Dominant technology formation is the key for the hightech industry to“cross the chasm”and gain an established foothold in the market(and hence disrupt the regime).Therefore,a stimulus-response model is proposed to i...Dominant technology formation is the key for the hightech industry to“cross the chasm”and gain an established foothold in the market(and hence disrupt the regime).Therefore,a stimulus-response model is proposed to investigate the dominant technology by exploring its formation process and mechanism.Specifically,based on complex adaptive system theory and the basic stimulus-response model,we use a combination of agent-based modeling and system dynamics modeling to capture the interactions between dominant technology and the socio-technical landscape.The results indicate the following:(i)The dynamic interaction is“stimulus-reaction-selection”,which promotes the dominant technology’s formation.(ii)The dominant technology’s formation can be described as a dynamic process in which the adaptation intensity of technology standards increases continuously until it becomes the leading technology under the dual action of internal and external mechanisms.(iii)The dominant technology’s formation in the high-tech industry is influenced by learning ability,the number of adopting users and adaptability.Therein,a“critical scale”of learning ability exists to promote the formation of leading technology:a large number of adopting users can promote the dominant technology’s formation by influencing the adaptive response of technology standards to the socio-technical landscape and the choice of technology standards by the socio-technical landscape.There is a minimum threshold and a maximum threshold for the role of adaptability in the dominant technology’s formation.(iv)The socio-technical landscape can promote the leading technology’s shaping in the high-tech industry,and different elements have different effects.This study promotes research on the formation mechanism of dominant technology in the high-tech industry,presents new perspectives and methods for researchers,and provides essential enlightenment for managers to formulate technology strategies.展开更多
Localized rock failures,like cracks or shear bands,demand specific attention in modeling for solids and structures.This is due to the uncertainty of conventional continuum-based mechanical models when localized inelas...Localized rock failures,like cracks or shear bands,demand specific attention in modeling for solids and structures.This is due to the uncertainty of conventional continuum-based mechanical models when localized inelastic deformation has emerged.In such scenarios,as macroscopic inelastic reactions are primarily influenced by deformation and microstructural alterations within the localized area,internal variables that signify these microstructural changes should be established within this zone.Thus,localized deformation characteristics of rocks are studied here by the preset angle shear experiment.A method based on shear displacement and shear stress differences is proposed to identify the compaction,yielding,and residual points for enhancing the model's effectiveness and minimizing subjective influences.Next,a mechanical model for the localized shear band is depicted as an elasto-plastic model outlining the stress-displacement relation across both sides of the shear band.Incorporating damage theory and an elasto-plastic model,a proposed damage model is introduced to replicate shear stressdisplacement responses and localized damage evolution in intact rocks experiencing shear failure.Subsequently,a novel nonlinear mathematical model based on modified logistic growth theory is proposed for depicting the shear band's damage evolution pattern.Thereafter,an innovative damage model is proposed to effectively encompass diverse rock material behaviors,including elasticity,plasticity,and softening behaviors.Ultimately,the effects of the preset angles,temperature,normal stresses and the residual shear strength are carefully discussed.This discovery enhances rock research in the proposed damage model,particularly regarding shear failure mode.展开更多
Background:As the market demands change,SMEs(small and medium-sized enterprises)have long faced many design issues,including high costs,lengthy cycles,and insufficient innovation.These issues are especially noticeable...Background:As the market demands change,SMEs(small and medium-sized enterprises)have long faced many design issues,including high costs,lengthy cycles,and insufficient innovation.These issues are especially noticeable in the domain of cosmetic packaging design.Objective:To explore innovative product family modeling methods and configuration design processes to improve the efficiency of enterprise cosmetic packaging design and develop the design for mass customization.Methods:To accomplish this objective,the basic-element theory has been introduced and applied to the design and development system of the product family.Results:By examining the mapping relationships between the demand domain,functional domain,technology domain,and structure domain,four interrelated models have been developed,including the demand model,functional model,technology model,and structure model.Together,these models form the mechanism and methodology of product family modeling,specifically for cosmetic packaging design.Through an analysis of a case study on men’s cosmetic packaging design,the feasibility of the proposed product family modeling technology has been demonstrated in terms of customized cosmetic packaging design,and the design efficiency has been enhanced.Conclusion:The product family modeling technology employs a formalized element as a module configuration design language,permeating throughout the entire development cycle of cosmetic packaging design,thus facilitating a structured and modularized configuration design process for the product family system.The application of the basic-element principle in product family modeling technology contributes to the enrichment of the research field surrounding cosmetic packaging product family configuration design,while also providing valuable methods and references for enterprises aiming to elevate the efficiency of cosmetic packaging design for the mass customization product model.展开更多
Toprovide a theoretical basis for optimizing the pervaporation procedure, a mass transfer model for pervaporation for binary mixtures was developed basedon the multi-fields synergy theory. This model used the mechanis...Toprovide a theoretical basis for optimizing the pervaporation procedure, a mass transfer model for pervaporation for binary mixtures was developed basedon the multi-fields synergy theory. This model used the mechanism of sorption-diffusion-desorption and introduced a diffusion coefficient, which was dependent on the feed concentration and temperature. Regarding the strong coupling effect in the mass transfer, the concentration distribution in membrane was predicted using the Flory-Huggins thermodynamic theory. The batch experiments and other experiments with constant composition-were conducted-using a modified chitosan pervaporatioffmembrane to separate tert-butyl alcohol （TBA）-water mixtures. The parameters of the mass transfer model were obtained from the flux of the experiments with a constant composition and the activity coefficients available through phase equilibrium equation, using the Willson equation in the feed side and the Flory-Huggins thermodynamic theory within the membrane The simulation results of the experiments .are in good agreement with the results, of the experiments.展开更多
Understanding and modeling individuals’behaviors during epidemics is crucial for effective epidemic control.However,existing research ignores the impact of users’irrationality on decision-making in the epidemic.Mean...Understanding and modeling individuals’behaviors during epidemics is crucial for effective epidemic control.However,existing research ignores the impact of users’irrationality on decision-making in the epidemic.Meanwhile,existing disease control methods often assume users’full compliance with measures like mandatory isolation,which does not align with the actual situation.To address these issues,this paper proposes a prospect theorybased framework to model users’decision-making process in epidemics and analyzes how irrationality affects individuals’behaviors and epidemic dynamics.According to the analysis results,irrationality tends to prompt conservative behaviors when the infection risk is low but encourages risk-seeking behaviors when the risk is high.Then,this paper proposes a behavior inducement algorithm to guide individuals’behaviors and control the spread of disease.Simulations and real user tests validate our analysis,and simulation results show that the proposed behavior inducement algorithm can effectively guide individuals’behavior.展开更多
Fractional molecular field theory(FMFT)is a phenomenological theory that describes phase transitions in crystals with randomly distributed components,such as the relaxor-ferroelectrics and spin glasses.In order to ver...Fractional molecular field theory(FMFT)is a phenomenological theory that describes phase transitions in crystals with randomly distributed components,such as the relaxor-ferroelectrics and spin glasses.In order to verify the feasibility of this theory,this paper fits it to the Monte Carlo simulations of specific heat and susceptibility versus temperature of two-dimensional(2D)random-site Ising model(2D-RSIM).The results indicate that the FMFT deviates from the 2D-RSIM significantly.The main reason for the deviation is that the 2D-RSIM is a typical system of component random distribution,where the real order parameter is spatially heterogeneous and has no symmetry of space translation,but the basic assumption of FMFT means that the parameter is spatially uniform and has symmetry of space translation.展开更多
Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method(CREAM)is widely used in human reliability analysis(HRA).It defines nine common performance conditions(CPCs),which represent the factors thatmay affect human reliability ...Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method(CREAM)is widely used in human reliability analysis(HRA).It defines nine common performance conditions(CPCs),which represent the factors thatmay affect human reliability and are used to modify the cognitive failure probability(CFP).However,the levels of CPCs are usually determined by domain experts,whichmay be subjective and uncertain.What’smore,the classicCREAMassumes that the CPCs are independent,which is unrealistic.Ignoring the dependence among CPCs will result in repeated calculations of the influence of the CPCs on CFP and lead to unreasonable reliability evaluation.To address the issue of uncertain information modeling and processing,this paper introduces evidence theory to evaluate the CPC levels in specific scenarios.To address the issue of dependence modeling,the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory(DEMATEL)method is used to process the dependence among CPCs and calculate the relative weights of each CPC,thus modifying the multiplier of the CPCs.The detailed process of the proposed method is illustrated in this paper and the CFP estimated by the proposed method is more reasonable.展开更多
Introduction: Studies have shown Emergency Department (ED) crowding contributes to reduced quality of patient care, delays in starting treatments, and increased number of patients leaving without being seen. This anal...Introduction: Studies have shown Emergency Department (ED) crowding contributes to reduced quality of patient care, delays in starting treatments, and increased number of patients leaving without being seen. This analysis shows how to theoretically and optimally align staffing to demand. Methods: The ED value stream was identified and mapped. Patients were stratified into three resource-driven care flow cells based on the severity indices. Time observations were conducted for each of the key care team members and the manual cycle times and service rate were calculated and stratified by severity indices. Using X32 Healthcare’s Online Staffing Optimization (OSO) tool, staffing inefficiencies were identified and an optimal schedule was created for each provider group. Results: Lower Severity Indices (higher acuity patient) led to longer times for providers, nurses, patient care assistants, and clerks. The patient length of stay varied from under one hour to over five hours. The flow of patients varied considerably over the 24 hours’ period but was similar by day of the week. Using flow data, we showed that we needed more nurses, more care team members during peak times of patient flow. Eight hour shifts would allow better flexibility. We showed that the additional salary hours added to the budget would be made up for by increased revenue recognized by decreasing the number of patients who leave without being seen. Conclusion: If implemented, these changes will improve ED flow by using lean tools and principles, ultimately leading to timeliness of care, reduced waits, and improved patient experience.展开更多
In this study, a new method for conversion of solid finite element solution to beam finite element solution is developed based on the meta-modeling theory which constructs a model consistent with continuum mechanics. ...In this study, a new method for conversion of solid finite element solution to beam finite element solution is developed based on the meta-modeling theory which constructs a model consistent with continuum mechanics. The proposed method is rigorous and efficient compared to a typical conversion method which merely computes surface integration of solid element nodal stresses to obtain cross-sectional forces. The meta-modeling theory ensures the rigorousness of proposed method by defining a proper distance between beam element and solid element solutions in a function space of continuum mechanics. Results of numerical verification test that is conducted with a simple cantilever beam are used to find the proper distance function for this conversion. Time history analysis of the main tunnel structure of a real ramp tunnel is considered as a numerical example for the proposed conversion method. It is shown that cross-sectional forces are readily computed for solid element solution of the main tunnel structure when it is converted to a beam element solution using the proposed method. Further, envelopes of resultant forces which are of primary importance for the purpose of design, are developed for a given ground motion at the end.展开更多
BACKGROUND The use of a problem-solving model guided by stimulus-organism-response(SOR)theory for women with postpartum depression after cesarean delivery may inform nursing interventions for women with postpartum dep...BACKGROUND The use of a problem-solving model guided by stimulus-organism-response(SOR)theory for women with postpartum depression after cesarean delivery may inform nursing interventions for women with postpartum depression.AIM To explore the state of mind and coping style of women with depression after cesarean delivery guided by SOR theory.METHODS Eighty postpartum depressed women with cesarean delivery admitted to the hospital between January 2022 and October 2023 were selected and divided into two groups of 40 cases each,according to the random number table method.In the control group,the observation group adopted the problem-solving nursing model under SOR theory.The two groups were consecutively intervened for 12 weeks,and the state of mind,coping styles,and degree of post-partum depression were analyzed at the end of the intervention.RESULTS The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale-24-item scores of the observation group were lower than in the control group after care,and the level of improvement in the state of mind was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The level of coping with illness in the observation group after care(26.48±3.35)was higher than that in the control group(21.73±3.20),and the level of avoidance(12.04±2.68)and submission(8.14±1.15)was lower than that in the control group(15.75±2.69 and 9.95±1.20),with significant differences(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Adopting the problem-solving nursing model using SOR theory for postpartum depressed mothers after cesarean delivery reduced maternal depression,improved their state of mind,and coping level with illness.展开更多
The flexible body modeling theory was demonstrated. An example of modeling a kind of automobile’s front suspension as a multi-flexible system was shown. Finally, it shows that the simulation results of multi-flexible...The flexible body modeling theory was demonstrated. An example of modeling a kind of automobile’s front suspension as a multi-flexible system was shown. Finally, it shows that the simulation results of multi-flexible dynamic model more approach the road test data than those of multi-rigid dynamic model do. Thus, it is fully testified that using multi-flexible body theory to model is necessary and effective.展开更多
Purpose-In order to solve the problem of inaccurate calculation of index weights,subjectivity and uncertainty of index assessment in the risk assessment process,this study aims to propose a scientific and reasonable c...Purpose-In order to solve the problem of inaccurate calculation of index weights,subjectivity and uncertainty of index assessment in the risk assessment process,this study aims to propose a scientific and reasonable centralized traffic control(CTC)system risk assessment method.Design/methodologylapproach-First,system-theoretic process analysis(STPA)is used to conduct risk analysis on the CTC system and constructs risk assessment indexes based on this analysis.Then,to enhance the accuracy of weight calculation,the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process(FAHP),fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(FDEMATEL)and entropy weight method are employed to calculate the subjective weight,relative weight and objective weight of each index.These three types of weights are combined using game theory to obtain the combined weight for each index.To reduce subjectivity and uncertainty in the assessment process,the backward cloud generator method is utilized to obtain the numerical character(NC)of the cloud model for each index.The NCs of the indexes are then weighted to derive the comprehensive cloud for risk assessment of the CTC system.This cloud model is used to obtain the CTC system's comprehensive risk assessment.The model's similarity measurement method gauges the likeness between the comprehensive risk assessment cloud and the risk standard cloud.Finally,this process yields the risk assessment results for the CTC system.Findings-The cloud model can handle the subjectivity and fuzziness in the risk assessment process well.The cloud model-based risk assessment method was applied to the CTC system risk assessment of a railway group and achieved good results.Originality/value-This study provides a cloud model-based method for risk assessment of CTC systems,which accurately calculates the weight of risk indexes and uses cloud models to reduce uncertainty and subjectivity in the assessment,achieving effective risk assessment of CTC systems.It can provide a reference and theoretical basis for risk management of the CTC system.展开更多
Olbers’s paradox, known as the dark night paradox, is an argument in astrophysics that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the assumption of an infinite and eternal static universe. Big-Bang theory was used ...Olbers’s paradox, known as the dark night paradox, is an argument in astrophysics that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the assumption of an infinite and eternal static universe. Big-Bang theory was used to partially explain this paradox, while introducing new problems. Hereby, we propose a better theory, named Sun Matters Theory, to explain this paradox. Moreover, this unique theory supports and extended the Einstein’s static universe model proposed by Albert Einstein in 1917. Further, we proposed our new universe model, “Sun Model of Universe”. Based on the new model and novel theory, we generated innovative field equation by upgrading Einstein’s Field Equation through adding back the cosmological constant, introducing a new variable and modifying the gravitationally-related concepts. According to the Sun Model of Universe, the dark matter and dark energy comprise the so-called “Sun Matters”. The observed phenomenon like the red shift is explained as due to the interaction of ordinary light with Sun Matters leading to its energy and frequency decrease. In Sun Model, our big universe consists of many universes with ordinary matter at the core mixed and surrounded with the Sun Matters. In those universes, the laws of physics may be completely or partially different from that of our ordinary universe with parallel civilizations. The darkness of night can be easily explained as resulting from the interaction of light with the Sun Matters leading to the sharp decrease in the light intensity. Sun Matters also scatter the light from a star, which makes it shining as observed by Hubble. Further, there is a kind of Sun Matters named “Sun Waters”, surrounding every starts. When lights pass by the sun, the Sun Waters deflect the lights to bend the light path. According to the Sun Model, it is the light bent not the space bent that was proposed in the theory of relativities.展开更多
Electric towers of high voltage transmission lines are more exposed to natural lightning phenomena thanks to their high heights. These lines are crossed by powerful current sources to dissipate in the ground, which ca...Electric towers of high voltage transmission lines are more exposed to natural lightning phenomena thanks to their high heights. These lines are crossed by powerful current sources to dissipate in the ground, which can, at one time or another, create disturbances or other phenomena can be generated. This is why we have set ourselves the objective of studying the FDTD modeling of the influence of direct lightning strikes on the power transmitted by a High-Voltage power line. To do this, we have implemented Kirchhoff’s laws to model the power transmitted by a High-Voltage power line in a steady state. Calculating the electromagnetic field generated by lightning requires the lightning current along the channel and its spatiotemporal distribution, the bi-exponential models and that of engineers were chosen and used to reproduce the physical phenomena best. Several works have been published in the literature and various mathematical models are proposed, to study the filamentous nature of power lines which has led to a more flexible modelling, based on the transmission line model, associated with the field theory developed from Maxwell’s equations, which explain the interaction between a lightning wave and a power transmission line. The resolution of the line equations in the lightning shock regime was the subject of the FDTD method to obtain the results in the spatio-temporal domain. Through this research, we are interested in the study of the spatiotemporal distribution of the lightning current wave to model the radiated electromagnetic field and to examine the influence of the overvoltage induced by the atmospheric discharge on the transportable power of a High Voltage AC Transmission line, for good selective protection to illuminate the parasites. 2D simulations based on proposed models were developed as well as the verification of the consistency of the different models, by comparing the fractal dimensions of the results of our program with those of the figures obtained experimentally. The aspects developed in this article could have direct implications in practical applications in the engineering and design of high-voltage transmission systems.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to understand the factors that influence unsafe driving practices by examining published studies that utilized the theory of planned behavior(TPB)to predict driving behavior.To this end,42 stu...The aim of this paper is to understand the factors that influence unsafe driving practices by examining published studies that utilized the theory of planned behavior(TPB)to predict driving behavior.To this end,42 studies published up to the end of 2021 are reviewed to evaluate the predictive utility of TPB by employing a meta-analysis and structural equation model.The results indicate that these studies sought to predict 20 distinct driving behaviors(e.g.,drink-driving,use of cellphone while driving,aggressive driving)using the original TPB constructs and 43 additional variables.The TPB model with the three original constructs is found to account for 32%intentional variance and 34%behavioral variance.Among the 43 variables researchers have examined in TPB studies related to driving behavior,this study identified the six that are commonly used to enhance the TPB model’s predictive power.These variables are past behavior,self-identity,descriptive norm,anticipated regret,risk perception,and moral norm.When past behavior is added to the original TPB model,it increases the explained variance in intention to 52%.When all six factors are added to the original TPB model,the best model has only four variables(perceived risk,self-identity,descriptive norm,and moral norm);and increases the explained variance to 48%.The influence of the TPB constructs on intention is modified by behavior category and traffic category.The findings of this paper validate the application of TPB to predicting driving behavior.It is the first study to do this through the use of meta-analysis and structural equation modeling.展开更多
Objective:To construct a scientific and feasible teaching mode based on 5C caring theory and evaluate it,so as to provide a reference basis for future study about nursing humanistic quality education.Methods:Based on ...Objective:To construct a scientific and feasible teaching mode based on 5C caring theory and evaluate it,so as to provide a reference basis for future study about nursing humanistic quality education.Methods:Based on the 5C caring theory,the teaching design and teaching content were revising and implementing in the intervention group.Before and after the implementation of the course,a questionnaire survey was conducted using the Caring Ability Inventory(CAI).The results of the surveys were collected,and the data were statistically analysis using SPSS.Results:After the implementation of the course,the cognitive dimension,patience dimension,and humanistic caring ability scores of the nursing students in the intervention group improved compared with those before the implementation of the course(P<0.05).There were no significant difference in the control group(P>0.05).Conclusion:The humanistic caring teaching model based on 5C caring theory has a positive effect on improving nursing students'humanistic caring ability.In the future nursing teaching,the modules with the characteristics of humanistic caring ability can be increased,and carry out the educational reform throughout the humanistic caring ability.Actively guiding nursing students to establish the awareness of humanistic caring,so as to lay a solid foundation for high-quality clinical nursing work.展开更多
With increasing attention to complex fluids and soft matter, we have witnessed a fast- growing research in mesoscopic modeling and simulation in the past decades. The development of mesoscopic methods offers many pote...With increasing attention to complex fluids and soft matter, we have witnessed a fast- growing research in mesoscopic modeling and simulation in the past decades. The development of mesoscopic methods offers many potential opportunities as well as challenges in modeling of complex materials for diverse applications. Despite significant progress in the past decade, mesoscopic methods are still under development. New formulation in the models, novel theo- retical interpretations, and innovative numerical algorithms often appear in literature. These mesoscopic methods have been already applied to a large number of problems, including poly- mer and colloidal suspensions, multiphase fluids, biological materials, and blood rheology. New applications of mesoscopic modeling in different areas are still emerging.展开更多
This paper introduces the Advanced Observer Model (AOM), a novel framework that integrates classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and relativity through the observer’s role in constructing reality. Central to the AO...This paper introduces the Advanced Observer Model (AOM), a novel framework that integrates classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and relativity through the observer’s role in constructing reality. Central to the AOM is the Static Configuration/Dynamic Configuration (SC/DC) conjugate, which examines physical systems through the interaction between static spatial configurations and dynamic quantum states. The model introduces a Constant Frame Rate (CFR) to quantize time perception, providing a discrete model for time evolution in quantum systems. By modifying the Schrödinger equation with CFR, the AOM bridges quantum and classical physics, offering a unified interpretation where classical determinism and quantum uncertainty coexist. A key feature of the AOM is its energy scaling model, where energy grows exponentially with spatial dimensionality, following the relationshipE∝(π)n. This dimensional scaling connects the discrete time perception of the observer with both quantum and classical energy distributions, providing insights into the nature of higher-dimensional spaces. Additionally, the AOM posits that spacetime curvature arises from quantum interactions, shaped by the observer’s discrete time perception. The model emphasizes the observer’s consciousness as a co-creator of reality, offering new approaches to understanding the quantum-classical transition. While speculative, the AOM opens new avenues for addressing foundational questions in quantum mechanics, relativity, dimensionality, and the nature of reality.展开更多
Based on the deformation theory of elastic beams, the coupling effect between the coupling displacements of a point on the middle line of beam and large overall motion is presented. The 'coupling matrix library...Based on the deformation theory of elastic beams, the coupling effect between the coupling displacements of a point on the middle line of beam and large overall motion is presented. The 'coupling matrix library' and Jourdain's variation principle and single direction recursive formulation method are used to establish the general coupling dynamical equations of flexible multibody system. Two typical examples show the coupling effect between coupling displacements and large overall motion on the dynamics of flexible multibody system consisting of beams.展开更多
The processes of tsunami evolution during its generation in search for possible amplification mechanisms resulting from unilateral spreading of the sea floor uplift is investigated. We study the nature of the tsunami ...The processes of tsunami evolution during its generation in search for possible amplification mechanisms resulting from unilateral spreading of the sea floor uplift is investigated. We study the nature of the tsunami build up and propagation during and after realistic curvilinear source models represented by a slowly uplift faulting and a spreading slip-fault model. The models are used to study the tsunami amplitude amplification as a function of the spreading velocity and rise time. Tsunami waveforms within the frame of the linearized shallow water theory for constant water depth are analyzed analytically by transform methods (Laplace in time and Fourier in space) for the movable source models. We analyzed the normalized peak amplitude as a function of the propagated uplift length, width and the average depth of the ocean along the propagation path.展开更多
基金supported by the Shanghai Philosophy and Social Science Foundation(2022ECK004)Shanghai Soft Science Research Project(23692123400)。
文摘Dominant technology formation is the key for the hightech industry to“cross the chasm”and gain an established foothold in the market(and hence disrupt the regime).Therefore,a stimulus-response model is proposed to investigate the dominant technology by exploring its formation process and mechanism.Specifically,based on complex adaptive system theory and the basic stimulus-response model,we use a combination of agent-based modeling and system dynamics modeling to capture the interactions between dominant technology and the socio-technical landscape.The results indicate the following:(i)The dynamic interaction is“stimulus-reaction-selection”,which promotes the dominant technology’s formation.(ii)The dominant technology’s formation can be described as a dynamic process in which the adaptation intensity of technology standards increases continuously until it becomes the leading technology under the dual action of internal and external mechanisms.(iii)The dominant technology’s formation in the high-tech industry is influenced by learning ability,the number of adopting users and adaptability.Therein,a“critical scale”of learning ability exists to promote the formation of leading technology:a large number of adopting users can promote the dominant technology’s formation by influencing the adaptive response of technology standards to the socio-technical landscape and the choice of technology standards by the socio-technical landscape.There is a minimum threshold and a maximum threshold for the role of adaptability in the dominant technology’s formation.(iv)The socio-technical landscape can promote the leading technology’s shaping in the high-tech industry,and different elements have different effects.This study promotes research on the formation mechanism of dominant technology in the high-tech industry,presents new perspectives and methods for researchers,and provides essential enlightenment for managers to formulate technology strategies.
基金supported by the China Scholarship Council Program(Grant No.202008320274)it is also supported by Technical University of Munich.
文摘Localized rock failures,like cracks or shear bands,demand specific attention in modeling for solids and structures.This is due to the uncertainty of conventional continuum-based mechanical models when localized inelastic deformation has emerged.In such scenarios,as macroscopic inelastic reactions are primarily influenced by deformation and microstructural alterations within the localized area,internal variables that signify these microstructural changes should be established within this zone.Thus,localized deformation characteristics of rocks are studied here by the preset angle shear experiment.A method based on shear displacement and shear stress differences is proposed to identify the compaction,yielding,and residual points for enhancing the model's effectiveness and minimizing subjective influences.Next,a mechanical model for the localized shear band is depicted as an elasto-plastic model outlining the stress-displacement relation across both sides of the shear band.Incorporating damage theory and an elasto-plastic model,a proposed damage model is introduced to replicate shear stressdisplacement responses and localized damage evolution in intact rocks experiencing shear failure.Subsequently,a novel nonlinear mathematical model based on modified logistic growth theory is proposed for depicting the shear band's damage evolution pattern.Thereafter,an innovative damage model is proposed to effectively encompass diverse rock material behaviors,including elasticity,plasticity,and softening behaviors.Ultimately,the effects of the preset angles,temperature,normal stresses and the residual shear strength are carefully discussed.This discovery enhances rock research in the proposed damage model,particularly regarding shear failure mode.
基金the Guangdong Planning Office of Philosophy and Social Science(Grant No.GD22XYS04).
文摘Background:As the market demands change,SMEs(small and medium-sized enterprises)have long faced many design issues,including high costs,lengthy cycles,and insufficient innovation.These issues are especially noticeable in the domain of cosmetic packaging design.Objective:To explore innovative product family modeling methods and configuration design processes to improve the efficiency of enterprise cosmetic packaging design and develop the design for mass customization.Methods:To accomplish this objective,the basic-element theory has been introduced and applied to the design and development system of the product family.Results:By examining the mapping relationships between the demand domain,functional domain,technology domain,and structure domain,four interrelated models have been developed,including the demand model,functional model,technology model,and structure model.Together,these models form the mechanism and methodology of product family modeling,specifically for cosmetic packaging design.Through an analysis of a case study on men’s cosmetic packaging design,the feasibility of the proposed product family modeling technology has been demonstrated in terms of customized cosmetic packaging design,and the design efficiency has been enhanced.Conclusion:The product family modeling technology employs a formalized element as a module configuration design language,permeating throughout the entire development cycle of cosmetic packaging design,thus facilitating a structured and modularized configuration design process for the product family system.The application of the basic-element principle in product family modeling technology contributes to the enrichment of the research field surrounding cosmetic packaging product family configuration design,while also providing valuable methods and references for enterprises aiming to elevate the efficiency of cosmetic packaging design for the mass customization product model.
基金Supported by the Key Project of National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20436040）, and the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No.20476084, No.20776117）.
文摘Toprovide a theoretical basis for optimizing the pervaporation procedure, a mass transfer model for pervaporation for binary mixtures was developed basedon the multi-fields synergy theory. This model used the mechanism of sorption-diffusion-desorption and introduced a diffusion coefficient, which was dependent on the feed concentration and temperature. Regarding the strong coupling effect in the mass transfer, the concentration distribution in membrane was predicted using the Flory-Huggins thermodynamic theory. The batch experiments and other experiments with constant composition-were conducted-using a modified chitosan pervaporatioffmembrane to separate tert-butyl alcohol （TBA）-water mixtures. The parameters of the mass transfer model were obtained from the flux of the experiments with a constant composition and the activity coefficients available through phase equilibrium equation, using the Willson equation in the feed side and the Flory-Huggins thermodynamic theory within the membrane The simulation results of the experiments .are in good agreement with the results, of the experiments.
文摘Understanding and modeling individuals’behaviors during epidemics is crucial for effective epidemic control.However,existing research ignores the impact of users’irrationality on decision-making in the epidemic.Meanwhile,existing disease control methods often assume users’full compliance with measures like mandatory isolation,which does not align with the actual situation.To address these issues,this paper proposes a prospect theorybased framework to model users’decision-making process in epidemics and analyzes how irrationality affects individuals’behaviors and epidemic dynamics.According to the analysis results,irrationality tends to prompt conservative behaviors when the infection risk is low but encourages risk-seeking behaviors when the risk is high.Then,this paper proposes a behavior inducement algorithm to guide individuals’behaviors and control the spread of disease.Simulations and real user tests validate our analysis,and simulation results show that the proposed behavior inducement algorithm can effectively guide individuals’behavior.
基金Project supported by the Open Project of the Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China(Grant No.2021D04015)the Yili Kazakh Autonomous Prefecture Science and Technology Program Project,China(Grant No.YZ2022B021).
文摘Fractional molecular field theory(FMFT)is a phenomenological theory that describes phase transitions in crystals with randomly distributed components,such as the relaxor-ferroelectrics and spin glasses.In order to verify the feasibility of this theory,this paper fits it to the Monte Carlo simulations of specific heat and susceptibility versus temperature of two-dimensional(2D)random-site Ising model(2D-RSIM).The results indicate that the FMFT deviates from the 2D-RSIM significantly.The main reason for the deviation is that the 2D-RSIM is a typical system of component random distribution,where the real order parameter is spatially heterogeneous and has no symmetry of space translation,but the basic assumption of FMFT means that the parameter is spatially uniform and has symmetry of space translation.
基金Shanghai Rising-Star Program(Grant No.21QA1403400)Shanghai Sailing Program(Grant No.20YF1414800)Shanghai Key Laboratory of Power Station Automation Technology(Grant No.13DZ2273800).
文摘Cognitive Reliability and Error Analysis Method(CREAM)is widely used in human reliability analysis(HRA).It defines nine common performance conditions(CPCs),which represent the factors thatmay affect human reliability and are used to modify the cognitive failure probability(CFP).However,the levels of CPCs are usually determined by domain experts,whichmay be subjective and uncertain.What’smore,the classicCREAMassumes that the CPCs are independent,which is unrealistic.Ignoring the dependence among CPCs will result in repeated calculations of the influence of the CPCs on CFP and lead to unreasonable reliability evaluation.To address the issue of uncertain information modeling and processing,this paper introduces evidence theory to evaluate the CPC levels in specific scenarios.To address the issue of dependence modeling,the Decision-Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory(DEMATEL)method is used to process the dependence among CPCs and calculate the relative weights of each CPC,thus modifying the multiplier of the CPCs.The detailed process of the proposed method is illustrated in this paper and the CFP estimated by the proposed method is more reasonable.
文摘Introduction: Studies have shown Emergency Department (ED) crowding contributes to reduced quality of patient care, delays in starting treatments, and increased number of patients leaving without being seen. This analysis shows how to theoretically and optimally align staffing to demand. Methods: The ED value stream was identified and mapped. Patients were stratified into three resource-driven care flow cells based on the severity indices. Time observations were conducted for each of the key care team members and the manual cycle times and service rate were calculated and stratified by severity indices. Using X32 Healthcare’s Online Staffing Optimization (OSO) tool, staffing inefficiencies were identified and an optimal schedule was created for each provider group. Results: Lower Severity Indices (higher acuity patient) led to longer times for providers, nurses, patient care assistants, and clerks. The patient length of stay varied from under one hour to over five hours. The flow of patients varied considerably over the 24 hours’ period but was similar by day of the week. Using flow data, we showed that we needed more nurses, more care team members during peak times of patient flow. Eight hour shifts would allow better flexibility. We showed that the additional salary hours added to the budget would be made up for by increased revenue recognized by decreasing the number of patients who leave without being seen. Conclusion: If implemented, these changes will improve ED flow by using lean tools and principles, ultimately leading to timeliness of care, reduced waits, and improved patient experience.
文摘In this study, a new method for conversion of solid finite element solution to beam finite element solution is developed based on the meta-modeling theory which constructs a model consistent with continuum mechanics. The proposed method is rigorous and efficient compared to a typical conversion method which merely computes surface integration of solid element nodal stresses to obtain cross-sectional forces. The meta-modeling theory ensures the rigorousness of proposed method by defining a proper distance between beam element and solid element solutions in a function space of continuum mechanics. Results of numerical verification test that is conducted with a simple cantilever beam are used to find the proper distance function for this conversion. Time history analysis of the main tunnel structure of a real ramp tunnel is considered as a numerical example for the proposed conversion method. It is shown that cross-sectional forces are readily computed for solid element solution of the main tunnel structure when it is converted to a beam element solution using the proposed method. Further, envelopes of resultant forces which are of primary importance for the purpose of design, are developed for a given ground motion at the end.
文摘BACKGROUND The use of a problem-solving model guided by stimulus-organism-response(SOR)theory for women with postpartum depression after cesarean delivery may inform nursing interventions for women with postpartum depression.AIM To explore the state of mind and coping style of women with depression after cesarean delivery guided by SOR theory.METHODS Eighty postpartum depressed women with cesarean delivery admitted to the hospital between January 2022 and October 2023 were selected and divided into two groups of 40 cases each,according to the random number table method.In the control group,the observation group adopted the problem-solving nursing model under SOR theory.The two groups were consecutively intervened for 12 weeks,and the state of mind,coping styles,and degree of post-partum depression were analyzed at the end of the intervention.RESULTS The Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale and Hamilton Depression Scale-24-item scores of the observation group were lower than in the control group after care,and the level of improvement in the state of mind was higher than that of the control group(P<0.05).The level of coping with illness in the observation group after care(26.48±3.35)was higher than that in the control group(21.73±3.20),and the level of avoidance(12.04±2.68)and submission(8.14±1.15)was lower than that in the control group(15.75±2.69 and 9.95±1.20),with significant differences(P<0.05).CONCLUSION Adopting the problem-solving nursing model using SOR theory for postpartum depressed mothers after cesarean delivery reduced maternal depression,improved their state of mind,and coping level with illness.
文摘The flexible body modeling theory was demonstrated. An example of modeling a kind of automobile’s front suspension as a multi-flexible system was shown. Finally, it shows that the simulation results of multi-flexible dynamic model more approach the road test data than those of multi-rigid dynamic model do. Thus, it is fully testified that using multi-flexible body theory to model is necessary and effective.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant 62203468Technological Research and Development Program of China State Railway Group Co.,Ltd.under Grant J2023G007+2 种基金Young Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by China Association for Science and Technology(CAST)under Grant 2022QNRC001Youth Talent Program Supported by China Railway SocietyResearch Program of Beijing Hua-Tie Information Technology Corporation Limited under Grant 2023HT02.
文摘Purpose-In order to solve the problem of inaccurate calculation of index weights,subjectivity and uncertainty of index assessment in the risk assessment process,this study aims to propose a scientific and reasonable centralized traffic control(CTC)system risk assessment method.Design/methodologylapproach-First,system-theoretic process analysis(STPA)is used to conduct risk analysis on the CTC system and constructs risk assessment indexes based on this analysis.Then,to enhance the accuracy of weight calculation,the fuzzy analytical hierarchy process(FAHP),fuzzy decision-making trial and evaluation laboratory(FDEMATEL)and entropy weight method are employed to calculate the subjective weight,relative weight and objective weight of each index.These three types of weights are combined using game theory to obtain the combined weight for each index.To reduce subjectivity and uncertainty in the assessment process,the backward cloud generator method is utilized to obtain the numerical character(NC)of the cloud model for each index.The NCs of the indexes are then weighted to derive the comprehensive cloud for risk assessment of the CTC system.This cloud model is used to obtain the CTC system's comprehensive risk assessment.The model's similarity measurement method gauges the likeness between the comprehensive risk assessment cloud and the risk standard cloud.Finally,this process yields the risk assessment results for the CTC system.Findings-The cloud model can handle the subjectivity and fuzziness in the risk assessment process well.The cloud model-based risk assessment method was applied to the CTC system risk assessment of a railway group and achieved good results.Originality/value-This study provides a cloud model-based method for risk assessment of CTC systems,which accurately calculates the weight of risk indexes and uses cloud models to reduce uncertainty and subjectivity in the assessment,achieving effective risk assessment of CTC systems.It can provide a reference and theoretical basis for risk management of the CTC system.
文摘Olbers’s paradox, known as the dark night paradox, is an argument in astrophysics that the darkness of the night sky conflicts with the assumption of an infinite and eternal static universe. Big-Bang theory was used to partially explain this paradox, while introducing new problems. Hereby, we propose a better theory, named Sun Matters Theory, to explain this paradox. Moreover, this unique theory supports and extended the Einstein’s static universe model proposed by Albert Einstein in 1917. Further, we proposed our new universe model, “Sun Model of Universe”. Based on the new model and novel theory, we generated innovative field equation by upgrading Einstein’s Field Equation through adding back the cosmological constant, introducing a new variable and modifying the gravitationally-related concepts. According to the Sun Model of Universe, the dark matter and dark energy comprise the so-called “Sun Matters”. The observed phenomenon like the red shift is explained as due to the interaction of ordinary light with Sun Matters leading to its energy and frequency decrease. In Sun Model, our big universe consists of many universes with ordinary matter at the core mixed and surrounded with the Sun Matters. In those universes, the laws of physics may be completely or partially different from that of our ordinary universe with parallel civilizations. The darkness of night can be easily explained as resulting from the interaction of light with the Sun Matters leading to the sharp decrease in the light intensity. Sun Matters also scatter the light from a star, which makes it shining as observed by Hubble. Further, there is a kind of Sun Matters named “Sun Waters”, surrounding every starts. When lights pass by the sun, the Sun Waters deflect the lights to bend the light path. According to the Sun Model, it is the light bent not the space bent that was proposed in the theory of relativities.
文摘Electric towers of high voltage transmission lines are more exposed to natural lightning phenomena thanks to their high heights. These lines are crossed by powerful current sources to dissipate in the ground, which can, at one time or another, create disturbances or other phenomena can be generated. This is why we have set ourselves the objective of studying the FDTD modeling of the influence of direct lightning strikes on the power transmitted by a High-Voltage power line. To do this, we have implemented Kirchhoff’s laws to model the power transmitted by a High-Voltage power line in a steady state. Calculating the electromagnetic field generated by lightning requires the lightning current along the channel and its spatiotemporal distribution, the bi-exponential models and that of engineers were chosen and used to reproduce the physical phenomena best. Several works have been published in the literature and various mathematical models are proposed, to study the filamentous nature of power lines which has led to a more flexible modelling, based on the transmission line model, associated with the field theory developed from Maxwell’s equations, which explain the interaction between a lightning wave and a power transmission line. The resolution of the line equations in the lightning shock regime was the subject of the FDTD method to obtain the results in the spatio-temporal domain. Through this research, we are interested in the study of the spatiotemporal distribution of the lightning current wave to model the radiated electromagnetic field and to examine the influence of the overvoltage induced by the atmospheric discharge on the transportable power of a High Voltage AC Transmission line, for good selective protection to illuminate the parasites. 2D simulations based on proposed models were developed as well as the verification of the consistency of the different models, by comparing the fractal dimensions of the results of our program with those of the figures obtained experimentally. The aspects developed in this article could have direct implications in practical applications in the engineering and design of high-voltage transmission systems.
文摘The aim of this paper is to understand the factors that influence unsafe driving practices by examining published studies that utilized the theory of planned behavior(TPB)to predict driving behavior.To this end,42 studies published up to the end of 2021 are reviewed to evaluate the predictive utility of TPB by employing a meta-analysis and structural equation model.The results indicate that these studies sought to predict 20 distinct driving behaviors(e.g.,drink-driving,use of cellphone while driving,aggressive driving)using the original TPB constructs and 43 additional variables.The TPB model with the three original constructs is found to account for 32%intentional variance and 34%behavioral variance.Among the 43 variables researchers have examined in TPB studies related to driving behavior,this study identified the six that are commonly used to enhance the TPB model’s predictive power.These variables are past behavior,self-identity,descriptive norm,anticipated regret,risk perception,and moral norm.When past behavior is added to the original TPB model,it increases the explained variance in intention to 52%.When all six factors are added to the original TPB model,the best model has only four variables(perceived risk,self-identity,descriptive norm,and moral norm);and increases the explained variance to 48%.The influence of the TPB constructs on intention is modified by behavior category and traffic category.The findings of this paper validate the application of TPB to predicting driving behavior.It is the first study to do this through the use of meta-analysis and structural equation modeling.
基金supported by the Research Program on Educational Teaching Reform of Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2020JY041)。
文摘Objective:To construct a scientific and feasible teaching mode based on 5C caring theory and evaluate it,so as to provide a reference basis for future study about nursing humanistic quality education.Methods:Based on the 5C caring theory,the teaching design and teaching content were revising and implementing in the intervention group.Before and after the implementation of the course,a questionnaire survey was conducted using the Caring Ability Inventory(CAI).The results of the surveys were collected,and the data were statistically analysis using SPSS.Results:After the implementation of the course,the cognitive dimension,patience dimension,and humanistic caring ability scores of the nursing students in the intervention group improved compared with those before the implementation of the course(P<0.05).There were no significant difference in the control group(P>0.05).Conclusion:The humanistic caring teaching model based on 5C caring theory has a positive effect on improving nursing students'humanistic caring ability.In the future nursing teaching,the modules with the characteristics of humanistic caring ability can be increased,and carry out the educational reform throughout the humanistic caring ability.Actively guiding nursing students to establish the awareness of humanistic caring,so as to lay a solid foundation for high-quality clinical nursing work.
文摘With increasing attention to complex fluids and soft matter, we have witnessed a fast- growing research in mesoscopic modeling and simulation in the past decades. The development of mesoscopic methods offers many potential opportunities as well as challenges in modeling of complex materials for diverse applications. Despite significant progress in the past decade, mesoscopic methods are still under development. New formulation in the models, novel theo- retical interpretations, and innovative numerical algorithms often appear in literature. These mesoscopic methods have been already applied to a large number of problems, including poly- mer and colloidal suspensions, multiphase fluids, biological materials, and blood rheology. New applications of mesoscopic modeling in different areas are still emerging.
文摘This paper introduces the Advanced Observer Model (AOM), a novel framework that integrates classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and relativity through the observer’s role in constructing reality. Central to the AOM is the Static Configuration/Dynamic Configuration (SC/DC) conjugate, which examines physical systems through the interaction between static spatial configurations and dynamic quantum states. The model introduces a Constant Frame Rate (CFR) to quantize time perception, providing a discrete model for time evolution in quantum systems. By modifying the Schrödinger equation with CFR, the AOM bridges quantum and classical physics, offering a unified interpretation where classical determinism and quantum uncertainty coexist. A key feature of the AOM is its energy scaling model, where energy grows exponentially with spatial dimensionality, following the relationshipE∝(π)n. This dimensional scaling connects the discrete time perception of the observer with both quantum and classical energy distributions, providing insights into the nature of higher-dimensional spaces. Additionally, the AOM posits that spacetime curvature arises from quantum interactions, shaped by the observer’s discrete time perception. The model emphasizes the observer’s consciousness as a co-creator of reality, offering new approaches to understanding the quantum-classical transition. While speculative, the AOM opens new avenues for addressing foundational questions in quantum mechanics, relativity, dimensionality, and the nature of reality.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.19832040)
文摘Based on the deformation theory of elastic beams, the coupling effect between the coupling displacements of a point on the middle line of beam and large overall motion is presented. The 'coupling matrix library' and Jourdain's variation principle and single direction recursive formulation method are used to establish the general coupling dynamical equations of flexible multibody system. Two typical examples show the coupling effect between coupling displacements and large overall motion on the dynamics of flexible multibody system consisting of beams.
文摘The processes of tsunami evolution during its generation in search for possible amplification mechanisms resulting from unilateral spreading of the sea floor uplift is investigated. We study the nature of the tsunami build up and propagation during and after realistic curvilinear source models represented by a slowly uplift faulting and a spreading slip-fault model. The models are used to study the tsunami amplitude amplification as a function of the spreading velocity and rise time. Tsunami waveforms within the frame of the linearized shallow water theory for constant water depth are analyzed analytically by transform methods (Laplace in time and Fourier in space) for the movable source models. We analyzed the normalized peak amplitude as a function of the propagated uplift length, width and the average depth of the ocean along the propagation path.
