This paper introduces the Advanced Observer Model (AOM), a novel framework that integrates classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and relativity through the observer’s role in constructing reality. Central to the AO...This paper introduces the Advanced Observer Model (AOM), a novel framework that integrates classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and relativity through the observer’s role in constructing reality. Central to the AOM is the Static Configuration/Dynamic Configuration (SC/DC) conjugate, which examines physical systems through the interaction between static spatial configurations and dynamic quantum states. The model introduces a Constant Frame Rate (CFR) to quantize time perception, providing a discrete model for time evolution in quantum systems. By modifying the Schrödinger equation with CFR, the AOM bridges quantum and classical physics, offering a unified interpretation where classical determinism and quantum uncertainty coexist. A key feature of the AOM is its energy scaling model, where energy grows exponentially with spatial dimensionality, following the relationshipE∝(π)n. This dimensional scaling connects the discrete time perception of the observer with both quantum and classical energy distributions, providing insights into the nature of higher-dimensional spaces. Additionally, the AOM posits that spacetime curvature arises from quantum interactions, shaped by the observer’s discrete time perception. The model emphasizes the observer’s consciousness as a co-creator of reality, offering new approaches to understanding the quantum-classical transition. While speculative, the AOM opens new avenues for addressing foundational questions in quantum mechanics, relativity, dimensionality, and the nature of reality.展开更多
By properly selecting the time-dependent unitary transformation for the linear combination of the number operators, we construct a time-dependent invariant and derive the corresponding auxiliary equations for the dege...By properly selecting the time-dependent unitary transformation for the linear combination of the number operators, we construct a time-dependent invariant and derive the corresponding auxiliary equations for the degenerate and non-degenerate coupled parametric down-conversion system with driving term. By means of this invariant and the Lewis-Riesenfeld quantum invariant theory, we obtain closed formulae of the quantum state and the evolution operator of the system. We show that the time evolution of the quantum system directly leads to production of various generalized one- and two-mode combination squeezed states, and the squeezed effect is independent of the driving term of the Hamiltonian. In some special cases, the current solution can reduce to the results of the previous works.展开更多
The time evolution of the argon electron-beam plasma at intermediate pressure and low electron beam intensily was presented.By applying the amplitude modulation with the frequency of 20 Hz on the stable beam current,t...The time evolution of the argon electron-beam plasma at intermediate pressure and low electron beam intensily was presented.By applying the amplitude modulation with the frequency of 20 Hz on the stable beam current,the plasma evolution was studied.A Faraday cup was used for the measurement of the electron beam current and a single electrostatic probe was used for the measurement of the ion current.Experimental results indicated that the ion current was in phase with the electron beam current in the pressure range from 200 Pa to 3000 Pa and in the beam current range lower than 20 mA,the residual density increased approximately linearly with the maximum density in the log-log plot and the fitting coefficient was irrelative to the pressure.And then three kinds of kinetic models were developed and the simulated results given by the kinetic model,without the consideration of the excited atoms,mostly approached to the experimental results.This indicated that the effect of the excited atoms on the plasma density can be ignored at intermediate pressure and low electron beam current intensity,which can greatly simplify the kinetic model.In the end.the decrease of the plasma density when the beam current was suddenly off was studied based on the simplified model and it was found that the decease characteristic at intermediate pressure was approximate to the one at high pressure at low electron beam intensity,which was in good accordance with the experimental results.展开更多
We explore the time evolution law of a two-mode squeezed light field(pure state)passing through twin diffusion channels,and we find that the final state is a squeezed chaotic light field(mixed state)with entanglement,...We explore the time evolution law of a two-mode squeezed light field(pure state)passing through twin diffusion channels,and we find that the final state is a squeezed chaotic light field(mixed state)with entanglement,which shows that even though the two channels are independent of each other,since the two modes of the initial state are entangled with each other,the final state remains entangled.Nevertheless,although the squeezing(entanglement)between the two modes is weakened after the diffusion,it is not completely removed.We also highlight the law of photon number evolution.In the calculation process used in this paper,we make full use of the summation method within the ordered product of operators and the generating function formula for two-variable Hermite polynomials.展开更多
We find the time evolution law of a negative binomial optical field in a diffusion channel. We reveal that by adjusting the diffusion parameter, the photon number can be controlled. Therefore, the diffusion process ca...We find the time evolution law of a negative binomial optical field in a diffusion channel. We reveal that by adjusting the diffusion parameter, the photon number can be controlled. Therefore, the diffusion process can be considered a quantum controlling scheme through photon addition.展开更多
By analyzing the time evolution of artificial plasma cloud in the high altitude of atmospheric environment, we found that there are two zones, an exponential attenuation zone and a linearly attenuating zone, existing ...By analyzing the time evolution of artificial plasma cloud in the high altitude of atmospheric environment, we found that there are two zones, an exponential attenuation zone and a linearly attenuating zone, existing in the spatial distribution of electron density of the artificial plasma clouds. The plasma generator's particle flux density only contributes to the exponential attenuation zone, and has no effect on the linear attenuation zone The average electron density in the linear attenuation zone is about 10-5 of neutral particle density, and can diffuse over a wider area. The conclusion will supply some valuable references to the research of electromagnetic wave and artificial plasma interaction, the plasma invisibleness research of missile and special aerocraft, and the design of artificial plasma source.展开更多
Optical orbital angular momentum(OAM)mode multiplexing has emerged as a promising technique for boosting communication capacity.However,most existing studies have concentrated on channel(de)-multiplexing,overlooking t...Optical orbital angular momentum(OAM)mode multiplexing has emerged as a promising technique for boosting communication capacity.However,most existing studies have concentrated on channel(de)-multiplexing,overlooking the critical aspect of channel routing.This challenge involves the reallocation of multiplexed OAM modes across both spatial and temporal domains—a vital step for developing versatile communication networks.To address this gap,we introduce a novel approach based on the time evolution of OAM modes,utilizing the orthogonal conversion and diffractive modulation capabilities of unitary transformations.This approach facilitates high-dimensional orthogonal transformations of OAM mode vectors,altering both the propagation direction and the spatial location.Using Fresnel diffraction matrices as unitary operators,it manipulates the spatial locations of light beams during transmission,breaking the propagation invariance and enabling temporal evolution.As a demonstration,we have experimentally implemented the deep routing of four OAM modes within two distinct time sequences.Achieving an average diffraction efficiency above 78.31%,we have successfully deep-routed 4.69 Tbit-s^(-1)quadrature phase-shift keying(QPSK)signals carried by four multiplexed OAM channels,with a bit error rate below 10^(-6).These results underscore the efficacy of our routing strategy and its promising prospects for practical applications.展开更多
In the present paper, we study the finite time domain dynamics of a scalar field interacting with external sources. We expand both the scalar field and the corresponding Hamiltonian in annihilation and creation operat...In the present paper, we study the finite time domain dynamics of a scalar field interacting with external sources. We expand both the scalar field and the corresponding Hamiltonian in annihilation and creation operators and evaluate the relevant path integral. So, we get the Green function within a finite time interval. We apply the solution to the relevant Cauchy problem and further, we study the dynamics of scalar fields coupled with electromagnetic fields via perturbative methods.展开更多
The scalar-free black hole could be unstable against the scalar field perturbation when it is coupled to a Gauss–Bonnet(GB)invariant in a special form.It is known that the tachyonic instability in this scenario is tr...The scalar-free black hole could be unstable against the scalar field perturbation when it is coupled to a Gauss–Bonnet(GB)invariant in a special form.It is known that the tachyonic instability in this scenario is triggered by the sufficiently strong GB coupling.In this paper,we focus on the time domain analysis of massive scalar field perturbation around the Schwarzschild de-Sitter black hole in Einstein-scalar–Gauss–Bonnet gravity.By analyzing the scalar field propagation,we find that the scalar field will finally grow when the GB coupling is large enough.This could lead to the instability of the background black hole.Furthermore,we demonstrate how the mass of the scalar field and the GB coupling strength affect the onset of tachyonic instability.展开更多
The adiabatic theorem describes the time evolution of the pure state and gives an adiabatic approximate solution to the Schrrdinger equation by choosing a single eigenstate of the Hamiltonian as the initial state. In ...The adiabatic theorem describes the time evolution of the pure state and gives an adiabatic approximate solution to the Schrrdinger equation by choosing a single eigenstate of the Hamiltonian as the initial state. In quantum systems, states are divided into pure states （unite vectors） and mixed states （density matrices, i.e., positive operators with trace one）. Accordingly, mixed states have their own corresponding time evolution, which is described by the von Neumann equation. In this paper, we discuss the quantitative conditions for the time evolution of mixed states in terms of the von Neumann equation. First, we introduce the definitions for uniformly slowly evolving and δ-uniformly slowly evolving with respect to mixed states, then we present a necessary and sufficient condition for the Hamiltonian of the system to be uniformly slowly evolving and we obtain some upper bounds for the adiabatic approximate error. Lastly, we illustrate our results in an example.展开更多
The interaction between an atomic beam of two-level atoms and a standing wave light field has been studied by the exact solution of a time-dependent quantum system developed recently. When the initial atomic state is ...The interaction between an atomic beam of two-level atoms and a standing wave light field has been studied by the exact solution of a time-dependent quantum system developed recently. When the initial atomic state is choosen to be ground, we find that with the limit of zero detuning the atoms will oscillate between the upper and the lower levels with a decaying amplitude. The most interesting result obtained in this paper is when the initial atomic state is a particular superposition of the two levels, now the system does not oscillate at any time.展开更多
A new approach for studying the time-evolution law of a chaotic light field in a damping-gaining coexisting process is presented. The new differential equation for determining the parameter of the density operator p（...A new approach for studying the time-evolution law of a chaotic light field in a damping-gaining coexisting process is presented. The new differential equation for determining the parameter of the density operator p（t） is derived and the solution of f for the damping and gaining processes are studied separately. Our approach is direct and the result is concise since it is not necessary for us to know the Kraus operators in advance.展开更多
The system of the Hamiltonian involving a driving part,a single mode part,and a two-mode squeezedone and a two-mode coupled one is discussed using the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theory.The time evolution operatoris ob...The system of the Hamiltonian involving a driving part,a single mode part,and a two-mode squeezedone and a two-mode coupled one is discussed using the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theory.The time evolution operatoris obtained.When the initial state is a coherent state,the quantum fluctuation of the system is calculated,and it isdependent on the squeezed part and the two-mode coupled part,but not dependent on the driving one.展开更多
Following previous study, in the littlest Higgs model （LHM）, the heavy photon is supposed to be a possiL dark matter candidate and its relic abundance of the heavy photon is estimated in terms of the Boltzman- Lee-W...Following previous study, in the littlest Higgs model （LHM）, the heavy photon is supposed to be a possiL dark matter candidate and its relic abundance of the heavy photon is estimated in terms of the Boltzman- Lee-Weinba time-evolution equation. The effect of the T-parity violation is also considered. Our calculations show that when Higmass MH taken to be 300 GeV and do not considering T-parity violation, only two narrow ranges 133 〈 MAH 〈 135 Ge and 167 〈 MAH〈 169 GeV are tolerable with the current astrophysical observation and if 135 〈 MAH 〈 167 GeV there must at least exist another species of heavy particle contributing to the cold dark matter. As long as the T-pari; can be violated, the heavy photon can decay into regular standard model particles and would affect the dark matt abundance in the universe, we discuss the constraint on the T-parity violation parameter based on the present dat Direct detection prospects are also discussed in some detail.展开更多
Based on the general theory of time-dependent quantum transformation, we use the 'time evolutionoperator' method to solve the single-mode time-dependent oscillator.
To describe the complex kinetics of formation and destruction mechanism of nitrogen dioxide（NO2）, there is an increasing demand for real-time and in situ analysis of NO2 in the discharge region. Pulsed cavity ring-d...To describe the complex kinetics of formation and destruction mechanism of nitrogen dioxide（NO2）, there is an increasing demand for real-time and in situ analysis of NO2 in the discharge region. Pulsed cavity ring-down spectroscopy（CRDS） provides an excellent diagnostic approach. In the present paper, CRDS has been applied in situ for time evolution measurement of NO2 concentration which is rarely investigated in gas discharges. In pulsed direct current discharge of NO2/Ar mixture at a pressure of 500 Pa, a peak voltage of -1300 V and a frequency of 30 Hz, for higher initial NO2 concentration（3.05×10^（14）cm^（-3）, 8.88×10^（13）cm^（-3））,the NO2 concentration sharply decreases at the beginning of the discharge afterglow and then becomes almost constant, and the pace of decline increases with pulse duration; however, for lower initial NO2 concentration of 1.69×10^（13）cm^（-3）, the NO2 concentration also decreases at the beginning of the discharge afterglow for 200 ns and 1 μs pulse durations, while it slightly increases and then declines for 2 μs pulse duration. Thus, the removal of low-level NO2 could not be promoted by a higher mean energy input.展开更多
Englacial and subglacial drainage systems of temperate glaciers have a strong influence on glacier dynamics, glacier-induced floods, glacier-weathering processes, and runoff from glacierized drainage basins. Proglacia...Englacial and subglacial drainage systems of temperate glaciers have a strong influence on glacier dynamics, glacier-induced floods, glacier-weathering processes, and runoff from glacierized drainage basins. Proglacial discharge is partly controlled by the geometry of the glacial drainage network and by the process of producing meltwater. The glacial-drainage system of some alpine glaciers has been characterized using a model based on proglacial discharge analysis. In this paper, we apply cross-correlation analysis to hourly hydro-climatic data collected from China＇s Hailuogou Glacier, a typical temperate glacier in Mt. Gongga, to study the seasonal status changes of the englacial and subglacial drainage systems by discharge-temperature （Q-T） time lag analy-sis. During early ablation season （April-May） of 2003, 2004 and 2005, the change of englacial and subglacial drainage system usually leads several outburst flood events, which are also substantiated by observing the leakage of supraglacial pond and cre-vasses pond water during field works in April, 2008. At the end of ablation season （October-December）, the glacial-drainage net-works become less hydro-efficient. Those events are evidenced by hourly hydro-process near the terminus of Hailuogou Glacier, and the analysis of Q-T time lags also can be a good indicator of those changes. However, more detailed observations or experi-ments, e.g. dye-tracing experiment and recording borehole water level variations, are necessary to describe the evolutionary status and processes of englacial and subglacial drainage systems evolution during ablation season.展开更多
Previous studies suggest that there are three different jam phases in the cellular automata automaton model with a slow-to-start rule under open boundaries.In the present paper,the dynamics of each free-flow-jam phase...Previous studies suggest that there are three different jam phases in the cellular automata automaton model with a slow-to-start rule under open boundaries.In the present paper,the dynamics of each free-flow-jam phase transition is studied.By analysing the microscopic behaviour of the traffic flow,we obtain analytical results on the phase transition dynamics.Our results can describe the detailed time evolution of the system during phase transition,while they provide good approximation for the numerical simulation data.These findings can perfectly explain the microscopic mechanism and details of the boundary-triggered phase transition dynamics.展开更多
Under the assumption of weak shear current with varying vorticity in water and weak air pressure the Zakharov theory is extended to include the effects of vorticity and air pressure on the modulation of water waves. T...Under the assumption of weak shear current with varying vorticity in water and weak air pressure the Zakharov theory is extended to include the effects of vorticity and air pressure on the modulation of water waves. This new equation is used to examine the influence of current and wind on the Benjamin-Feir sideband instability and long-time evolution of wavetrain. As strength of the current increases the bandwidth is found broadened, and the maximum growth rate of sidebands decreased. Periodic solution of sidebands in the presence of current is indicated, which means that shear current does not affect the downshift of wave spectrum peak. Energy input by imposing the air pressure leads to the enhancement of the lower sideband, which is in agreement with the finding of Hara and Mei (1991).展开更多
文摘This paper introduces the Advanced Observer Model (AOM), a novel framework that integrates classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, and relativity through the observer’s role in constructing reality. Central to the AOM is the Static Configuration/Dynamic Configuration (SC/DC) conjugate, which examines physical systems through the interaction between static spatial configurations and dynamic quantum states. The model introduces a Constant Frame Rate (CFR) to quantize time perception, providing a discrete model for time evolution in quantum systems. By modifying the Schrödinger equation with CFR, the AOM bridges quantum and classical physics, offering a unified interpretation where classical determinism and quantum uncertainty coexist. A key feature of the AOM is its energy scaling model, where energy grows exponentially with spatial dimensionality, following the relationshipE∝(π)n. This dimensional scaling connects the discrete time perception of the observer with both quantum and classical energy distributions, providing insights into the nature of higher-dimensional spaces. Additionally, the AOM posits that spacetime curvature arises from quantum interactions, shaped by the observer’s discrete time perception. The model emphasizes the observer’s consciousness as a co-creator of reality, offering new approaches to understanding the quantum-classical transition. While speculative, the AOM opens new avenues for addressing foundational questions in quantum mechanics, relativity, dimensionality, and the nature of reality.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.40674076 and 40474064the Hunan Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.07JJ3123the Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department under Grant Nos.06C163,05B023,and 06B004
文摘By properly selecting the time-dependent unitary transformation for the linear combination of the number operators, we construct a time-dependent invariant and derive the corresponding auxiliary equations for the degenerate and non-degenerate coupled parametric down-conversion system with driving term. By means of this invariant and the Lewis-Riesenfeld quantum invariant theory, we obtain closed formulae of the quantum state and the evolution operator of the system. We show that the time evolution of the quantum system directly leads to production of various generalized one- and two-mode combination squeezed states, and the squeezed effect is independent of the driving term of the Hamiltonian. In some special cases, the current solution can reduce to the results of the previous works.
文摘The time evolution of the argon electron-beam plasma at intermediate pressure and low electron beam intensily was presented.By applying the amplitude modulation with the frequency of 20 Hz on the stable beam current,the plasma evolution was studied.A Faraday cup was used for the measurement of the electron beam current and a single electrostatic probe was used for the measurement of the ion current.Experimental results indicated that the ion current was in phase with the electron beam current in the pressure range from 200 Pa to 3000 Pa and in the beam current range lower than 20 mA,the residual density increased approximately linearly with the maximum density in the log-log plot and the fitting coefficient was irrelative to the pressure.And then three kinds of kinetic models were developed and the simulated results given by the kinetic model,without the consideration of the excited atoms,mostly approached to the experimental results.This indicated that the effect of the excited atoms on the plasma density can be ignored at intermediate pressure and low electron beam current intensity,which can greatly simplify the kinetic model.In the end.the decrease of the plasma density when the beam current was suddenly off was studied based on the simplified model and it was found that the decease characteristic at intermediate pressure was approximate to the one at high pressure at low electron beam intensity,which was in good accordance with the experimental results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.11775208)the Foundation for Young Talents in College of Anhui Province,China(Grant No.gxyq2019077)the Natural Science Foundation of the Anhui Higher Education Institutions of China(Grant Nos.KJ2019A0688 and KJ2020A0638)。
文摘We explore the time evolution law of a two-mode squeezed light field(pure state)passing through twin diffusion channels,and we find that the final state is a squeezed chaotic light field(mixed state)with entanglement,which shows that even though the two channels are independent of each other,since the two modes of the initial state are entangled with each other,the final state remains entangled.Nevertheless,although the squeezing(entanglement)between the two modes is weakened after the diffusion,it is not completely removed.We also highlight the law of photon number evolution.In the calculation process used in this paper,we make full use of the summation method within the ordered product of operators and the generating function formula for two-variable Hermite polynomials.
基金Project supported by the National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2012CB922103)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11175113,11274104,and 11404108)the Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province,China(Grant No.2011CDA021)
文摘We find the time evolution law of a negative binomial optical field in a diffusion channel. We reveal that by adjusting the diffusion parameter, the photon number can be controlled. Therefore, the diffusion process can be considered a quantum controlling scheme through photon addition.
基金The project supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China(No.10135020)and 863 National High Technology Program on Inertial Confinement Fusion of China
文摘By analyzing the time evolution of artificial plasma cloud in the high altitude of atmospheric environment, we found that there are two zones, an exponential attenuation zone and a linearly attenuating zone, existing in the spatial distribution of electron density of the artificial plasma clouds. The plasma generator's particle flux density only contributes to the exponential attenuation zone, and has no effect on the linear attenuation zone The average electron density in the linear attenuation zone is about 10-5 of neutral particle density, and can diffuse over a wider area. The conclusion will supply some valuable references to the research of electromagnetic wave and artificial plasma interaction, the plasma invisibleness research of missile and special aerocraft, and the design of artificial plasma source.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(62271322)the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation(2022A1515011003 and 2023A1515030152)the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program(JCYJ20210324095610027 and JCYJ20210324095611030).
文摘Optical orbital angular momentum(OAM)mode multiplexing has emerged as a promising technique for boosting communication capacity.However,most existing studies have concentrated on channel(de)-multiplexing,overlooking the critical aspect of channel routing.This challenge involves the reallocation of multiplexed OAM modes across both spatial and temporal domains—a vital step for developing versatile communication networks.To address this gap,we introduce a novel approach based on the time evolution of OAM modes,utilizing the orthogonal conversion and diffractive modulation capabilities of unitary transformations.This approach facilitates high-dimensional orthogonal transformations of OAM mode vectors,altering both the propagation direction and the spatial location.Using Fresnel diffraction matrices as unitary operators,it manipulates the spatial locations of light beams during transmission,breaking the propagation invariance and enabling temporal evolution.As a demonstration,we have experimentally implemented the deep routing of four OAM modes within two distinct time sequences.Achieving an average diffraction efficiency above 78.31%,we have successfully deep-routed 4.69 Tbit-s^(-1)quadrature phase-shift keying(QPSK)signals carried by four multiplexed OAM channels,with a bit error rate below 10^(-6).These results underscore the efficacy of our routing strategy and its promising prospects for practical applications.
文摘In the present paper, we study the finite time domain dynamics of a scalar field interacting with external sources. We expand both the scalar field and the corresponding Hamiltonian in annihilation and creation operators and evaluate the relevant path integral. So, we get the Green function within a finite time interval. We apply the solution to the relevant Cauchy problem and further, we study the dynamics of scalar fields coupled with electromagnetic fields via perturbative methods.
基金partly supported by Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No.12375054the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant No.BK20211601。
文摘The scalar-free black hole could be unstable against the scalar field perturbation when it is coupled to a Gauss–Bonnet(GB)invariant in a special form.It is known that the tachyonic instability in this scenario is triggered by the sufficiently strong GB coupling.In this paper,we focus on the time domain analysis of massive scalar field perturbation around the Schwarzschild de-Sitter black hole in Einstein-scalar–Gauss–Bonnet gravity.By analyzing the scalar field propagation,we find that the scalar field will finally grow when the GB coupling is large enough.This could lead to the instability of the background black hole.Furthermore,we demonstrate how the mass of the scalar field and the GB coupling strength affect the onset of tachyonic instability.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.11601300,and 11571213)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.GK201703093)
文摘The adiabatic theorem describes the time evolution of the pure state and gives an adiabatic approximate solution to the Schrrdinger equation by choosing a single eigenstate of the Hamiltonian as the initial state. In quantum systems, states are divided into pure states （unite vectors） and mixed states （density matrices, i.e., positive operators with trace one）. Accordingly, mixed states have their own corresponding time evolution, which is described by the von Neumann equation. In this paper, we discuss the quantitative conditions for the time evolution of mixed states in terms of the von Neumann equation. First, we introduce the definitions for uniformly slowly evolving and δ-uniformly slowly evolving with respect to mixed states, then we present a necessary and sufficient condition for the Hamiltonian of the system to be uniformly slowly evolving and we obtain some upper bounds for the adiabatic approximate error. Lastly, we illustrate our results in an example.
基金This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 10075302.
文摘The interaction between an atomic beam of two-level atoms and a standing wave light field has been studied by the exact solution of a time-dependent quantum system developed recently. When the initial atomic state is choosen to be ground, we find that with the limit of zero detuning the atoms will oscillate between the upper and the lower levels with a decaying amplitude. The most interesting result obtained in this paper is when the initial atomic state is a particular superposition of the two levels, now the system does not oscillate at any time.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61141007,11047133,and 11175113)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province of China (Grant Nos. 2010GQS0080 and 2010GQW0027)+1 种基金the Research Foundation of the Education Department of Jiangxi Province of China (Grant No. GJJ11339)the Sponsored Program for Cultivating Youths of Outstanding Ability in Jiangxi Normal University
文摘A new approach for studying the time-evolution law of a chaotic light field in a damping-gaining coexisting process is presented. The new differential equation for determining the parameter of the density operator p（t） is derived and the solution of f for the damping and gaining processes are studied separately. Our approach is direct and the result is concise since it is not necessary for us to know the Kraus operators in advance.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.10405006 and 10547106
文摘The system of the Hamiltonian involving a driving part,a single mode part,and a two-mode squeezedone and a two-mode coupled one is discussed using the Lewis-Riesenfeld invariant theory.The time evolution operatoris obtained.When the initial state is a coherent state,the quantum fluctuation of the system is calculated,and it isdependent on the squeezed part and the two-mode coupled part,but not dependent on the driving one.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Following previous study, in the littlest Higgs model （LHM）, the heavy photon is supposed to be a possiL dark matter candidate and its relic abundance of the heavy photon is estimated in terms of the Boltzman- Lee-Weinba time-evolution equation. The effect of the T-parity violation is also considered. Our calculations show that when Higmass MH taken to be 300 GeV and do not considering T-parity violation, only two narrow ranges 133 〈 MAH 〈 135 Ge and 167 〈 MAH〈 169 GeV are tolerable with the current astrophysical observation and if 135 〈 MAH 〈 167 GeV there must at least exist another species of heavy particle contributing to the cold dark matter. As long as the T-pari; can be violated, the heavy photon can decay into regular standard model particles and would affect the dark matt abundance in the universe, we discuss the constraint on the T-parity violation parameter based on the present dat Direct detection prospects are also discussed in some detail.
文摘Based on the general theory of time-dependent quantum transformation, we use the 'time evolutionoperator' method to solve the single-mode time-dependent oscillator.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11175035,11405022,11475039,11605023)the National Magnetic Confinement Fusion Science Program of China(No.2013GB109005)+2 种基金Chinesisch-Deutsches Forschungsprojekt(No.GZ768)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Nos.DUT14ZD(G)04,DUT15RC(3)072,DUT15TD44,DUT16TD13)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2016M591423)
文摘To describe the complex kinetics of formation and destruction mechanism of nitrogen dioxide（NO2）, there is an increasing demand for real-time and in situ analysis of NO2 in the discharge region. Pulsed cavity ring-down spectroscopy（CRDS） provides an excellent diagnostic approach. In the present paper, CRDS has been applied in situ for time evolution measurement of NO2 concentration which is rarely investigated in gas discharges. In pulsed direct current discharge of NO2/Ar mixture at a pressure of 500 Pa, a peak voltage of -1300 V and a frequency of 30 Hz, for higher initial NO2 concentration（3.05×10^（14）cm^（-3）, 8.88×10^（13）cm^（-3））,the NO2 concentration sharply decreases at the beginning of the discharge afterglow and then becomes almost constant, and the pace of decline increases with pulse duration; however, for lower initial NO2 concentration of 1.69×10^（13）cm^（-3）, the NO2 concentration also decreases at the beginning of the discharge afterglow for 200 ns and 1 μs pulse durations, while it slightly increases and then declines for 2 μs pulse duration. Thus, the removal of low-level NO2 could not be promoted by a higher mean energy input.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40801030 and 40801025)the Major State Basic Research Development Program of China (973 Program) (2007CB411506)+1 种基金the Innovation Project of Chinese Academy Sciences (Kzcx2-yw-301)the National Basic Work Program of Chinese MST (Glacier Inventory of China Ⅱ, Grant No. 2006FY110200)
文摘Englacial and subglacial drainage systems of temperate glaciers have a strong influence on glacier dynamics, glacier-induced floods, glacier-weathering processes, and runoff from glacierized drainage basins. Proglacial discharge is partly controlled by the geometry of the glacial drainage network and by the process of producing meltwater. The glacial-drainage system of some alpine glaciers has been characterized using a model based on proglacial discharge analysis. In this paper, we apply cross-correlation analysis to hourly hydro-climatic data collected from China＇s Hailuogou Glacier, a typical temperate glacier in Mt. Gongga, to study the seasonal status changes of the englacial and subglacial drainage systems by discharge-temperature （Q-T） time lag analy-sis. During early ablation season （April-May） of 2003, 2004 and 2005, the change of englacial and subglacial drainage system usually leads several outburst flood events, which are also substantiated by observing the leakage of supraglacial pond and cre-vasses pond water during field works in April, 2008. At the end of ablation season （October-December）, the glacial-drainage net-works become less hydro-efficient. Those events are evidenced by hourly hydro-process near the terminus of Hailuogou Glacier, and the analysis of Q-T time lags also can be a good indicator of those changes. However, more detailed observations or experi-ments, e.g. dye-tracing experiment and recording borehole water level variations, are necessary to describe the evolutionary status and processes of englacial and subglacial drainage systems evolution during ablation season.
基金Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 70971094 and 50908155)the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University (PCSIRT)
文摘Previous studies suggest that there are three different jam phases in the cellular automata automaton model with a slow-to-start rule under open boundaries.In the present paper,the dynamics of each free-flow-jam phase transition is studied.By analysing the microscopic behaviour of the traffic flow,we obtain analytical results on the phase transition dynamics.Our results can describe the detailed time evolution of the system during phase transition,while they provide good approximation for the numerical simulation data.These findings can perfectly explain the microscopic mechanism and details of the boundary-triggered phase transition dynamics.
基金The project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China
文摘Under the assumption of weak shear current with varying vorticity in water and weak air pressure the Zakharov theory is extended to include the effects of vorticity and air pressure on the modulation of water waves. This new equation is used to examine the influence of current and wind on the Benjamin-Feir sideband instability and long-time evolution of wavetrain. As strength of the current increases the bandwidth is found broadened, and the maximum growth rate of sidebands decreased. Periodic solution of sidebands in the presence of current is indicated, which means that shear current does not affect the downshift of wave spectrum peak. Energy input by imposing the air pressure leads to the enhancement of the lower sideband, which is in agreement with the finding of Hara and Mei (1991).
