2.95-4.70.The average fluid temperature in the borehole heat exchanger can increase by 3 ℃ with the assistance of solar collector,which will improve the COP of the heat pump by approximately 10% from the experimental data.The energy contributions to the total heating load of soil,electricity and solar are 56.30%,36.87% and 6.83%,respectively.
基金Project(2012BAJ06B04)supported by"12th Five-Year Plan"National science and Technology,ChinaProject(2014-228)supported by Department of Housing and Urban Rural Development of Hebei,China
文摘The energy efficiency monitoring is an essential precondition for ground source heat pump system's controlling and energy saving operation. Based on the data monitoring applied in the school building, this work is focused on the parameters acquisition and operation analysis of the GSHP system in Tangshan. Results show the average COPs(coefficient of performance) are2.85 and 2.70 in summer and winter, respectively, and heat(cold) unbalance underground existed after whole year operation. The analysis of data also indicates that the direct borehole air-conditioning saved some power consumption obviously in the early stage of summer and energy saving of the GSHP system depended remarkably on its operation and management level. Besides the observation points of ground temperature are laid for a large-scale GSHP system, and the hydraulic balance of the pipes group needs to be concerned specially in safeguarding better reliability.
基金supported by the Estonian Research Council,with Institutional research funding grant IUT1-15with the project“Development of efficient tech-nologies for air change and ventilation necessary for the increase of energy efficiency of buildings,AR12045”,financed by SA Archimedesby the project“Civil and Environmental Engineering PhD School,DAR9085”.
文摘This article gives an overview of using the ground source heat pump (GSHP) and air-to-water heat pump (A&WHP) in cold climate areas for heating and for domestic hot water production of buildings. Computer simulation and analysis were carried out for a typical detached house, with 200 m2 of living area, the heat demand of 9 kW and the average heat demand for DHW production of 1 kW. In heating period the average Coefficient of Performance (COP) of the A&WHP is considerably lower than COP of the GSHP.
文摘This paper uses FLUENT software building the three-dimensional unsteady state model of ground source heat pump single U and double U underground pipe to study on heat exchange of underground pipe system in the condition of unsteady state long-term continuous running, analyzes the change of soil temperature filed around underground pipe and performance of underground pipe heat exchange between single U and double U pipe system. The results show that double U pipe system is better than single U system, which can improve unit depth heat exchange efficiency, reduce the number of wells and reduce the initial investment.
文摘HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze[E] have low global warming potential and zero ozone depletion potential. If they are used in the direct expansion ground source heat pump system substituting for HFC-134a, the system will be beneficial to mitigating climate change. This study aims to find out the thermodynamic characteristics of the direct expansion ground source heat pump system using HFO-1234yf or HFO-1234ze[E] by theoretical calculation. The results indicate that HFO-1234yf system in an actual cycle has the highest COP. HFO-1234yf and HFO-1234ze[E] have such smaller capacity per unit of swept volume that they need larger compression capacity if providing the same heating or cooling loads. For a given unit when HFC-134a is replaced with HFO-1234yf or HFO-1234ze[E], the capacity will decrease. More refrigerant charge is required in the HFO-1234yf or HFO-1234ze[E] system. The results also present that more refrigerant charge is required in the cooling mode than in the heating mode.
基金Project(GC06A316) supported by the Key Technologies Research and Development Program of Heilongjiang Province, China Project(11531038) supported by the Program of the Educational Commission of Heilongjiang Province of China.
文摘Aimed at unbalance of soil temperature field of ground source heat pump system, solar aided energy storage system was established. In solar assisted ground-source heat pump (SAGSHP) system with soil storage, solar energy collected in three seasons was stored in the soil by vertical U type soil exchangers. The heat abstracted by the ground-source heat pump and collected by the solar collector was employed to heating. Some of the soil heat exchangers were used to store solar energy in the soil so as to be used in next winter after this heating period; and the others were used to extract cooling energy directly in the soil by circulation pump for air conditioning in summer. After that solar energy began to be stored in the soil and ended before heating period. Three dimensional dynamic numerical simulations were built for soil and soil heat exchanger through finite element method. Simulation was done in different strata month by month. Variation and restoration of soil temperature were studied. Economy and reliability of long term SAGSHP system were revealed. It can be seen that soil temperature is about 3 ℃ higher than the original one after one year's running. It is beneficial for the system to operate for long period.
文摘In this paper,the single hole heat transfer power of the ground source heat pump system in Hengshui is compared with data gained from thermal response test.The results show that maximum monitoring data of heat transfer power per meter in summer is 97.1% of the test data,and the average value accounts for 81.8%.The per meter heat power data through on-site thermal response test can provide references for designing engineering project and optimizing ground source heat pump system as these data do not vary greatly from the actual monitoring data.
基金supported by survey and evaluation of shallow geothermal energy in the main cities,China(12120113077200)
文摘Based on the basic geology, hydrogeology, engineering geology, geothermal geology and ground source heat pump(GSHP) engineering of the work space, the thesis studies the local shallow geothermal energy. Three conditions of the attribute index for the suitability zoning of the northwest of Shandong are determined, namely, hydrodynamic condition, geological and hydrogeological condition and geological environment condition. The assessment result is that the total area of the suitable zone is 205.88 km^2, that of relative suitable zone, 1 407.76 km^2, and that of unsuitable zone, 286.8 km^2. The result conforms to the real development situation and provides experience for similar regions needed for selecting and assigning a value to suitability zoning of GSHP.
文摘The cooling and heating of spaces are among the largest sources for household’s energy demand. Ground Source Heat Pump (GSHP) is a promising technology to reduce the energy for cooling and heating purposes. However, the major obstacle hindering the utilization of this technology is the high initial cost, especially for the installation of ground coupled heat exchanger. The horizontal closed-loop system offers lower installation cost, as it requires no vertical borehole construction. Instead, the heat exchangers can be installed in shallow trenches that may be excavated, by small excavator or even by human labor. This paper presents the comparison of two different heat exchangers, namely, the capillary mat and the widely used slinky pipe. Both heat exchangers are connected to a heat pump, where continuous heating tests were carried out for 165 hours (~7 days) for each configuration. The purpose of this research is to show the performance of capillary mat in comparison to slinky pipe. Despite during the entire test for capillary mat required 6% higher electricity consumption, compared to slinky heat exchanger, the results still suggest the potential use of capillary mat as alternative to slinky heat exchanger. Additionally, the results also highlight the high hydraulic resistance of installed capillary mat heat exchangers may become the major disadvantage of the capillary mat.
文摘Direct Expansion Ground Source Heat Pump (DXGSHP) system directly extracts heat or cold energy from ground by consuming electricity to provide for space conditioning. Compared with the currently widely-used secondary loop Ground Couple Heat Pump (GCHP) system, it has higher energy efficiency, lower operating costs, and less environmental impact. A case study is carried out in this paper. The subject is a residential building located in Beijing, China. It is assumed that the building adopts the DXGSHP system and the GCHP system respectively. Annual loads and energy consumption are simulated and computed. Then the initial cost, operating cost and CO2 emission are calculated. The economic benefit is analyzed with the Payback Time method and the Dynamic Annual Cost Value method. The environmental benefit is discussed mainly by comparing the CO2 emission savings. The results show that the DXGSHP system has higher initial costs, but lower operating costs, and less greenhouse gas emissions. The DXGSHP system has better comprehensive benefits than the GCHP system.
文摘The objective of the present paper is to describe a technical and economical visibility study of the application of ground source heat pumps （GSHP） in a supermarket in Portugal. The study was developed under the European project ＂Integration of Geothermal Energy Into Industrial Application - IGEIA＂, project number EIE 06/001, supported by the Intelligent Energy for Europe, IEE, of EACI, European Commission. In general for supermarkets installed in single buildings, the building envelope has higher rates of envelope areas per indoor air volume. In Portugal this fact produces high need of heating during the winter season and high cooling needs during the summer season. Inside the building there are strong internal heat loads produced by high densities of lights and equipments. However these internal loads are not distributed uniformly. There are some areas with high production of heat but there are others with production of cooling. Therefore the acclimatization of this kind of buildings is not so easy and the balance of heating and cooling needs is depending of different parameters which should be well evaluated. The energy consummation of the cold display cases and deep freezers in market area and storage is also very high. The different energy needs could be studied in an integrated way and could be partially satisfied by geothermal energy using ground source heat pumps. At the same time the boreholes could be used as an energy reservoir increasing the efficiency of whole system. Four different climatic zones in Portugal were selected, （north coast, interior north, south coast and interior south） using the same system. The results of the study show that the all energy needs can by partially satisfied by geothermal energy but they need to be integrated to increase the global efficiency. The paper shows that the geothermal energy can be an attractive application for the supermarkets in Portugal if the energy solution is studied in an integrated way and if it is also considered as a cost the emissions of CO2 avoid by the new system.
基金Supported by project of Shallow Geothermal Energy Survey of Inner Mongolia Baotou Plain(No.2010-3-SK35)
文摘According to the elements of hydrogeological conditions,lithology,stratigraphic thermal physical parameters,construction technology and economic rational elements,the evaluation system of ground source heat pump( GSHP) were established in Baotou plain. The factor weights were determined by using analytic hierarchy process,and the comprehensive element method was selected to evaluate the region suitability of GSHP system. The results show that the suitable area is 559. 63 km2 for utilizing GSHP in the studied area,accounting for 62. 58% of the total area; while the unsuitable area is 334. 60 km2,accounting for37.42%. The evaluating results can provide not only a scientific basis for development and utilization rationally of shallow geothermal heat in Baotou,but also offer an important reference to the other areas.
文摘Iraq is located in the Middle East with an area that reaches 437,072 km2 and a population of about 36 million. This country is suffering from severe electricity shortage problems which are expected to increase with time. In this research, an attempt is made to minimize this problem by combining the borehole thermal energy storage (BTES) with a heat pump, the indoor temperature of a residential building or other facility may be increased or reduced beyond the temperature interval of the heat carrier fluid. Due to the relatively high ground temperature in Middle Eastern countries, the seasonal thermal energy storages (STES) and ground source heat pump (GSHP) systems have a remarkable potential, partly because the reduced thermal losses from the underground storage and the expected high COP (ratio of thermal energy gain to required driving energy (electricity)) of a heat pump, partly because of the potential for using STES directly for heating and cooling. In this research, groundwater conditions of Babylon city in Iraq were investigated to evaluate the possibility of using GSHP to reduce energy consumption. It is believed that such system will reduce consumed energy by about 60%.
文摘Ground Source Heat Pump technique and its operating principle are described in this paper. Ground heat exchanger is the key technique of ground source heat pump and its patterns are discussed. Software is helpful to design ground heat exchanger. A project of Chinese Ground Source Heat Pump is introduced and its market is more and more extensive.
文摘According to the specific situation of a general hospital project, this paper analyzes the feasibility of the application of ground source heat pump air conditioning in the project from the conditions, one-time investment, energy consumption and operating costs of the implementation of ground source heat pump air conditioning, and comprehensively expounds several important technical measures of the implementation of ground source heat pump air conditioning. Combined with the characteristics of this project, the operation strategies of ground source heat pump air conditioning system under summer cooling condition, winter heating condition and over season condition are designed and put forward to ensure that the ground source heat pump air conditioning system can achieve the expected design effect and energy saving and emission reduction benefits.
文摘In this paper, the operation strategy of an energy storage ground source heat pump project in Beijing is studied, and the heat balance of the ground source heat pump is analyzed and calculated under the existing operation strategy. The research shows that after the ground source heat pump system has been in operation for one year, the temperature rise of geological body in the hole distribution area is about 0.34℃, considering the influence of formation lithology, scattered hole distribution, abundant site, groundwater runoff and other factors on the heat dissipation of geological body, and the intermission of the heat pump air conditioning system is also beneficial to the recovery of the temperature of geological body. It can be considered that the ground heat pump system has little impact on the temperature of the rock and soil mass, and the project has good sustainability.
文摘Natural energy use is important to reduce the energy consumption of buildings. However, further reducing energy consumption with traditional systems is difficult. Therefore, we proposed a MMHP （multi-source and multi-use heat pump） to achieve higher efficiency than traditional systems. The MMHP system connects multiple heat sources such as solar heat, the ground, and air and multiple heat uses such as cooling, heating, and a hot water dispenser with a water loop. Each type of heat use side can utilize heat efficiently. However, there is a distinct lack of highly efficient hot water dispensers available. Therefore, we developed the IHWD WS （instantaneous hot water dispenser based on a water source） heat pump. In this study, we developed a prototype of the IHWD WS heat pump. The coefficient of performance of the IHWD WS heat pump was 5.2-8.5 throughout a year. When it is improved, COP （coefficient of performance） is expected to be 9.3-9.9.
