Radiation doses to patients in diagnostics and interventional radiology need to be optimized to comply with the principles of radiation protection in medical practice. This involves using specific detectors with respe...Radiation doses to patients in diagnostics and interventional radiology need to be optimized to comply with the principles of radiation protection in medical practice. This involves using specific detectors with respective diagnostic beams to carry out quality control/quality assurance tests needed to optimize patient doses in the hospital. Semiconductor detectors are used in dosimetry to verify the equipment performance and dose to patients. This work aims to assess the performance, energy dependence, and response of five commercially available semiconductor detectors in RQR, RQR-M, RQA, and RQT at Secondary Standard Dosimetry for clinical applications. The diagnostic beams were generated using Exradin A4 reference ion chamber and PTW electrometer. The ambient temperature and pressure were noted for KTP correction. The detectors designed for RQR showed good performance in RQT beams and vice versa. The detectors designed for RQR-M displayed high energy dependency in other diagnostic beams. The type of diagnostic beam quality determines the response of semiconductor detectors. Therefore, a detector should be calibrated according to the beam qualities to be measured.展开更多
Oral and maxillofacial diagnostic imaging is of paramount importance in dental clinical diagnosis,treatment planning,and follow-up procedures.Periapical ra-diographic examination and numerous panoramic systems are use...Oral and maxillofacial diagnostic imaging is of paramount importance in dental clinical diagnosis,treatment planning,and follow-up procedures.Periapical ra-diographic examination and numerous panoramic systems are used in routine clinical dental practice.Cone beam CT is widely used and currently the method of choice in oral and maxillofacial implantology,endodontics,maxillofacial surgery,periodontics,degenerative temporomandibular joint disease,orthodontics,airway studies,sleep disorders,and forensic dentistry.Another innovative laboratory re-search tool that offers three-dimensional(3D)detailed high-resolution images of in vitro teeth and neighboring structures with submicrometric accuracy is micro-computed tomography.Ultra-high radiation doses,long scanning times,and high costs preclude its routine clinical use.In response to the high demand for a te-chnique that could provide real-time images using a cost-effective,rapid,user-friendly,and portable technique without ionizing radiation,some authors pro-posed ultrasound imaging methods as an alternative to X-ray imaging techniques.Ultrasonography can be used in the dentomaxillofacial region for various diagno-stic purposes such as salivary gland and superficial tissue examination.Recently,dedicated dental magnetic resonance imaging with appropriate software,hard-ware,sequences,and field of view tailored to fit dentomaxillofacial anatomy was introduced.Lately,3D printing technologies and their application in dentistry has attracted attention.During 3D printing a given material is added in successive layers to create a 3D object.The application of this technology has the potential to decrease operation time and minimize operator bias and the possibility of proce-dural errors.Another hot topic regarding dentomaxillofacial radiology is artificial intelligence,which is a field related to computer science dedicated to developing systems or machines that can perform tasks traditionally associated with human intelligence.It is obvious that further investigation and research in the field of dentomaxillofacial radiology will make great contributions to diagnostic imaging for various dental specialties.展开更多
The purpose of this research was to evaluate radiological safety in pediatric radiology in hospitals in the Kongo Central province of the DRC. To this end, we surveyed a convenience sample of 50 health professionals, ...The purpose of this research was to evaluate radiological safety in pediatric radiology in hospitals in the Kongo Central province of the DRC. To this end, we surveyed a convenience sample of 50 health professionals, including 10 radiologists working in the hospitals covered by the survey, to assess the practice of pediatric radiology and the degree of compliance with radiation protection principles for the safety of children and the environment. We collected radiophysical parameters to calculate entrance doses in pediatric radiology in radiology departments to determine the dosimetric level by comparison with the diagnostic reference levels of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). All in all, we found that in Kongo Central in the DRC, many health personnel surveyed reported that more than 30% of requested radiological examinations are not justified. Also, after comparing the entrance doses produced in the surveyed departments with those of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), a statistically significant difference was found in pediatric radiology between the average doses in five out of six surveyed departments and those of the ICRP. Therefore, almost all of the surveyed departments were found to be highly irradiating in children, while excessive X-ray irradiation in children can have significant effects due to their increased sensitivity to radiation. Among the risks are: increased cancer risks, damage to developing cells, potential genetic effects, and neurological effects. This is why support for implementing radiation protection principles is a necessity to promote the safety of patients and the environment against the harmful effects of X-rays in conventional radiology.展开更多
Purpose:Our institution developed the subspecialized medical team(SMT)mode in radiology reporting workflows in July 2022 to strengthen profes-sionalism in radiology residency training.This study aimed to investigate w...Purpose:Our institution developed the subspecialized medical team(SMT)mode in radiology reporting workflows in July 2022 to strengthen profes-sionalism in radiology residency training.This study aimed to investigate whether adopting the SMT mode facilitated radiology resident training.Method:This observational study was conducted in October 2022.An online questionnaire was distributed among first-to third-year radiology residents to determine their levels of perceived stress,anxiety,competency in image interpretation,and learning effectiveness in using the SMT mode and other approaches.Responses were on 4 or 5 point Likert scales,and multiple-choice responses were used for semi-open questions.The turnaround time for radi-ology reports was measured for both residents and senior radiologists.Sta-tistical significance(p<0.05)was determined using chi-square or Fisher's exact tests,one-way analysis of variance,pairwise t-tests,and the Kruskal-Wallis H test.Results:In total,71 residents completed the questionnaire survey.The turnaround times for radiology reports were collected for these residents and 23 senior radiologists.Residents'stress and anxiety scores,perceived levels of competency in image interpretation,and time spent writing reports were significantly increased in the SMT mode.In contrast,the time senior radiol-ogists spent reviewing a single report was decreased for the majority of report types after 1 year of implementing the SMT mode.Conclusion:These findings suggest adopting the SMT mode could facilitate the training of radiology residents.However,residents'mental health and well-being should also be considered.展开更多
AIMTo assess the state of radiology education across Europe by means of a survey study.METHODSA comprehensive 23-item radiology survey was distributed via email to the International Society of Radiology members, natio...AIMTo assess the state of radiology education across Europe by means of a survey study.METHODSA comprehensive 23-item radiology survey was distributed via email to the International Society of Radiology members, national radiological societies, radiologists and medical physicists. Reminders to complete the survey were sent and the results were analyzed over a period of 4 mo (January-April 2016). Survey questions include length of medical school and residency training; availability of fellowship and subspecialty training; number of residency programs in each country; accreditation pathways; research training; and medical physics education. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and summarize data.RESULTSRadiology residency training ranges from 2-6 years with a median of 5 years, and follows 1 year of internship training in 55% (12 out of 22) European countries. Subspecialty fellowship training is offered in 55% (12 out of 22) European countries. Availability for specialization training by national societies is limited to eight countries. For nearly all respondents, less than fifty percent of radiologists travel abroad for specialization. Nine of 22 (41%) European countries have research requirements during residency. The types of certifying exam show variation where 64% (14 out of 22) European countries require both written and oral boards, 23% (5 out of 22) require oral examinations only, and 5% (1 out of 22) require written examinations only. A degree in medical physics is offered in 59% (13 out of 22) European countries and is predominantly taught by medical physicists. Nearly all respondents report that formal examinations in medical physics are required.CONCLUSIONComparative learning experiences across the continent will help guide the development of comprehensive yet pragmatic infrastructures for radiology education and collaborations in radiology education worldwide.展开更多
Effective communication and collaboration among healthcare professionals are crucial for delivering high-quality patient care.Interdepartmental miscommunication poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems,pote...Effective communication and collaboration among healthcare professionals are crucial for delivering high-quality patient care.Interdepartmental miscommunication poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems,potentially undermining the quality of healthcare services provided.In the same manner,communication barriers between referring physicians and radiologists can specifically affect radiology services and patient outcomes.This article attempts to put the spotlight on the ever-present chronic challenges of this issue and prompt readers to recognize the relevant potential pitfalls in their daily clinical practice.Practical solutions are explored and proposed,which should be tailored to the specific needs and issues that each individual institution may face.展开更多
Aim: Lead aprons are used to protect against scattered radiation from the patient during interventional procedures and certain special conventional radiological examinations. Given the importance of the role lead apro...Aim: Lead aprons are used to protect against scattered radiation from the patient during interventional procedures and certain special conventional radiological examinations. Given the importance of the role lead aprons are supposed to play in radiation protection, we propose to assess their conformity in medical imaging departments in public and religious hospitals in Togo. Materials and method: A multi-centre survey conducted from 26 November to 06 December 2021 in the radiology departments of public and religious health facilities in Togo. All aprons in use were included. The evaluation criteria were physical (visual), quantitative (radiographic) and qualitative (dosimetric). Results: We had registred 43 aprons among wich 27 (62.79%) leaded aprons were labelled non-compliant and 16 (37.21%) were labelled compliant. Of the aprons judged to be non-compliant, 70.37% were more than 10 years old and 96.30% showed defects on the radiographic images. The most common defects were vampire marks (18.64%), multiple folds (16.96%), cracks (16.96%), multiple cracks (15.25%), tears (8.47%), absence of lead (5.08%), holes (3.39%) and lead corrosion (1.69%). Defective aprons (62.96%) had at least two defects. The defects were of thoraco-abdomino-pelvic (74.07%), thoracic (14.82%) and abdomino-pelvic (11.11%) topography. For indirect exposure at 50 and 70 kilovolts, all the aprons had an attenuation factor greater than 90%. After dosimetric measurement, 13.95% of aprons had attenuation factors below 90% for indirect exposure at 100 kilovolts. Conclusion: The compliance of the leaded decks is trifactorial (physical, radiographic and dosimetric). However, there is no significant difference in X-ray attenuation capacity between defective and normal decks.展开更多
Background: The need to establish a strong culture around radiation safety is derived from the assertion that medical practitioners, patients, and third parties should not be exposed to unnecessary radiation. Authorit...Background: The need to establish a strong culture around radiation safety is derived from the assertion that medical practitioners, patients, and third parties should not be exposed to unnecessary radiation. Authorities have endeavored to enact policies to protect all employers and patients in radiology departments. Objectives: To assess the impact of radiation safety practices and regulations on the ongoing improvements in radiation safety culture and practices in radiology departments. This will be achieved through a subjective assessment of national and international rules and regulations by healthcare professionals. Materials and Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey in the radiology departments of three JCI-accredited hospitals in the Riyadh region to identify and assess the impact of national radiation regulations and the accompanying processes on the improvement of radiation safety culture and practices in radiology departments. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the grading system results among various groups of respondents, based on their educational level. Also, there are statistically significant differences between the assessments of safety level results in the answers provided by various groups of respondents according to education level in favor of the master’s degree. Conclusion: The study concludes that technicians with a diploma degree require stricter regulation. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that an exposure tracking system and a regulatory action supporting it may be useful in the ongoing task of improving patients’ radiation safety.展开更多
1.INTRODUCTION.The integration of technology in medicine,particularly in the field of radiology,has led to significant advancements in patient care and diagnosis.While this digital transformation of healthcare has bro...1.INTRODUCTION.The integration of technology in medicine,particularly in the field of radiology,has led to significant advancements in patient care and diagnosis.While this digital transformation of healthcare has brought many benefits,it has also exposed radiological systems and sensitive patient data to unprecedented cybersecurity threats.This article aims to highlight the current cyberattack landscape,trends,and benefits of ethical hacking,which could be employed to identify vulnerabilities and improve cybersecurity defenses.展开更多
In this scoping review,we evaluated the performance of artificial intelligence(AI)in clinical radiology practice and examined health professionals'perspec-tives regarding AI use in radiology.This review followed t...In this scoping review,we evaluated the performance of artificial intelligence(AI)in clinical radiology practice and examined health professionals'perspec-tives regarding AI use in radiology.This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)methodological guidelines.We searched multiple databases and the gray literature from March 15,2016 to December 31,2023.Of 49 articles reviewed,13 assessed the performance of AI in radiology clinical practice,and 36 examined the attitudes of health professionals toward the use of AI in radi-ology.In four separate studies,AI significantly improved the diagnostic sensi-tivity or detection rate.Furthermore,six articles emphasized a significant reduction in case reading times with AI use.Although three studies suggested an increase in specificity with the assistance of AI,these findings did not reach statistical significance.Health professionals expressed the belief that AI would have a significant impact on radiology but would not replace radiologists in the near future.Limited knowledge of AI was observed among health professionals,Abbreviations:AI,artificial intelligence;NPV,negative predictive value;PPV,positive predictive value.Chanchan He and Weiqi Liu are co-first authors.who supported increased education and explicit regulations and guidelines related to AI.Overall,AI can enhance diagnostic efficiency and accuracy in clinical radiology practice.However,knowledge gaps and the concerns of health professionals should be addressed by prioritizing education and reinforcing ethical and legal regulations to facilitate the advancement of AI use in radiology.This scoping review provides evidence toward a comprehensive understanding of AI's potential in clinical radiology practice,promoting its use and stimulating further discussion on related challenges and implications.展开更多
1.INTRODUCTION.As the authors of this commentary,we would like to clarify that the figures presented originated from ChatGPT 3.5.Unless specified otherwise,in all figures,questions were provided as input through its u...1.INTRODUCTION.As the authors of this commentary,we would like to clarify that the figures presented originated from ChatGPT 3.5.Unless specified otherwise,in all figures,questions were provided as input through its user interface and the responses generated have been illustrated in a distinct font.The human authors subsequently under-took the editing process where we edited the ChatGPT 3.5 generated responses for better clarity(in terms of text organization)[1-3].展开更多
INTRODUCTIONRadiology has been greatly advanced in China sinceits founding in 1949 and has been developed fasterand further more since China adopted the policy ofsocioeconomic reform in 1978.It plays anincreasingly im...INTRODUCTIONRadiology has been greatly advanced in China sinceits founding in 1949 and has been developed fasterand further more since China adopted the policy ofsocioeconomic reform in 1978.It plays anincreasingly important role in the medical healthcare and treatment in the country and has reachedthe world’s advanced level in certain fields.We nowbriefly review the history of China’s radiology so asto give a clear picture of its development.展开更多
Introduction: Radiology and medical imaging examinations bring together the means of acquiring and restoring images of the human body from different physical phenomena such as the absorption of X-rays, nuclear magneti...Introduction: Radiology and medical imaging examinations bring together the means of acquiring and restoring images of the human body from different physical phenomena such as the absorption of X-rays, nuclear magnetic resonance, reflection of ultrasound waves or radioactivity, with which we sometimes associate optical imaging techniques such as endoscopy. The objective of our study was to study the profile of radiological examinations in the radiology and medical imaging department of the “KALALE” medical clinic. Methodology: This was a descriptive, prospective study that took place over a period of six (6) months in the radiology and medical imaging department of the “KALALE” medical clinic and the centers of health of communes III and IV of Bamako in Mali. Data collection was carried out on a survey form. The parameters studied were sociodemographic data, clinical data, radiological data. Results: We recorded 6030 radiology examinations of which 19% of the examination frequency cases came from the “KALALE” medical clinic and 81% of the cases were referrals from the reference health centers of communes III and IV. There were 1500 X-rays or 24.9% of cases including 54% cases of bone X-rays;5% of cases of skull and face X-rays;5% of cases of Intravenous Urography (IVU);4% of cases of Hysterosalpingography (HSG);3% of cases of Retrograde Ureterocystography (UCR) and 1% of cases of X-ray of the Abdomen without preparation (ASP). We found 4530 ultrasounds or 75.1% of cases. Conclusion: Medical imaging has become essential in the study of the human body and now constitutes an essential tool for the detection and treatment of most pathologies, from simple fractures to the most serious tumors.展开更多
In order to further improve the impact of the continuously evolving neurointerventional techniques, the interventional neuroradiologist needs to have at his disposal more powerful techniques to image the central nervo...In order to further improve the impact of the continuously evolving neurointerventional techniques, the interventional neuroradiologist needs to have at his disposal more powerful techniques to image the central nervous system. With the recent development of diagnostics techniques that are computed tomography and magnetic resonance based we are now able to assess not just morphology, but also physiology, physiopathology and function. This review discusses the place of diagnostic techniques in the evaluation that the interventional neuroradiologist hast to make when confronted with patients. We provide an overview of current techniques for the brain and spine.展开更多
Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers often require a multidisciplinary approach involving surgeons,endoscopists,oncologists,and interventional radiologists to diagnose and treat primitive cancers,metastases,and related complic...Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers often require a multidisciplinary approach involving surgeons,endoscopists,oncologists,and interventional radiologists to diagnose and treat primitive cancers,metastases,and related complications.In this context,interventional radiology(IR)represents a useful minimally-invasive tool allowing to reach lesions that are not easily approachable with other techniques.In the last years,through the development of new devices,IR has become increasingly relevant in the context of a more comprehensive management of the oncologic patient.Arterial embolization,ablative techniques,and gene therapy represent useful and innovative IR tools in GI cancer treatment.Moreover,IR can be useful for the management of GI cancer-related complications,such as bleeding,abscesses,GI obstructions,and neurological pain.The aim of this study is to show the principal IR techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of GI cancers and related complications,as well as to describe the future perspectives of IR in this oncologic field.展开更多
Background: The hospitals and health care centres are organized around the patient, a model in which healthcare providers partner with patients and families to identify and satisfy patients’ needs and preferences. Pr...Background: The hospitals and health care centres are organized around the patient, a model in which healthcare providers partner with patients and families to identify and satisfy patients’ needs and preferences. Providers respect patients’ values and preferences, address their emotional and social needs, and involve them and their families in decision making. According to the best of our knowledge, there is no evidence to prove, radiologists and radiographers are aware enough about the patient safety, care, and code of conduct with their patients in the interventional radiology department. Objective: This article aims to measure the awareness of radiologists and radiographers toward care and safety in an interventional radiology department. Material and Method: This study was carried in period from 15 February to 20 April 2022. One hundred sixty-four radiographers and radiologists participating in this study completed the questionnaire, which equals a response rate of approximately 82%. The questionnaire was fully completed by almost all responders;only a few of them gave partial answers. Results: The first question for radiographers and radiologists was “the sufficient awareness about the patient safety and care during the interventional radiology procedure. Also, the majority of the radiographers and radiologists are providing the patients with sufficient information when he/she ask for help or queries. A large number of radiographers and radiologists were participating in this study explaining the procedures to patients before starting the examinations in a structured way. Finally, the result shows both radiographers and radiologists respect the patient’s rights, privacy, and dignity and also kept the radiation protection during the interventional radiology procedures. Conclusion: This article summarizes the key categories of awareness of patient care issues in the provision of interventional radiology services, from the joint perspectives of radiographers and radiologists, and provides references for further reading in all major relevant areas.展开更多
Interventional radiology has acquired a key role in every liver transplantation(LT)program by treating the majority of vascular and non-vascular post-transplant complications,improving graft and patient survival and a...Interventional radiology has acquired a key role in every liver transplantation(LT)program by treating the majority of vascular and non-vascular post-transplant complications,improving graft and patient survival and avoiding,in the majority of cases,surgical revision and/or re-transplantation.The aim of this paper is to review indications,technical consideration,results achievable and potential complications of interventional radiology procedures after deceased donor LT and living related adult LT.展开更多
Acute gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB) can lead to significant morbidity and mortality without appropriate treatment. There are numerous causes of acute GIB including but not limited to infection, vascular anomalies, in...Acute gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB) can lead to significant morbidity and mortality without appropriate treatment. There are numerous causes of acute GIB including but not limited to infection, vascular anomalies, inflammatory diseases, trauma, and malignancy. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach of GIB depends on its location, severity, and etiology. The role of interventional radiology becomes vital in patients whose GIB remains resistant to medical and endoscopic treatment. Radiology offers diagnostic imaging studies and endovascular therapeutic interventions that can be performed promptly and effectively with successful outcomes. Computed tomography angiography and nuclear scintigraphy can localize the source of bleeding and provide essential information for the interventional radiologist to guide therapeutic management with endovascular angiography and transcatheter embolization. This review article provides insight into the essential role of Interventional Radiology in the management of acute GIB.展开更多
The increased use of ionization radiation for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, the rapid advances in computed tomography as well as the high radiation doses delivered by interventional procedures have raised serio...The increased use of ionization radiation for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, the rapid advances in computed tomography as well as the high radiation doses delivered by interventional procedures have raised serious safety and health concerns for both patients and medical staff and have necessitated the establishment of a radiation protection culture(RPC) in every Radiology Department. RPC is a newly introduced concept. The term culture describes the combination of attitudes, beliefs, practices and rules among the professionals, staff and patients regarding to radiation protection. Most of the time, the challenge is to improve rather than to build a RPC. The establishment of a RPC requires continuing education of the staff and professional, effective communication among stakeholders of all levels and implementation of quality assurance programs. The RPC creation is being driven from the highest level. Leadership, professionals and associate societies are recognized to play a vital role in the embedding and promotion of RPC in a Medical Unit. The establishment of a RPC enables the reduction of the radiation dose, enhances radiation risk awareness, minimizes unsafe practices, and improves the quality of a radiation protection program. The purpose of this review paper is to describe the role and highlight the importance of establishing a strong RPC in Radiology Departments with an emphasis on promoting RPC in the Interventional Radiology environment.展开更多
The large language model called ChatGPT has drawn extensively attention because of its human-like expression and reasoning abilities.In this study,we investigate the feasibility of using ChatGPT in experiments on tran...The large language model called ChatGPT has drawn extensively attention because of its human-like expression and reasoning abilities.In this study,we investigate the feasibility of using ChatGPT in experiments on translating radiology reports into plain language for patients and healthcare providers so that they are educated for improved healthcare.Radiology reports from 62 low-dose chest computed tomography lung cancer screening scans and 76 brain magnetic resonance imaging metastases screening scans were collected in the first half of February for this study.According to the evaluation by radiologists,ChatGPT can successfully translate radiology reports into plain language with an average score of 4.27 in the five-point system with 0.08 places of information missing and 0.07 places of misinformation.In terms of the suggestions provided by ChatGPT,they are generally relevant such as keeping following-up with doctors and closely monitoring any symptoms,and for about 37%of 138 cases in total ChatGPT offers specific suggestions based on findings in the report.ChatGPT also presents some randomness in its responses with occasionally over-simplified or neglected information,which can be mitigated using a more detailed prompt.Furthermore,ChatGPT results are compared with a newly released large model GPT-4,showing that GPT-4 can significantly improve the quality of translated reports.Our results show that it is feasible to utilize large language models in clinical education,and further efforts are needed to address limitations and maximize their potential.展开更多
文摘Radiation doses to patients in diagnostics and interventional radiology need to be optimized to comply with the principles of radiation protection in medical practice. This involves using specific detectors with respective diagnostic beams to carry out quality control/quality assurance tests needed to optimize patient doses in the hospital. Semiconductor detectors are used in dosimetry to verify the equipment performance and dose to patients. This work aims to assess the performance, energy dependence, and response of five commercially available semiconductor detectors in RQR, RQR-M, RQA, and RQT at Secondary Standard Dosimetry for clinical applications. The diagnostic beams were generated using Exradin A4 reference ion chamber and PTW electrometer. The ambient temperature and pressure were noted for KTP correction. The detectors designed for RQR showed good performance in RQT beams and vice versa. The detectors designed for RQR-M displayed high energy dependency in other diagnostic beams. The type of diagnostic beam quality determines the response of semiconductor detectors. Therefore, a detector should be calibrated according to the beam qualities to be measured.
文摘Oral and maxillofacial diagnostic imaging is of paramount importance in dental clinical diagnosis,treatment planning,and follow-up procedures.Periapical ra-diographic examination and numerous panoramic systems are used in routine clinical dental practice.Cone beam CT is widely used and currently the method of choice in oral and maxillofacial implantology,endodontics,maxillofacial surgery,periodontics,degenerative temporomandibular joint disease,orthodontics,airway studies,sleep disorders,and forensic dentistry.Another innovative laboratory re-search tool that offers three-dimensional(3D)detailed high-resolution images of in vitro teeth and neighboring structures with submicrometric accuracy is micro-computed tomography.Ultra-high radiation doses,long scanning times,and high costs preclude its routine clinical use.In response to the high demand for a te-chnique that could provide real-time images using a cost-effective,rapid,user-friendly,and portable technique without ionizing radiation,some authors pro-posed ultrasound imaging methods as an alternative to X-ray imaging techniques.Ultrasonography can be used in the dentomaxillofacial region for various diagno-stic purposes such as salivary gland and superficial tissue examination.Recently,dedicated dental magnetic resonance imaging with appropriate software,hard-ware,sequences,and field of view tailored to fit dentomaxillofacial anatomy was introduced.Lately,3D printing technologies and their application in dentistry has attracted attention.During 3D printing a given material is added in successive layers to create a 3D object.The application of this technology has the potential to decrease operation time and minimize operator bias and the possibility of proce-dural errors.Another hot topic regarding dentomaxillofacial radiology is artificial intelligence,which is a field related to computer science dedicated to developing systems or machines that can perform tasks traditionally associated with human intelligence.It is obvious that further investigation and research in the field of dentomaxillofacial radiology will make great contributions to diagnostic imaging for various dental specialties.
文摘The purpose of this research was to evaluate radiological safety in pediatric radiology in hospitals in the Kongo Central province of the DRC. To this end, we surveyed a convenience sample of 50 health professionals, including 10 radiologists working in the hospitals covered by the survey, to assess the practice of pediatric radiology and the degree of compliance with radiation protection principles for the safety of children and the environment. We collected radiophysical parameters to calculate entrance doses in pediatric radiology in radiology departments to determine the dosimetric level by comparison with the diagnostic reference levels of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP). All in all, we found that in Kongo Central in the DRC, many health personnel surveyed reported that more than 30% of requested radiological examinations are not justified. Also, after comparing the entrance doses produced in the surveyed departments with those of the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), a statistically significant difference was found in pediatric radiology between the average doses in five out of six surveyed departments and those of the ICRP. Therefore, almost all of the surveyed departments were found to be highly irradiating in children, while excessive X-ray irradiation in children can have significant effects due to their increased sensitivity to radiation. Among the risks are: increased cancer risks, damage to developing cells, potential genetic effects, and neurological effects. This is why support for implementing radiation protection principles is a necessity to promote the safety of patients and the environment against the harmful effects of X-rays in conventional radiology.
基金Teaching Reform Project of Higher Education of Sichuan University,Grant/Award Number:SCU10366Research and Practice Project of Undergraduate Teaching Reform of West China School of Medicine,Sichuan University,Grant/Award Number:HXBK-B2023029。
文摘Purpose:Our institution developed the subspecialized medical team(SMT)mode in radiology reporting workflows in July 2022 to strengthen profes-sionalism in radiology residency training.This study aimed to investigate whether adopting the SMT mode facilitated radiology resident training.Method:This observational study was conducted in October 2022.An online questionnaire was distributed among first-to third-year radiology residents to determine their levels of perceived stress,anxiety,competency in image interpretation,and learning effectiveness in using the SMT mode and other approaches.Responses were on 4 or 5 point Likert scales,and multiple-choice responses were used for semi-open questions.The turnaround time for radi-ology reports was measured for both residents and senior radiologists.Sta-tistical significance(p<0.05)was determined using chi-square or Fisher's exact tests,one-way analysis of variance,pairwise t-tests,and the Kruskal-Wallis H test.Results:In total,71 residents completed the questionnaire survey.The turnaround times for radiology reports were collected for these residents and 23 senior radiologists.Residents'stress and anxiety scores,perceived levels of competency in image interpretation,and time spent writing reports were significantly increased in the SMT mode.In contrast,the time senior radiol-ogists spent reviewing a single report was decreased for the majority of report types after 1 year of implementing the SMT mode.Conclusion:These findings suggest adopting the SMT mode could facilitate the training of radiology residents.However,residents'mental health and well-being should also be considered.
文摘AIMTo assess the state of radiology education across Europe by means of a survey study.METHODSA comprehensive 23-item radiology survey was distributed via email to the International Society of Radiology members, national radiological societies, radiologists and medical physicists. Reminders to complete the survey were sent and the results were analyzed over a period of 4 mo (January-April 2016). Survey questions include length of medical school and residency training; availability of fellowship and subspecialty training; number of residency programs in each country; accreditation pathways; research training; and medical physics education. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze and summarize data.RESULTSRadiology residency training ranges from 2-6 years with a median of 5 years, and follows 1 year of internship training in 55% (12 out of 22) European countries. Subspecialty fellowship training is offered in 55% (12 out of 22) European countries. Availability for specialization training by national societies is limited to eight countries. For nearly all respondents, less than fifty percent of radiologists travel abroad for specialization. Nine of 22 (41%) European countries have research requirements during residency. The types of certifying exam show variation where 64% (14 out of 22) European countries require both written and oral boards, 23% (5 out of 22) require oral examinations only, and 5% (1 out of 22) require written examinations only. A degree in medical physics is offered in 59% (13 out of 22) European countries and is predominantly taught by medical physicists. Nearly all respondents report that formal examinations in medical physics are required.CONCLUSIONComparative learning experiences across the continent will help guide the development of comprehensive yet pragmatic infrastructures for radiology education and collaborations in radiology education worldwide.
文摘Effective communication and collaboration among healthcare professionals are crucial for delivering high-quality patient care.Interdepartmental miscommunication poses a significant challenge to healthcare systems,potentially undermining the quality of healthcare services provided.In the same manner,communication barriers between referring physicians and radiologists can specifically affect radiology services and patient outcomes.This article attempts to put the spotlight on the ever-present chronic challenges of this issue and prompt readers to recognize the relevant potential pitfalls in their daily clinical practice.Practical solutions are explored and proposed,which should be tailored to the specific needs and issues that each individual institution may face.
文摘Aim: Lead aprons are used to protect against scattered radiation from the patient during interventional procedures and certain special conventional radiological examinations. Given the importance of the role lead aprons are supposed to play in radiation protection, we propose to assess their conformity in medical imaging departments in public and religious hospitals in Togo. Materials and method: A multi-centre survey conducted from 26 November to 06 December 2021 in the radiology departments of public and religious health facilities in Togo. All aprons in use were included. The evaluation criteria were physical (visual), quantitative (radiographic) and qualitative (dosimetric). Results: We had registred 43 aprons among wich 27 (62.79%) leaded aprons were labelled non-compliant and 16 (37.21%) were labelled compliant. Of the aprons judged to be non-compliant, 70.37% were more than 10 years old and 96.30% showed defects on the radiographic images. The most common defects were vampire marks (18.64%), multiple folds (16.96%), cracks (16.96%), multiple cracks (15.25%), tears (8.47%), absence of lead (5.08%), holes (3.39%) and lead corrosion (1.69%). Defective aprons (62.96%) had at least two defects. The defects were of thoraco-abdomino-pelvic (74.07%), thoracic (14.82%) and abdomino-pelvic (11.11%) topography. For indirect exposure at 50 and 70 kilovolts, all the aprons had an attenuation factor greater than 90%. After dosimetric measurement, 13.95% of aprons had attenuation factors below 90% for indirect exposure at 100 kilovolts. Conclusion: The compliance of the leaded decks is trifactorial (physical, radiographic and dosimetric). However, there is no significant difference in X-ray attenuation capacity between defective and normal decks.
文摘Background: The need to establish a strong culture around radiation safety is derived from the assertion that medical practitioners, patients, and third parties should not be exposed to unnecessary radiation. Authorities have endeavored to enact policies to protect all employers and patients in radiology departments. Objectives: To assess the impact of radiation safety practices and regulations on the ongoing improvements in radiation safety culture and practices in radiology departments. This will be achieved through a subjective assessment of national and international rules and regulations by healthcare professionals. Materials and Methods: We conducted a questionnaire survey in the radiology departments of three JCI-accredited hospitals in the Riyadh region to identify and assess the impact of national radiation regulations and the accompanying processes on the improvement of radiation safety culture and practices in radiology departments. Results: There were statistically significant differences in the grading system results among various groups of respondents, based on their educational level. Also, there are statistically significant differences between the assessments of safety level results in the answers provided by various groups of respondents according to education level in favor of the master’s degree. Conclusion: The study concludes that technicians with a diploma degree require stricter regulation. Furthermore, the results of this study suggest that an exposure tracking system and a regulatory action supporting it may be useful in the ongoing task of improving patients’ radiation safety.
文摘1.INTRODUCTION.The integration of technology in medicine,particularly in the field of radiology,has led to significant advancements in patient care and diagnosis.While this digital transformation of healthcare has brought many benefits,it has also exposed radiological systems and sensitive patient data to unprecedented cybersecurity threats.This article aims to highlight the current cyberattack landscape,trends,and benefits of ethical hacking,which could be employed to identify vulnerabilities and improve cybersecurity defenses.
文摘In this scoping review,we evaluated the performance of artificial intelligence(AI)in clinical radiology practice and examined health professionals'perspec-tives regarding AI use in radiology.This review followed the Joanna Briggs Institute(JBI)methodological guidelines.We searched multiple databases and the gray literature from March 15,2016 to December 31,2023.Of 49 articles reviewed,13 assessed the performance of AI in radiology clinical practice,and 36 examined the attitudes of health professionals toward the use of AI in radi-ology.In four separate studies,AI significantly improved the diagnostic sensi-tivity or detection rate.Furthermore,six articles emphasized a significant reduction in case reading times with AI use.Although three studies suggested an increase in specificity with the assistance of AI,these findings did not reach statistical significance.Health professionals expressed the belief that AI would have a significant impact on radiology but would not replace radiologists in the near future.Limited knowledge of AI was observed among health professionals,Abbreviations:AI,artificial intelligence;NPV,negative predictive value;PPV,positive predictive value.Chanchan He and Weiqi Liu are co-first authors.who supported increased education and explicit regulations and guidelines related to AI.Overall,AI can enhance diagnostic efficiency and accuracy in clinical radiology practice.However,knowledge gaps and the concerns of health professionals should be addressed by prioritizing education and reinforcing ethical and legal regulations to facilitate the advancement of AI use in radiology.This scoping review provides evidence toward a comprehensive understanding of AI's potential in clinical radiology practice,promoting its use and stimulating further discussion on related challenges and implications.
文摘1.INTRODUCTION.As the authors of this commentary,we would like to clarify that the figures presented originated from ChatGPT 3.5.Unless specified otherwise,in all figures,questions were provided as input through its user interface and the responses generated have been illustrated in a distinct font.The human authors subsequently under-took the editing process where we edited the ChatGPT 3.5 generated responses for better clarity(in terms of text organization)[1-3].
文摘INTRODUCTIONRadiology has been greatly advanced in China sinceits founding in 1949 and has been developed fasterand further more since China adopted the policy ofsocioeconomic reform in 1978.It plays anincreasingly important role in the medical healthcare and treatment in the country and has reachedthe world’s advanced level in certain fields.We nowbriefly review the history of China’s radiology so asto give a clear picture of its development.
文摘Introduction: Radiology and medical imaging examinations bring together the means of acquiring and restoring images of the human body from different physical phenomena such as the absorption of X-rays, nuclear magnetic resonance, reflection of ultrasound waves or radioactivity, with which we sometimes associate optical imaging techniques such as endoscopy. The objective of our study was to study the profile of radiological examinations in the radiology and medical imaging department of the “KALALE” medical clinic. Methodology: This was a descriptive, prospective study that took place over a period of six (6) months in the radiology and medical imaging department of the “KALALE” medical clinic and the centers of health of communes III and IV of Bamako in Mali. Data collection was carried out on a survey form. The parameters studied were sociodemographic data, clinical data, radiological data. Results: We recorded 6030 radiology examinations of which 19% of the examination frequency cases came from the “KALALE” medical clinic and 81% of the cases were referrals from the reference health centers of communes III and IV. There were 1500 X-rays or 24.9% of cases including 54% cases of bone X-rays;5% of cases of skull and face X-rays;5% of cases of Intravenous Urography (IVU);4% of cases of Hysterosalpingography (HSG);3% of cases of Retrograde Ureterocystography (UCR) and 1% of cases of X-ray of the Abdomen without preparation (ASP). We found 4530 ultrasounds or 75.1% of cases. Conclusion: Medical imaging has become essential in the study of the human body and now constitutes an essential tool for the detection and treatment of most pathologies, from simple fractures to the most serious tumors.
文摘In order to further improve the impact of the continuously evolving neurointerventional techniques, the interventional neuroradiologist needs to have at his disposal more powerful techniques to image the central nervous system. With the recent development of diagnostics techniques that are computed tomography and magnetic resonance based we are now able to assess not just morphology, but also physiology, physiopathology and function. This review discusses the place of diagnostic techniques in the evaluation that the interventional neuroradiologist hast to make when confronted with patients. We provide an overview of current techniques for the brain and spine.
文摘Gastrointestinal(GI)cancers often require a multidisciplinary approach involving surgeons,endoscopists,oncologists,and interventional radiologists to diagnose and treat primitive cancers,metastases,and related complications.In this context,interventional radiology(IR)represents a useful minimally-invasive tool allowing to reach lesions that are not easily approachable with other techniques.In the last years,through the development of new devices,IR has become increasingly relevant in the context of a more comprehensive management of the oncologic patient.Arterial embolization,ablative techniques,and gene therapy represent useful and innovative IR tools in GI cancer treatment.Moreover,IR can be useful for the management of GI cancer-related complications,such as bleeding,abscesses,GI obstructions,and neurological pain.The aim of this study is to show the principal IR techniques for the diagnosis and treatment of GI cancers and related complications,as well as to describe the future perspectives of IR in this oncologic field.
文摘Background: The hospitals and health care centres are organized around the patient, a model in which healthcare providers partner with patients and families to identify and satisfy patients’ needs and preferences. Providers respect patients’ values and preferences, address their emotional and social needs, and involve them and their families in decision making. According to the best of our knowledge, there is no evidence to prove, radiologists and radiographers are aware enough about the patient safety, care, and code of conduct with their patients in the interventional radiology department. Objective: This article aims to measure the awareness of radiologists and radiographers toward care and safety in an interventional radiology department. Material and Method: This study was carried in period from 15 February to 20 April 2022. One hundred sixty-four radiographers and radiologists participating in this study completed the questionnaire, which equals a response rate of approximately 82%. The questionnaire was fully completed by almost all responders;only a few of them gave partial answers. Results: The first question for radiographers and radiologists was “the sufficient awareness about the patient safety and care during the interventional radiology procedure. Also, the majority of the radiographers and radiologists are providing the patients with sufficient information when he/she ask for help or queries. A large number of radiographers and radiologists were participating in this study explaining the procedures to patients before starting the examinations in a structured way. Finally, the result shows both radiographers and radiologists respect the patient’s rights, privacy, and dignity and also kept the radiation protection during the interventional radiology procedures. Conclusion: This article summarizes the key categories of awareness of patient care issues in the provision of interventional radiology services, from the joint perspectives of radiographers and radiologists, and provides references for further reading in all major relevant areas.
文摘Interventional radiology has acquired a key role in every liver transplantation(LT)program by treating the majority of vascular and non-vascular post-transplant complications,improving graft and patient survival and avoiding,in the majority of cases,surgical revision and/or re-transplantation.The aim of this paper is to review indications,technical consideration,results achievable and potential complications of interventional radiology procedures after deceased donor LT and living related adult LT.
文摘Acute gastrointestinal bleeding(GIB) can lead to significant morbidity and mortality without appropriate treatment. There are numerous causes of acute GIB including but not limited to infection, vascular anomalies, inflammatory diseases, trauma, and malignancy. The diagnostic and therapeutic approach of GIB depends on its location, severity, and etiology. The role of interventional radiology becomes vital in patients whose GIB remains resistant to medical and endoscopic treatment. Radiology offers diagnostic imaging studies and endovascular therapeutic interventions that can be performed promptly and effectively with successful outcomes. Computed tomography angiography and nuclear scintigraphy can localize the source of bleeding and provide essential information for the interventional radiologist to guide therapeutic management with endovascular angiography and transcatheter embolization. This review article provides insight into the essential role of Interventional Radiology in the management of acute GIB.
文摘The increased use of ionization radiation for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, the rapid advances in computed tomography as well as the high radiation doses delivered by interventional procedures have raised serious safety and health concerns for both patients and medical staff and have necessitated the establishment of a radiation protection culture(RPC) in every Radiology Department. RPC is a newly introduced concept. The term culture describes the combination of attitudes, beliefs, practices and rules among the professionals, staff and patients regarding to radiation protection. Most of the time, the challenge is to improve rather than to build a RPC. The establishment of a RPC requires continuing education of the staff and professional, effective communication among stakeholders of all levels and implementation of quality assurance programs. The RPC creation is being driven from the highest level. Leadership, professionals and associate societies are recognized to play a vital role in the embedding and promotion of RPC in a Medical Unit. The establishment of a RPC enables the reduction of the radiation dose, enhances radiation risk awareness, minimizes unsafe practices, and improves the quality of a radiation protection program. The purpose of this review paper is to describe the role and highlight the importance of establishing a strong RPC in Radiology Departments with an emphasis on promoting RPC in the Interventional Radiology environment.
文摘The large language model called ChatGPT has drawn extensively attention because of its human-like expression and reasoning abilities.In this study,we investigate the feasibility of using ChatGPT in experiments on translating radiology reports into plain language for patients and healthcare providers so that they are educated for improved healthcare.Radiology reports from 62 low-dose chest computed tomography lung cancer screening scans and 76 brain magnetic resonance imaging metastases screening scans were collected in the first half of February for this study.According to the evaluation by radiologists,ChatGPT can successfully translate radiology reports into plain language with an average score of 4.27 in the five-point system with 0.08 places of information missing and 0.07 places of misinformation.In terms of the suggestions provided by ChatGPT,they are generally relevant such as keeping following-up with doctors and closely monitoring any symptoms,and for about 37%of 138 cases in total ChatGPT offers specific suggestions based on findings in the report.ChatGPT also presents some randomness in its responses with occasionally over-simplified or neglected information,which can be mitigated using a more detailed prompt.Furthermore,ChatGPT results are compared with a newly released large model GPT-4,showing that GPT-4 can significantly improve the quality of translated reports.Our results show that it is feasible to utilize large language models in clinical education,and further efforts are needed to address limitations and maximize their potential.
