In the context of power generation companies, vast amounts of specialized data and expert knowledge have been accumulated. However, challenges such as data silos and fragmented knowledge hinder the effective utilizati...In the context of power generation companies, vast amounts of specialized data and expert knowledge have been accumulated. However, challenges such as data silos and fragmented knowledge hinder the effective utilization of this information. This study proposes a novel framework for intelligent Question-and-Answer (Q&A) systems based on Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) to address these issues. The system efficiently acquires domain-specific knowledge by leveraging external databases, including Relational Databases (RDBs) and graph databases, without additional fine-tuning for Large Language Models (LLMs). Crucially, the framework integrates a Dynamic Knowledge Base Updating Mechanism (DKBUM) and a Weighted Context-Aware Similarity (WCAS) method to enhance retrieval accuracy and mitigate inherent limitations of LLMs, such as hallucinations and lack of specialization. Additionally, the proposed DKBUM dynamically adjusts knowledge weights within the database, ensuring that the most recent and relevant information is utilized, while WCAS refines the alignment between queries and knowledge items by enhanced context understanding. Experimental validation demonstrates that the system can generate timely, accurate, and context-sensitive responses, making it a robust solution for managing complex business logic in specialized industries.展开更多
This article examines the implementation of a virtual health assistant powered by Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and GPT-4, aimed at enhancing clinical support through personalized, real-time interactions with p...This article examines the implementation of a virtual health assistant powered by Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and GPT-4, aimed at enhancing clinical support through personalized, real-time interactions with patients. The system is hypothesized to improve healthcare accessibility, operational efficiency, and patient outcomes by automating routine tasks and delivering accurate health information. The assistant leverages natural language processing and real-time data retrieval models to respond to patient inquiries, schedule appointments, provide medication reminders, assist with symptom triage, and answer insurance-related questions. By integrating RAG-based virtual care, the system reduces the burden on healthcare specialists and helps mitigate healthcare disparities, particularly in rural areas where traditional care is limited. Although the initial scope of testing did not validate all potential benefits, the results demonstrated high patient satisfaction and strong response accuracy, both critical for systems of this nature. These findings underscore the transformative potential of AI-driven virtual health assistants in enhancing patient engagement, streamlining operational workflows, and improving healthcare accessibility, ultimately contributing to better outcomes and more cost-effective care delivery.展开更多
The emergence of next generation networks(NextG),including 5G and beyond,is reshaping the technological landscape of cellular and mobile networks.These networks are sufficiently scaled to interconnect billions of user...The emergence of next generation networks(NextG),including 5G and beyond,is reshaping the technological landscape of cellular and mobile networks.These networks are sufficiently scaled to interconnect billions of users and devices.Researchers in academia and industry are focusing on technological advancements to achieve highspeed transmission,cell planning,and latency reduction to facilitate emerging applications such as virtual reality,the metaverse,smart cities,smart health,and autonomous vehicles.NextG continuously improves its network functionality to support these applications.Multiple input multiple output(MIMO)technology offers spectral efficiency,dependability,and overall performance in conjunctionwithNextG.This article proposes a secure channel estimation technique in MIMO topology using a norm-estimation model to provide comprehensive insights into protecting NextG network components against adversarial attacks.The technique aims to create long-lasting and secure NextG networks using this extended approach.The viability of MIMO applications and modern AI-driven methodologies to combat cybersecurity threats are explored in this research.Moreover,the proposed model demonstrates high performance in terms of reliability and accuracy,with a 20%reduction in the MalOut-RealOut-Diff metric compared to existing state-of-the-art techniques.展开更多
In this study,the power generation difference between the east-west and the north-south orientation of the vertically installed heterojunction solar cell(HJT)modules was deeply discussed.East-west oriented HJT module ...In this study,the power generation difference between the east-west and the north-south orientation of the vertically installed heterojunction solar cell(HJT)modules was deeply discussed.East-west oriented HJT module has 30%higher power generation,especially in desert photovoltaic(PV)with a bimodal distribution.While the south-north one has a single peak,the same as normal PV modules.Vertical power generation technology of HJT also has less land occupation,which is of great significance for optimizing the design of photovoltaic systems.展开更多
Solar-driven interface evaporation with high solar-to-steam conversion efficiency has shown great potential in seawater desalination.However,due to the influence of latent heat and condensation efficiency,the water yi...Solar-driven interface evaporation with high solar-to-steam conversion efficiency has shown great potential in seawater desalination.However,due to the influence of latent heat and condensation efficiency,the water yield from solar-driven interface evaporation remains insufficient,posing a significant challenge that requires resolution.In this work,we designed a dual-mode high-flux seawater desalination device that combines solar-driven interface evaporation and capacitive desalination.By utilizing coupled desalination materials exhibiting both photothermal conversion and capacitance activity,the device demonstrated photothermal evaporation rates of 1.41 and 0.97 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)for condensate water yield under one-sun irradiation.Additionally,the device exhibited a salt adsorption capacity of up to48 mg g^(-1)and a salt adsorption rate of 2.1 mg g^(-1)min-1.In addition,the salt adsorption capacity increased by approximately 32%under one-sun irradiation.Furthermore,photo-enhanced capacitive desalination performance was explored through numerical simulations and theoretical calculations.Theoretical calculations and characterizations confirmed that the defect energy levels formed by the introduction of sulfur vacancies can effectively widen the light absorption range,improve photothermal conversion performance,and stimulate more photoelectrons to participate in capacitive desalination.Concurrently,the electron distribution state of molybdenum disulfide with sulfur vacancies and surface defect sites contributes to ion/electron transport at the solid-liquid interface.This work provides a novel pathway for integrating solar vapor generation with other low-energy desalination technologies.展开更多
Defective phononic crystals(PnCs)have enabled spatial localization and quantitative amplification of elastic wave energy.Most previous research has focused on applications such as narrow-bandpass filters,ultrasonic se...Defective phononic crystals(PnCs)have enabled spatial localization and quantitative amplification of elastic wave energy.Most previous research has focused on applications such as narrow-bandpass filters,ultrasonic sensors,and piezoelectric energy harvesters,typically operating under the assumption of an external elastic wave incidence.Recently,a novel approach that uses defective PnCs as ultrasonic actuators to generate amplified waves has emerged.However,the existing studies are limited to the generation of either longitudinal or bending waves,with no research addressing the concurrent generation of both.Hence,this paper proposes a straightforward methodology for the concurrent generation and amplification of both wave types utilizing defect modes at independent defect-band frequencies.Bimorph piezoelectric elements are attached to the defect,with each element connected to independent external voltage sources.By precisely adjusting the magnitude and temporal phase differences between the voltage sources,concurrently amplified wave generation is achieved.The paper highlights the advantages of the proposed analytical model.This model is both computationally time-efficient and accurate,in comparison with the COMSOL simulation results.For instance,in case studies,the analytical model reduces the computational time from one hour to mere seconds,while maintaining acceptable error rates of 1%in peak frequencies.This concurrent wave-generation methodology opens new avenues for applications in rotating machinery fault diagnosis,structural health monitoring,and medical imaging.展开更多
We experimentally analyze the effect of the optical power on the time delay signature identification and the random bit generation in chaotic semiconductor laser with optical feedback.Due to the inevitable noise durin...We experimentally analyze the effect of the optical power on the time delay signature identification and the random bit generation in chaotic semiconductor laser with optical feedback.Due to the inevitable noise during the photoelectric detection and analog-digital conversion,the varying of output optical power would change the signal to noise ratio,then impact time delay signature identification and the random bit generation.Our results show that,when the optical power is less than-14 dBm,with the decreasing of the optical power,the actual identified time delay signature degrades and the entropy of the chaotic signal increases.Moreover,the extracted random bit sequence with lower optical power is more easily pass through the randomness testing.展开更多
Two types of bound states in continuum(BICs),symmetry-protected and Brillouin zone folding driven,are identified in hollow Si nanorod arrays.By modulating the direction and distance of the air holes from the center of...Two types of bound states in continuum(BICs),symmetry-protected and Brillouin zone folding driven,are identified in hollow Si nanorod arrays.By modulating the direction and distance of the air holes from the center of the nanorods,it is possible to achieve either a single quasi-BIC or three quasi-BICs.The transmission spectra exhibit ultra-narrow lines,and the quasi-BICs demonstrate ultra-high Q factors.Additionally,efficient third-harmonic generation occurs at low pump intensities.The results indicate that the proposed nanostructures of two types of BICs with a flexible modulation hold great potential applications for nonlinear photonic devices.展开更多
This paper proposes a concurrent neural network model to mitigate non-linear distortion in power amplifiers using a basis function generation approach.The model is designed using polynomial expansion and comprises a f...This paper proposes a concurrent neural network model to mitigate non-linear distortion in power amplifiers using a basis function generation approach.The model is designed using polynomial expansion and comprises a feedforward neural network(FNN)and a convolutional neural network(CNN).The proposed model takes the basic elements that form the bases as input,defined by the generalized memory polynomial(GMP)and dynamic deviation reduction(DDR)models.The FNN generates the basis function and its output represents the basis values,while the CNN generates weights for the corresponding bases.Through the concurrent training of FNN and CNN,the hidden layer coefficients are updated,and the complex multiplication of their outputs yields the trained in-phase/quadrature(I/Q)signals.The proposed model was trained and tested using 300 MHz and 400 MHz broadband data in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)communication system.The results show that the model achieves an adjacent channel power ratio(ACPR)of less than-48 d B within a 100 MHz integral bandwidth for both the training and test datasets.展开更多
With the continuous adjustment of the energy structure,photovoltaic(PV)power generation projects are increasing,playing a crucial role in promoting the application of clean energy.However,the current audit of complete...With the continuous adjustment of the energy structure,photovoltaic(PV)power generation projects are increasing,playing a crucial role in promoting the application of clean energy.However,the current audit of completed final accounts for photovoltaic power generation projects faces many challenges,such as incomplete institutional processes,scattered archive management materials,inadequate digital intelligence systems,and insufficient analysis of final account amounts.Based on this,this article aims to deeply analyze these issues and propose targeted audit suggestions to standardize the construction and audit work of photovoltaic power generation projects and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the photovoltaic power generation business.展开更多
Due to the broadcast nature of wireless channels and the development of quantum computers,the confidentiality of wireless communication is seriously threatened.In this paper,we propose an integrated communications and...Due to the broadcast nature of wireless channels and the development of quantum computers,the confidentiality of wireless communication is seriously threatened.In this paper,we propose an integrated communications and security(ICAS)design to enhance communication security using reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RIS),in which the physical layer key generation(PLKG)rate and the data transmission rate are jointly considered.Specifically,to deal with the threat of eavesdropping attackers,we focus on studying the simultaneous transmission and key generation(STAG)by configuring the RIS phase shift.Firstly,we derive the key generation rate of the RIS assisted PLKG and formulate the optimization problem.Then,in light of the dynamic wireless environments,the optimization problem is modeled as a finite Markov decision process.We put forward a policy gradient-based proximal policy optimization(PPO)algorithm to optimize the continuous phase shift of the RIS,which improves the convergence stability and explores the security boundary of the RIS phase shift for STAG.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the benchmark method in convergence stability and system performance.By reasonably allocating the weight factors for the data transmission rate and the key generation rate,“one-time pad”communication can be achieved.The proposed method has about 90%performance improvement for“one-time pad”communication compared with the benchmark methods.展开更多
Nonlinear dielectric metasurfaces provide a promising approach to control and manipulate frequency conversion optical processes at the nanoscale,thus facilitating both advances in fundamental research and the developm...Nonlinear dielectric metasurfaces provide a promising approach to control and manipulate frequency conversion optical processes at the nanoscale,thus facilitating both advances in fundamental research and the development of new practical applications in photonics,lasing,and sensing.Here,we employ symmetry-broken metasurfaces made of centrosymmetric amorphous silicon for resonantly enhanced second-and third-order nonlinear optical response.Exploiting the rich physics of optical quasi-bound states in the continuum and guided mode resonances,we comprehensively study through rigorous numerical calculations the relative contribution of surface and bulk effects to second-harmonic generation(SHG)and the bulk contribution to third-harmonic generation(THG) from the meta-atoms.Next,we experimentally achieve optical resonances with high quality factors,which greatly boosts light-matter interaction,resulting in about 550 times SHG enhancement and nearly 5000-fold increase of THG.A good agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental measurements is observed.To gain deeper insights into the physics of the investigated nonlinear optical processes,we further numerically study the relation between nonlinear emission and the structural asymmetry of the metasurface and reveal that the generated harmonic signals arising from linear sharp resonances are highly dependent on the asymmetry of the meta-atoms.Our work suggests a fruitful strategy to enhance the harmonic generation and effectively control different orders of harmonics in all-dielectric metasurfaces,enabling the development of efficient active photonic nanodevices.展开更多
Measurement of bloodflow velocity is key to understanding physiology and pathology in vivo.While most measurements are performed at the middle of the blood vessel,little research has been done on characterizing the in...Measurement of bloodflow velocity is key to understanding physiology and pathology in vivo.While most measurements are performed at the middle of the blood vessel,little research has been done on characterizing the instantaneous bloodflow velocity distribution.This is mainly due to the lack of measurement technology with high spatial and temporal resolution.Here,we tackle this problem with our recently developed dual-wavelength line-scan third-harmonic generation(THG)imaging technology.Simultaneous acquisition of dual-wavelength THG line-scanning signals enables measurement of bloodflow velocities at two radially symmetric positions in both venules and arterioles in mouse brain in vivo.Our results clearly show that the instantaneous bloodflow velocity is not symmetric under general conditions.展开更多
Globally,most organic-rich shales are deposited with volcanic ash layers.Volcanic ash,a source for many sedimentary basins,can affect the sedimentary water environment,alter the primary productivity,and preserve the o...Globally,most organic-rich shales are deposited with volcanic ash layers.Volcanic ash,a source for many sedimentary basins,can affect the sedimentary water environment,alter the primary productivity,and preserve the organic matter(OM)through physical,chemical,and biological reactions.With an increasing number of breakthroughs in shale oil exploration in the Bohai Bay Basin in recent years,less attention has been paid to the crucial role of volcanic impact especially its influence on the OM enrichment and hydrocarbon formation.Here,we studied the petrology,mineralogy,and geochemical characteristics of the organic-rich shale in the upper submember of the fourth member(Es_(4)^(1))and the lower submember of the third member(Es_(3)^(3))of the Shahejie Formation,aiming to better understand the volcanic impact on organic-rich shale formation.Our results show that total organic carbon is higher in the upper shale intervals rich in volcanic ash with enriched light rare earth elements and moderate Eu anomalies.This indicates that volcanism promoted OM formation before or after the eruption.The positive correlation between Eu/Eu*and Post-Archean Australian Shale indicates hydrothermal activity before the volcanic eruption.The plane graph of the hydrocarbon-generating intensity(S1+S2)suggests that the heat released by volcanism promoted hydrocarbon generation.Meanwhile,the nutrients carried by volcanic ash promoted biological blooms during Es_(4)^(1 )and Es_(3)^(3) deposition,yielding a high primary productivity.Biological blooms consume large amounts of oxygen and form anoxic environments conducive to the burial and preservation of OM.Therefore,this study helps to further understand the organic-inorganic interactions caused by typical geological events and provides a guide for the next step of shale oil exploration and development in other lacustrine basins in China.展开更多
The application of solar steam generation in seawater desalination is an effective way to solve the shortage of fresh water resources.At present,many kinds of photothermal conversion materials have been developed and ...The application of solar steam generation in seawater desalination is an effective way to solve the shortage of fresh water resources.At present,many kinds of photothermal conversion materials have been developed and used as evaporators in seawater desalination.However,some evaporators need additional thermal insulation or water supply devices to achieve efficient photothermal conversion.In addition,their complex,time consuming and no scalable preparation process,high cost of raw materials and poor salt resistance hinder the practical application of these evaporator.Owing to its distinctive nanoporous structure,diatomite as fossilized single-cells algae diatoms is a promising natural silica-based material for seawater desalination.They are taken from sea and that makes true sense to use them in the sea.Herein,we report the first example of synthesis robust three-dimensional(3D)natural-diatomite composite by assembling polyaniline nanoparticles covered diatomite into the polyvinyl alcohol pre-treated melamine foam frameworks and demonstrate its application as new evaporator for seawater desalination.The porous framework does not only improve the sunlight scattering efficiency,but also offer large network of channels for water transportation.The inherent mechanism behind salt desalination process involves the absorption of water molecules on the surface of the internal silica micro-nano pores,and evaporation under the heat induced by the polyaniline absorbed sunlight.Meanwhile,the metal ions are segregated by many available pores and channels to achieve the self-desalting effect.The developed evaporator possesses the superiority of multi-stage pore structure,strong hydrophilicity,low thermal conductivity,excellent light absorption,fast water transportation and salt-resistant crystallization as well as good durability.The evaporation rate without an additional device is found to be 1.689 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)under 1-Sun irradiation,and the energy conversion efficiency is as high as 95%.This work creates a platform and develops the prospect of employing green and sustainable natural-diatomite composite evaporator for practical applications of seawater desalination.展开更多
Kerogen types exert a decisive effect on the onset and capacity of hydrocarbon generation of source rocks.Lacustrine source rocks in the Liaohe Western Depression are characterized by thick deposition,high total organ...Kerogen types exert a decisive effect on the onset and capacity of hydrocarbon generation of source rocks.Lacustrine source rocks in the Liaohe Western Depression are characterized by thick deposition,high total organic carbon(TOC)content,various kerogen types,and a wide range of thermal maturity.Consequently,their hydrocarbon generation potential and resource estimation can be misinterpreted.In this study,geochemical tests,numerical analysis,hydrocarbon generation kinetics,and basin modeling were integrated to investigate the differential effects of kerogen types on the hydrocarbon generation potential of lacustrine source rocks.Optimized hydrocarbon generation and expulsion(HGE)models of different kerogen types were established quantitatively upon abundant Rock-Eval/TOC/vitrinite reflectance(R_(o))datasets.Three sets of good-excellent source rocks deposited in the fourth(Es4),third(Es3),and first(Es1)members of Paleogene Shahejie Formation,are predominantly types I-II_(1),II_(1)-II_(2),and II-III,respectively.The activation energy of types I-II_(2)kerogen is concentrated(180-230 kcal/mol),whereas that of type III kerogen is widely distributed(150-280 kcal/mol).The original hydrocarbon generation potentials of types I,II_(1),II_(2),and III kerogens are 790,510,270,and 85 mg/g TOC,respectively.The Ro values of the hydrocarbon generation threshold for type I-III source rocks gradually increase from 0.42%to 0.74%,and Ro values of the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold increase from 0.49%to 0.87%.Types I and II_(1)source rocks are characterized by earlier hydrocarbon generation,more rapid hydrocarbon expulsion,and narrower hydrocarbon generation windows than types II_(2)and III source rocks.The kerogen types also affect the HGE history and resource potential.Three types(conventional,tight,and shale oil/gas)and three levels(realistic,expected,and prospective)of hydrocarbon resources of different members in the Liaohe Western Depression are evaluated.Findings suggest that the Es3 member has considerable conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources.This study can quantitatively characterize the hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks with different kerogen types,and facilitate a quick and accurate assessment of hydrocarbon resources,providing strategies for future oil and gas exploration.展开更多
The supercritical CO_(2) Brayton cycle is considered a promising energy conversion system for Generation IV reactors for its simple layout,compact structure,and high cycle efficiency.Mathematical models of four Brayto...The supercritical CO_(2) Brayton cycle is considered a promising energy conversion system for Generation IV reactors for its simple layout,compact structure,and high cycle efficiency.Mathematical models of four Brayton cycle layouts are developed in this study for different reactors to reduce the cost and increase the thermohydraulic performance of nuclear power generation to promote the commercialization of nuclear energy.Parametric analysis,multi-objective optimizations,and four decision-making methods are applied to obtain each Brayton scheme’s optimal thermohydraulic and economic indexes.Results show that for the same design thermal power scale of reactors,the higher the core’s exit temperature,the better the Brayton cycle’s thermo-economic performance.Among the four-cycle layouts,the recompression cycle(RC)has the best overall performance,followed by the simple recuperation cycle(SR)and the intercooling cycle(IC),and the worst is the reheating cycle(RH).However,RH has the lowest total cost of investment(C_(tot))of$1619.85 million,and IC has the lowest levelized cost of energy(LCOE)of 0.012$/(kWh).The nuclear Brayton cycle system’s overall performance has been improved due to optimization.The performance of the molten salt reactor combined with the intercooling cycle(MSR-IC)scheme has the greatest improvement,with the net output power(W_(net)),thermal efficiencyη_(t),and exergy efficiency(η_(e))improved by 8.58%,8.58%,and 11.21%,respectively.The performance of the lead-cooled fast reactor combined with the simple recuperation cycle scheme was optimized to increase C_(tot) by 27.78%.In comparison,the internal rate of return(IRR)increased by only 7.8%,which is not friendly to investors with limited funds.For the nuclear Brayton cycle,the molten salt reactor combined with the recompression cycle scheme should receive priority,and the gas-cooled fast reactor combined with the reheating cycle scheme should be considered carefully.展开更多
The corrosion rate is a crucial factor that impacts the longevity of materials in different applications.After undergoing friction stir processing(FSP),the refined grain structure leads to a notable decrease in corros...The corrosion rate is a crucial factor that impacts the longevity of materials in different applications.After undergoing friction stir processing(FSP),the refined grain structure leads to a notable decrease in corrosion rate.However,a better understanding of the correlation between the FSP process parameters and the corrosion rate is still lacking.The current study used machine learning to establish the relationship between the corrosion rate and FSP process parameters(rotational speed,traverse speed,and shoulder diameter)for WE43 alloy.The Taguchi L27 design of experiments was used for the experimental analysis.In addition,synthetic data was generated using particle swarm optimization for virtual sample generation(VSG).The application of VSG has led to an increase in the prediction accuracy of machine learning models.A sensitivity analysis was performed using Shapley Additive Explanations to determine the key factors affecting the corrosion rate.The shoulder diameter had a significant impact in comparison to the traverse speed.A graphical user interface(GUI)has been created to predict the corrosion rate using the identified factors.This study focuses on the WE43 alloy,but its findings can also be used to predict the corrosion rate of other magnesium alloys.展开更多
With the current integration of distributed energy resources into the grid,the structure of distribution networks is becoming more complex.This complexity significantly expands the solution space in the optimization p...With the current integration of distributed energy resources into the grid,the structure of distribution networks is becoming more complex.This complexity significantly expands the solution space in the optimization process for network reconstruction using intelligent algorithms.Consequently,traditional intelligent algorithms frequently encounter insufficient search accuracy and become trapped in local optima.To tackle this issue,a more advanced particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed.To address the varying emphases at different stages of the optimization process,a dynamic strategy is implemented to regulate the social and self-learning factors.The Metropolis criterion is introduced into the simulated annealing algorithm to occasionally accept suboptimal solutions,thereby mitigating premature convergence in the population optimization process.The inertia weight is adjusted using the logistic mapping technique to maintain a balance between the algorithm’s global and local search abilities.The incorporation of the Pareto principle involves the consideration of network losses and voltage deviations as objective functions.A fuzzy membership function is employed for selecting the results.Simulation analysis is carried out on the restructuring of the distribution network,using the IEEE-33 node system and the IEEE-69 node system as examples,in conjunction with the integration of distributed energy resources.The findings demonstrate that,in comparison to other intelligent optimization algorithms,the proposed enhanced algorithm demonstrates a shorter convergence time and effectively reduces active power losses within the network.Furthermore,it enhances the amplitude of node voltages,thereby improving the stability of distribution network operations and power supply quality.Additionally,the algorithm exhibits a high level of generality and applicability.展开更多
Solar-driven interfacial water evaporation(SIWE)offers a superb way to leverage concentrated solar heat to minimize energy dissipation during seawater desalination.It also engenders overlapped temperaturesalinity grad...Solar-driven interfacial water evaporation(SIWE)offers a superb way to leverage concentrated solar heat to minimize energy dissipation during seawater desalination.It also engenders overlapped temperaturesalinity gradient(TSG)between water-air interface and adjacent seawater,affording opportunities of harnessing electricity.However,the efficiency of conventional SIWE technologies is limited by significant challenges,including salt passivation to hinder evaporation and difficulties in exploiting overlapped TSG simultaneously.Herein,we report self-sustaining hybrid SIWE for not only sustainable seawater desalination but also efficient electricity generation from TSG.It enables spontaneous circulation of salt flux upon seawater evaporation,inducing a self-cleaning evaporative interface without salt passivation for stable steam generation.Meanwhile,this design enables spatial separation and simultaneous utilization of overlapped TSG to enhance electricity generation.These benefits render a remarkable efficiency of90.8%in solar energy utilization,manifesting in co-generation of solar steam at a fast rate of 2.01 kg m^(-2)-h^(-1)and electricity power of 1.91 W m^(-2)with high voltage.Directly interfacing the hybrid SIWE with seawater electrolyzer constructs a system for water-electricity-hydrogen co-generation without external electricity supply.It produces hydrogen at a rapid rate of 1.29 L h^(-1)m^(-2)and freshwater with 22 times lower Na+concentration than the World Health Organization(WHO)threshold.展开更多
文摘In the context of power generation companies, vast amounts of specialized data and expert knowledge have been accumulated. However, challenges such as data silos and fragmented knowledge hinder the effective utilization of this information. This study proposes a novel framework for intelligent Question-and-Answer (Q&A) systems based on Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) to address these issues. The system efficiently acquires domain-specific knowledge by leveraging external databases, including Relational Databases (RDBs) and graph databases, without additional fine-tuning for Large Language Models (LLMs). Crucially, the framework integrates a Dynamic Knowledge Base Updating Mechanism (DKBUM) and a Weighted Context-Aware Similarity (WCAS) method to enhance retrieval accuracy and mitigate inherent limitations of LLMs, such as hallucinations and lack of specialization. Additionally, the proposed DKBUM dynamically adjusts knowledge weights within the database, ensuring that the most recent and relevant information is utilized, while WCAS refines the alignment between queries and knowledge items by enhanced context understanding. Experimental validation demonstrates that the system can generate timely, accurate, and context-sensitive responses, making it a robust solution for managing complex business logic in specialized industries.
文摘This article examines the implementation of a virtual health assistant powered by Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) and GPT-4, aimed at enhancing clinical support through personalized, real-time interactions with patients. The system is hypothesized to improve healthcare accessibility, operational efficiency, and patient outcomes by automating routine tasks and delivering accurate health information. The assistant leverages natural language processing and real-time data retrieval models to respond to patient inquiries, schedule appointments, provide medication reminders, assist with symptom triage, and answer insurance-related questions. By integrating RAG-based virtual care, the system reduces the burden on healthcare specialists and helps mitigate healthcare disparities, particularly in rural areas where traditional care is limited. Although the initial scope of testing did not validate all potential benefits, the results demonstrated high patient satisfaction and strong response accuracy, both critical for systems of this nature. These findings underscore the transformative potential of AI-driven virtual health assistants in enhancing patient engagement, streamlining operational workflows, and improving healthcare accessibility, ultimately contributing to better outcomes and more cost-effective care delivery.
基金funding from King Saud University through Researchers Supporting Project number(RSP2024R387),King Saud University,Riyadh,Saudi Arabia.
文摘The emergence of next generation networks(NextG),including 5G and beyond,is reshaping the technological landscape of cellular and mobile networks.These networks are sufficiently scaled to interconnect billions of users and devices.Researchers in academia and industry are focusing on technological advancements to achieve highspeed transmission,cell planning,and latency reduction to facilitate emerging applications such as virtual reality,the metaverse,smart cities,smart health,and autonomous vehicles.NextG continuously improves its network functionality to support these applications.Multiple input multiple output(MIMO)technology offers spectral efficiency,dependability,and overall performance in conjunctionwithNextG.This article proposes a secure channel estimation technique in MIMO topology using a norm-estimation model to provide comprehensive insights into protecting NextG network components against adversarial attacks.The technique aims to create long-lasting and secure NextG networks using this extended approach.The viability of MIMO applications and modern AI-driven methodologies to combat cybersecurity threats are explored in this research.Moreover,the proposed model demonstrates high performance in terms of reliability and accuracy,with a 20%reduction in the MalOut-RealOut-Diff metric compared to existing state-of-the-art techniques.
文摘In this study,the power generation difference between the east-west and the north-south orientation of the vertically installed heterojunction solar cell(HJT)modules was deeply discussed.East-west oriented HJT module has 30%higher power generation,especially in desert photovoltaic(PV)with a bimodal distribution.While the south-north one has a single peak,the same as normal PV modules.Vertical power generation technology of HJT also has less land occupation,which is of great significance for optimizing the design of photovoltaic systems.
基金financially supported by research grants from the Natural Science Foundation of China(52173235,22265010,12204071,62074022)National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB3803300)+2 种基金Youth Talent Support Program of Chongqing(CQYC2021059206)Hainan Province Science and Technology Special Fund(ZDYF2024SHFZ038)Science and Technology Innovation and Improving Project of Army Medical University(No.2021XJS24)。
文摘Solar-driven interface evaporation with high solar-to-steam conversion efficiency has shown great potential in seawater desalination.However,due to the influence of latent heat and condensation efficiency,the water yield from solar-driven interface evaporation remains insufficient,posing a significant challenge that requires resolution.In this work,we designed a dual-mode high-flux seawater desalination device that combines solar-driven interface evaporation and capacitive desalination.By utilizing coupled desalination materials exhibiting both photothermal conversion and capacitance activity,the device demonstrated photothermal evaporation rates of 1.41 and 0.97 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)for condensate water yield under one-sun irradiation.Additionally,the device exhibited a salt adsorption capacity of up to48 mg g^(-1)and a salt adsorption rate of 2.1 mg g^(-1)min-1.In addition,the salt adsorption capacity increased by approximately 32%under one-sun irradiation.Furthermore,photo-enhanced capacitive desalination performance was explored through numerical simulations and theoretical calculations.Theoretical calculations and characterizations confirmed that the defect energy levels formed by the introduction of sulfur vacancies can effectively widen the light absorption range,improve photothermal conversion performance,and stimulate more photoelectrons to participate in capacitive desalination.Concurrently,the electron distribution state of molybdenum disulfide with sulfur vacancies and surface defect sites contributes to ion/electron transport at the solid-liquid interface.This work provides a novel pathway for integrating solar vapor generation with other low-energy desalination technologies.
基金supported by the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea,funded by the Ministry of Education(No.2022R1I1A1A01056406)。
文摘Defective phononic crystals(PnCs)have enabled spatial localization and quantitative amplification of elastic wave energy.Most previous research has focused on applications such as narrow-bandpass filters,ultrasonic sensors,and piezoelectric energy harvesters,typically operating under the assumption of an external elastic wave incidence.Recently,a novel approach that uses defective PnCs as ultrasonic actuators to generate amplified waves has emerged.However,the existing studies are limited to the generation of either longitudinal or bending waves,with no research addressing the concurrent generation of both.Hence,this paper proposes a straightforward methodology for the concurrent generation and amplification of both wave types utilizing defect modes at independent defect-band frequencies.Bimorph piezoelectric elements are attached to the defect,with each element connected to independent external voltage sources.By precisely adjusting the magnitude and temporal phase differences between the voltage sources,concurrently amplified wave generation is achieved.The paper highlights the advantages of the proposed analytical model.This model is both computationally time-efficient and accurate,in comparison with the COMSOL simulation results.For instance,in case studies,the analytical model reduces the computational time from one hour to mere seconds,while maintaining acceptable error rates of 1%in peak frequencies.This concurrent wave-generation methodology opens new avenues for applications in rotating machinery fault diagnosis,structural health monitoring,and medical imaging.
基金Project supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.62005129 and 62175116)。
文摘We experimentally analyze the effect of the optical power on the time delay signature identification and the random bit generation in chaotic semiconductor laser with optical feedback.Due to the inevitable noise during the photoelectric detection and analog-digital conversion,the varying of output optical power would change the signal to noise ratio,then impact time delay signature identification and the random bit generation.Our results show that,when the optical power is less than-14 dBm,with the decreasing of the optical power,the actual identified time delay signature degrades and the entropy of the chaotic signal increases.Moreover,the extracted random bit sequence with lower optical power is more easily pass through the randomness testing.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.12174228 and 12274271)。
文摘Two types of bound states in continuum(BICs),symmetry-protected and Brillouin zone folding driven,are identified in hollow Si nanorod arrays.By modulating the direction and distance of the air holes from the center of the nanorods,it is possible to achieve either a single quasi-BIC or three quasi-BICs.The transmission spectra exhibit ultra-narrow lines,and the quasi-BICs demonstrate ultra-high Q factors.Additionally,efficient third-harmonic generation occurs at low pump intensities.The results indicate that the proposed nanostructures of two types of BICs with a flexible modulation hold great potential applications for nonlinear photonic devices.
基金supported by ZTE Industry-University-Institute Cooperation Funds under Grant No.HC-CN-20220722010。
文摘This paper proposes a concurrent neural network model to mitigate non-linear distortion in power amplifiers using a basis function generation approach.The model is designed using polynomial expansion and comprises a feedforward neural network(FNN)and a convolutional neural network(CNN).The proposed model takes the basic elements that form the bases as input,defined by the generalized memory polynomial(GMP)and dynamic deviation reduction(DDR)models.The FNN generates the basis function and its output represents the basis values,while the CNN generates weights for the corresponding bases.Through the concurrent training of FNN and CNN,the hidden layer coefficients are updated,and the complex multiplication of their outputs yields the trained in-phase/quadrature(I/Q)signals.The proposed model was trained and tested using 300 MHz and 400 MHz broadband data in an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM)communication system.The results show that the model achieves an adjacent channel power ratio(ACPR)of less than-48 d B within a 100 MHz integral bandwidth for both the training and test datasets.
文摘With the continuous adjustment of the energy structure,photovoltaic(PV)power generation projects are increasing,playing a crucial role in promoting the application of clean energy.However,the current audit of completed final accounts for photovoltaic power generation projects faces many challenges,such as incomplete institutional processes,scattered archive management materials,inadequate digital intelligence systems,and insufficient analysis of final account amounts.Based on this,this article aims to deeply analyze these issues and propose targeted audit suggestions to standardize the construction and audit work of photovoltaic power generation projects and promote the sustainable and healthy development of the photovoltaic power generation business.
基金supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China(NSFC)under Grant No.62371131in part by the National Key R&D Program of China under Grant No.2024YFE0200700in part by the program of Zhishan Young Scholar of Southeast University under Grant No.2242024RCB0030。
文摘Due to the broadcast nature of wireless channels and the development of quantum computers,the confidentiality of wireless communication is seriously threatened.In this paper,we propose an integrated communications and security(ICAS)design to enhance communication security using reconfigurable intelligent surfaces(RIS),in which the physical layer key generation(PLKG)rate and the data transmission rate are jointly considered.Specifically,to deal with the threat of eavesdropping attackers,we focus on studying the simultaneous transmission and key generation(STAG)by configuring the RIS phase shift.Firstly,we derive the key generation rate of the RIS assisted PLKG and formulate the optimization problem.Then,in light of the dynamic wireless environments,the optimization problem is modeled as a finite Markov decision process.We put forward a policy gradient-based proximal policy optimization(PPO)algorithm to optimize the continuous phase shift of the RIS,which improves the convergence stability and explores the security boundary of the RIS phase shift for STAG.The simulation results demonstrate that the proposed algorithm outperforms the benchmark method in convergence stability and system performance.By reasonably allocating the weight factors for the data transmission rate and the key generation rate,“one-time pad”communication can be achieved.The proposed method has about 90%performance improvement for“one-time pad”communication compared with the benchmark methods.
基金supported by the Australian Research Council(Grant No.DP210101292)the International Technology Center Indo-Pacific (ITC IPAC) via Army Research Office (contract FA520923C0023)。
文摘Nonlinear dielectric metasurfaces provide a promising approach to control and manipulate frequency conversion optical processes at the nanoscale,thus facilitating both advances in fundamental research and the development of new practical applications in photonics,lasing,and sensing.Here,we employ symmetry-broken metasurfaces made of centrosymmetric amorphous silicon for resonantly enhanced second-and third-order nonlinear optical response.Exploiting the rich physics of optical quasi-bound states in the continuum and guided mode resonances,we comprehensively study through rigorous numerical calculations the relative contribution of surface and bulk effects to second-harmonic generation(SHG)and the bulk contribution to third-harmonic generation(THG) from the meta-atoms.Next,we experimentally achieve optical resonances with high quality factors,which greatly boosts light-matter interaction,resulting in about 550 times SHG enhancement and nearly 5000-fold increase of THG.A good agreement between theoretical predictions and experimental measurements is observed.To gain deeper insights into the physics of the investigated nonlinear optical processes,we further numerically study the relation between nonlinear emission and the structural asymmetry of the metasurface and reveal that the generated harmonic signals arising from linear sharp resonances are highly dependent on the asymmetry of the meta-atoms.Our work suggests a fruitful strategy to enhance the harmonic generation and effectively control different orders of harmonics in all-dielectric metasurfaces,enabling the development of efficient active photonic nanodevices.
基金funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant/Award Numbers 62075135 and 61975126)the Science and Technology Innovation Commission of Shenzhen(Grant/Award Numbers JCYJ20190808174819083 and JCYJ20190808175201640)Shenzhen Science and Technology Planning Project(ZDSYS 20210623092006020).
文摘Measurement of bloodflow velocity is key to understanding physiology and pathology in vivo.While most measurements are performed at the middle of the blood vessel,little research has been done on characterizing the instantaneous bloodflow velocity distribution.This is mainly due to the lack of measurement technology with high spatial and temporal resolution.Here,we tackle this problem with our recently developed dual-wavelength line-scan third-harmonic generation(THG)imaging technology.Simultaneous acquisition of dual-wavelength THG line-scanning signals enables measurement of bloodflow velocities at two radially symmetric positions in both venules and arterioles in mouse brain in vivo.Our results clearly show that the instantaneous bloodflow velocity is not symmetric under general conditions.
基金the financial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(42172151,42090025,41811530094,and 41625009)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(2021M690204)the National Key Research and Development Program(2019YFA0708504&2023YFF0806200)。
文摘Globally,most organic-rich shales are deposited with volcanic ash layers.Volcanic ash,a source for many sedimentary basins,can affect the sedimentary water environment,alter the primary productivity,and preserve the organic matter(OM)through physical,chemical,and biological reactions.With an increasing number of breakthroughs in shale oil exploration in the Bohai Bay Basin in recent years,less attention has been paid to the crucial role of volcanic impact especially its influence on the OM enrichment and hydrocarbon formation.Here,we studied the petrology,mineralogy,and geochemical characteristics of the organic-rich shale in the upper submember of the fourth member(Es_(4)^(1))and the lower submember of the third member(Es_(3)^(3))of the Shahejie Formation,aiming to better understand the volcanic impact on organic-rich shale formation.Our results show that total organic carbon is higher in the upper shale intervals rich in volcanic ash with enriched light rare earth elements and moderate Eu anomalies.This indicates that volcanism promoted OM formation before or after the eruption.The positive correlation between Eu/Eu*and Post-Archean Australian Shale indicates hydrothermal activity before the volcanic eruption.The plane graph of the hydrocarbon-generating intensity(S1+S2)suggests that the heat released by volcanism promoted hydrocarbon generation.Meanwhile,the nutrients carried by volcanic ash promoted biological blooms during Es_(4)^(1 )and Es_(3)^(3) deposition,yielding a high primary productivity.Biological blooms consume large amounts of oxygen and form anoxic environments conducive to the burial and preservation of OM.Therefore,this study helps to further understand the organic-inorganic interactions caused by typical geological events and provides a guide for the next step of shale oil exploration and development in other lacustrine basins in China.
基金the Qingdao Innovation Leading Talent Program,National Natural Science Foundation of China(21805124)Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2018BEM020).
文摘The application of solar steam generation in seawater desalination is an effective way to solve the shortage of fresh water resources.At present,many kinds of photothermal conversion materials have been developed and used as evaporators in seawater desalination.However,some evaporators need additional thermal insulation or water supply devices to achieve efficient photothermal conversion.In addition,their complex,time consuming and no scalable preparation process,high cost of raw materials and poor salt resistance hinder the practical application of these evaporator.Owing to its distinctive nanoporous structure,diatomite as fossilized single-cells algae diatoms is a promising natural silica-based material for seawater desalination.They are taken from sea and that makes true sense to use them in the sea.Herein,we report the first example of synthesis robust three-dimensional(3D)natural-diatomite composite by assembling polyaniline nanoparticles covered diatomite into the polyvinyl alcohol pre-treated melamine foam frameworks and demonstrate its application as new evaporator for seawater desalination.The porous framework does not only improve the sunlight scattering efficiency,but also offer large network of channels for water transportation.The inherent mechanism behind salt desalination process involves the absorption of water molecules on the surface of the internal silica micro-nano pores,and evaporation under the heat induced by the polyaniline absorbed sunlight.Meanwhile,the metal ions are segregated by many available pores and channels to achieve the self-desalting effect.The developed evaporator possesses the superiority of multi-stage pore structure,strong hydrophilicity,low thermal conductivity,excellent light absorption,fast water transportation and salt-resistant crystallization as well as good durability.The evaporation rate without an additional device is found to be 1.689 kg m^(-2)h^(-1)under 1-Sun irradiation,and the energy conversion efficiency is as high as 95%.This work creates a platform and develops the prospect of employing green and sustainable natural-diatomite composite evaporator for practical applications of seawater desalination.
基金This research is supported by the Joint Fund of the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant number U19B6003-02)the Cooperation Program of PetroChina Liaohe Oilfield Company(grant Number HX20180604)the AAPG Foundation Grants-in-Aid Program(grant number 22269437).This study has benefited considerably from PetroChina Liaohe Oilfield Company for data support.We also thank the editor and the anonymous reviewers for their professional suggestions and comments.
文摘Kerogen types exert a decisive effect on the onset and capacity of hydrocarbon generation of source rocks.Lacustrine source rocks in the Liaohe Western Depression are characterized by thick deposition,high total organic carbon(TOC)content,various kerogen types,and a wide range of thermal maturity.Consequently,their hydrocarbon generation potential and resource estimation can be misinterpreted.In this study,geochemical tests,numerical analysis,hydrocarbon generation kinetics,and basin modeling were integrated to investigate the differential effects of kerogen types on the hydrocarbon generation potential of lacustrine source rocks.Optimized hydrocarbon generation and expulsion(HGE)models of different kerogen types were established quantitatively upon abundant Rock-Eval/TOC/vitrinite reflectance(R_(o))datasets.Three sets of good-excellent source rocks deposited in the fourth(Es4),third(Es3),and first(Es1)members of Paleogene Shahejie Formation,are predominantly types I-II_(1),II_(1)-II_(2),and II-III,respectively.The activation energy of types I-II_(2)kerogen is concentrated(180-230 kcal/mol),whereas that of type III kerogen is widely distributed(150-280 kcal/mol).The original hydrocarbon generation potentials of types I,II_(1),II_(2),and III kerogens are 790,510,270,and 85 mg/g TOC,respectively.The Ro values of the hydrocarbon generation threshold for type I-III source rocks gradually increase from 0.42%to 0.74%,and Ro values of the hydrocarbon expulsion threshold increase from 0.49%to 0.87%.Types I and II_(1)source rocks are characterized by earlier hydrocarbon generation,more rapid hydrocarbon expulsion,and narrower hydrocarbon generation windows than types II_(2)and III source rocks.The kerogen types also affect the HGE history and resource potential.Three types(conventional,tight,and shale oil/gas)and three levels(realistic,expected,and prospective)of hydrocarbon resources of different members in the Liaohe Western Depression are evaluated.Findings suggest that the Es3 member has considerable conventional and unconventional hydrocarbon resources.This study can quantitatively characterize the hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks with different kerogen types,and facilitate a quick and accurate assessment of hydrocarbon resources,providing strategies for future oil and gas exploration.
基金This work was supported of National Natural Science Foundation of China Fund(No.52306033)State Key Laboratory of Engines Fund(No.SKLE-K2022-07)the Jiangxi Provincial Postgraduate Innovation Special Fund(No.YC2022-s513).
文摘The supercritical CO_(2) Brayton cycle is considered a promising energy conversion system for Generation IV reactors for its simple layout,compact structure,and high cycle efficiency.Mathematical models of four Brayton cycle layouts are developed in this study for different reactors to reduce the cost and increase the thermohydraulic performance of nuclear power generation to promote the commercialization of nuclear energy.Parametric analysis,multi-objective optimizations,and four decision-making methods are applied to obtain each Brayton scheme’s optimal thermohydraulic and economic indexes.Results show that for the same design thermal power scale of reactors,the higher the core’s exit temperature,the better the Brayton cycle’s thermo-economic performance.Among the four-cycle layouts,the recompression cycle(RC)has the best overall performance,followed by the simple recuperation cycle(SR)and the intercooling cycle(IC),and the worst is the reheating cycle(RH).However,RH has the lowest total cost of investment(C_(tot))of$1619.85 million,and IC has the lowest levelized cost of energy(LCOE)of 0.012$/(kWh).The nuclear Brayton cycle system’s overall performance has been improved due to optimization.The performance of the molten salt reactor combined with the intercooling cycle(MSR-IC)scheme has the greatest improvement,with the net output power(W_(net)),thermal efficiencyη_(t),and exergy efficiency(η_(e))improved by 8.58%,8.58%,and 11.21%,respectively.The performance of the lead-cooled fast reactor combined with the simple recuperation cycle scheme was optimized to increase C_(tot) by 27.78%.In comparison,the internal rate of return(IRR)increased by only 7.8%,which is not friendly to investors with limited funds.For the nuclear Brayton cycle,the molten salt reactor combined with the recompression cycle scheme should receive priority,and the gas-cooled fast reactor combined with the reheating cycle scheme should be considered carefully.
文摘The corrosion rate is a crucial factor that impacts the longevity of materials in different applications.After undergoing friction stir processing(FSP),the refined grain structure leads to a notable decrease in corrosion rate.However,a better understanding of the correlation between the FSP process parameters and the corrosion rate is still lacking.The current study used machine learning to establish the relationship between the corrosion rate and FSP process parameters(rotational speed,traverse speed,and shoulder diameter)for WE43 alloy.The Taguchi L27 design of experiments was used for the experimental analysis.In addition,synthetic data was generated using particle swarm optimization for virtual sample generation(VSG).The application of VSG has led to an increase in the prediction accuracy of machine learning models.A sensitivity analysis was performed using Shapley Additive Explanations to determine the key factors affecting the corrosion rate.The shoulder diameter had a significant impact in comparison to the traverse speed.A graphical user interface(GUI)has been created to predict the corrosion rate using the identified factors.This study focuses on the WE43 alloy,but its findings can also be used to predict the corrosion rate of other magnesium alloys.
基金This research is supported by the Science and Technology Program of Gansu Province(No.23JRRA880).
文摘With the current integration of distributed energy resources into the grid,the structure of distribution networks is becoming more complex.This complexity significantly expands the solution space in the optimization process for network reconstruction using intelligent algorithms.Consequently,traditional intelligent algorithms frequently encounter insufficient search accuracy and become trapped in local optima.To tackle this issue,a more advanced particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed.To address the varying emphases at different stages of the optimization process,a dynamic strategy is implemented to regulate the social and self-learning factors.The Metropolis criterion is introduced into the simulated annealing algorithm to occasionally accept suboptimal solutions,thereby mitigating premature convergence in the population optimization process.The inertia weight is adjusted using the logistic mapping technique to maintain a balance between the algorithm’s global and local search abilities.The incorporation of the Pareto principle involves the consideration of network losses and voltage deviations as objective functions.A fuzzy membership function is employed for selecting the results.Simulation analysis is carried out on the restructuring of the distribution network,using the IEEE-33 node system and the IEEE-69 node system as examples,in conjunction with the integration of distributed energy resources.The findings demonstrate that,in comparison to other intelligent optimization algorithms,the proposed enhanced algorithm demonstrates a shorter convergence time and effectively reduces active power losses within the network.Furthermore,it enhances the amplitude of node voltages,thereby improving the stability of distribution network operations and power supply quality.Additionally,the algorithm exhibits a high level of generality and applicability.
基金This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFB4101600,2022YFB4101605)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(52372175,51972040)+1 种基金the Innovation and Technology Fund of Dalian(N2023JJ12GX020,2022JJ12GX023)Liaoning Normal University 2022 Outstanding Research Achievements Cultivation Fund(No.22GDL002).The authors also acknowledge the assistance of the DUT Instrumental Analysis Center.
文摘Solar-driven interfacial water evaporation(SIWE)offers a superb way to leverage concentrated solar heat to minimize energy dissipation during seawater desalination.It also engenders overlapped temperaturesalinity gradient(TSG)between water-air interface and adjacent seawater,affording opportunities of harnessing electricity.However,the efficiency of conventional SIWE technologies is limited by significant challenges,including salt passivation to hinder evaporation and difficulties in exploiting overlapped TSG simultaneously.Herein,we report self-sustaining hybrid SIWE for not only sustainable seawater desalination but also efficient electricity generation from TSG.It enables spontaneous circulation of salt flux upon seawater evaporation,inducing a self-cleaning evaporative interface without salt passivation for stable steam generation.Meanwhile,this design enables spatial separation and simultaneous utilization of overlapped TSG to enhance electricity generation.These benefits render a remarkable efficiency of90.8%in solar energy utilization,manifesting in co-generation of solar steam at a fast rate of 2.01 kg m^(-2)-h^(-1)and electricity power of 1.91 W m^(-2)with high voltage.Directly interfacing the hybrid SIWE with seawater electrolyzer constructs a system for water-electricity-hydrogen co-generation without external electricity supply.It produces hydrogen at a rapid rate of 1.29 L h^(-1)m^(-2)and freshwater with 22 times lower Na+concentration than the World Health Organization(WHO)threshold.
