During times of war, it is rare to find a government willing and able to require the military to fund and support environmental impact studies. In the 1960s, many United States scientists expressed concerns about the ...During times of war, it is rare to find a government willing and able to require the military to fund and support environmental impact studies. In the 1960s, many United States scientists expressed concerns about the use of herbicides during the Vietnam War. This protest was led by Dr. Arthur Galston and eventually included scientists with the National Academy of Science. By 1970, the Department of Defense (DoD) was ordered to permit the scientists to visit South Vietnam during the war to document these impacts. In all 1500 scientist days were spent in South Vietnam. In addition, the US government and military funded research studies on the impact of herbicides on animals. The goal of military use of herbicides, as chemical weapons, was to defoliate jungle forests and destroy food crops as a strategy to win battles and the war. The primary objective of this research study is to describe how it is possible for a country to fund and carry out scientific studies during the conduct of a war rather than decades later. The environmental impact study findings often lack boots on the ground validation and can be inaccurate or misleading in some situations. The United States (US) and other countries, including Russia and Ukraine, need to learn the historical lessons from the US use of herbicides, containing dioxin TCDD and/or arsenic (As), as chemical weapons during the Vietnam War.展开更多
China and Vietnam have maintained close theatrical exchange.A group of Vietnamese students studied at the Central Academy of Drama and the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts(NACTA)of China in the 1950s and’60s....China and Vietnam have maintained close theatrical exchange.A group of Vietnamese students studied at the Central Academy of Drama and the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts(NACTA)of China in the 1950s and’60s.The past decade has witnessed steadily improving relations between the two countries.Their cultural exchange,especially in theatrical arts,has become increasingly fruitful in three distinct ways.展开更多
The year 2025 marks the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Vietnam and the China-Vietnam People-to-People Exchange Year.Over the last 75 years,China has always regarded Vie...The year 2025 marks the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Vietnam and the China-Vietnam People-to-People Exchange Year.Over the last 75 years,China has always regarded Vietnam as a priority in its neighborhood diplomacy,and Vietnam has regarded its relations with China as the top priority in its independent,all-round,and diversified foreign policy.The two sides have continuously strengthened mutually beneficial cooperation in various fields and elevated their comprehensive strategic partnership to new heights to build a China-Vietnam community with a shared future with strategic significance.展开更多
During the 2nd Indochina War which started in 1959, the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Air America, and the Air Force waged a secret and unconventional air war in Laos from Udorn Air Force base locat...During the 2nd Indochina War which started in 1959, the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Air America, and the Air Force waged a secret and unconventional air war in Laos from Udorn Air Force base located in Thailand and across the Mekong River from Vientiane, Laos. Starting in 1961, four years before the official start of the American-Vietnam War, Agent Blue, the arsenic-based herbicide used to kill rice and other food crops, was used extensively in Laos, Vietnam and to a lesser extent in Cambodia. During the secret 2nd Indochina War and the Vietnam Civil War the public knew little about the use of Agent Blue. After the official start of the American-Vietnam War in 1965, the United States media news reports, about chemical warfare were dominated by the story of Agent Orange and its devastating impacts. The public knew very little about the previous use of Agent Blue in both wars. The first known media pick up of the Agent Blue (arsenic based) and Agent Pink, Agent Green, and Agent Purple (all three contain 2, 4, 5-T and unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD) was in May of 1964. Jim G. Lucas, a Scripps-Howard staff reporter submitted an article that was published as an editorial in Washington Post on May 26, 1964. The next news reference to this chemical weapon was a Letter to the Editor published in the New York Times titled “Agent Blue” in Vietnam by Arthur H. Westing in (1971). The use of herbicides, including Agent Blue in Laos during the 2nd Indochina War, was kept a secret until 1982, when a draft of Buckingham’s study of Operation Ranch Hand was made public. Much about the U.S. war effort in Laos is still classified. In a 2014 issue of the VVA Veteran magazine, Loana Hoylman published an article on “Today’s Blue Arsenic in the Environment”. The first refereed journal article on this topic, “The Fate of Agent Blue, the Arsenic-Based Herbicide, Used in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War” was published in 2020 in the Open Journal of Soil Science by Kenneth R. Olson and Larry Cihacek. In 2021 the Asia Times (print) and VietnamVeteranNews (radio podcast) picked up the Agent Blue story. During the early 2020s, Olson published six additional refereed journal articles on Agent Blue, cacodylic acid, and arsenic. The primary objective is to determine why no major news organization in the United States, including the New York Times and Washington Post, have never investigated Agent Blue use during the 2nd Indochina and Vietnam wars? Why did the use of Agent Blue story, used to destroy Laotian and South Vietnamese civilian food (rice) sources and production sites, received only very limited coverage by US print media news organizations during the last 64 years?展开更多
Agent Blue, a mixture of cacodylic acid (CH<sub>3</sub>) As O<sub>2</sub>H) and sodium cacodylate (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> AsNaO<sub>2</sub>), was a tacti...Agent Blue, a mixture of cacodylic acid (CH<sub>3</sub>) As O<sub>2</sub>H) and sodium cacodylate (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> AsNaO<sub>2</sub>), was a tactical arsenic-based herbicide used during the Vietnam War to destroy grasses and rice crops. Natural and synthetic sources of arsenic can degrade into water-soluble forms and persist in groundwater and potentially contribute to elevating As levels in drinking water. The United States Department of Defense (DOD) and United States Department of Agricultural (USDA) Operation Ranch Hand records for tactical herbicides including Agent Blue sprayed in southern Vietnam during the Vietnam War (1961-1971) are very detailed, rather complete and publicly available. The same is not true for tactical herbicides sprayed by the Republic of Vietnam (RV) during the Khai Quang program which was supported by the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the Mekong Delta. Agent Blue was sprayed by the RV military for three years before the official start of the American-Vietnam War. Few, if any, RV military, US Army, US Navy and CIA spray records exist from 1962 to 1965. Vietnam War veterans, historians and scholars have reported the spraying of 3.2 million liters (468,008 kg As) of Agent Blue on rice paddies and mangrove forests in the Mekong Delta and Central Highlands by the RV military with the support of the US Army, US Navy and CIA. The Institute of Medicine estimated that 3.2 million liters (468,000 kg As) were sprayed during the RV Khai Quang program. This was in addition to the U.S. Air Force’s Operation Ranch Hand spraying of the tactical herbicide Agent Blue primarily by C-123 aircraft. The Operation Ranch Hand missions maintained location and quantities of herbicides sprayed (over 4,712,000 liters (664,392 kg As) from 1961-1971. The RV military and US military (Army and Navy) spray equipment included hand and backpack sprayers, sprayers mounted on Brown Water Navy boats, on Army track vehicles and Army land-based helicopters and helicopters based on the decks of Blue Water Navy ships. Some of these spray missions were a military secret and spray records were classified or if kept were not maintained. Agent Blue containing cacodylic acid had a short half-life and degraded to water-soluble arsenic, which was released into the surface water and/or leached into the groundwater. Once the water-soluble arsenic leached into the Vietnam Mekong Delta groundwater, the arsenic-rich water was pumped back to the surface by tens of thousands of tube wells for urban and agricultural use. The primary objectives of this research are to explore the conditions during the Vietnam War under which 1) the RV military herbicide spray program with the support of the US Navy, CIA and US Army, and 2) the US Air Force spray program during Operation Ranch Hand may have significantly contributed to the natural and anthropic As spikes found in the Mekong Delta today. The environmental impacts of Agent Blue, on the Menominee River at manufacturing sites in the United States, were studied to identify possible As remediation and mitigation strategies. The lessons previously learned at the manufacturing sites in Wisconsin and Michigan, United States can be considered and applied to the Mekong Delta to help mitigate and remediate the arsenic-rich surface water, soil, sediment and groundwater found in the Mekong Delta.展开更多
Three new records from Vietnam,Phlegmariurus guangdongensis Ching,Adiantum longzhouensis A.H.Wang,F.G.Wang&F.W.Xing,and Lepisorus bicolor Ching,are reported.The identification characteristics,information of specim...Three new records from Vietnam,Phlegmariurus guangdongensis Ching,Adiantum longzhouensis A.H.Wang,F.G.Wang&F.W.Xing,and Lepisorus bicolor Ching,are reported.The identification characteristics,information of specimen,and geographical distribution of the species are described.The discovery of new records not only enriches the study of plant diversity in Vietnam,but also provides important information for biodiversity conservation and botanical research in the region.The voucher specimens are kept in the Herbarium of Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences(KUN),Herbarium of Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences(PE)and Herbarium of Guangxi Forestry Research Institute(GXFI).展开更多
Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with long COVID symptoms among children and adolescents who have recovered from COVID-19.Methods:This study applied a cross-sectional approach within...Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with long COVID symptoms among children and adolescents who have recovered from COVID-19.Methods:This study applied a cross-sectional approach within community settings in a southern province of Vietnam.A structured questionnaire featuring socio-demographic information and common long COVID symptoms was employed.Phi correlation coefficients assessed associations among pairs of long COVID symptoms.Additionally,multivariable logistic regression models were performed to investigate the risk factors of long COVID in recovered COVID-19 children and adolescents.Results:Among 422 participants,39.3%reported long COVID symptoms,with a prevalence of 45.2%(SD=0.5)in children and 22.2%(SD=0.4)in adolescents.Common symptoms reported were cough 34.6%(SD=0.5),fatigue 20.6%(SD=0.4),shortness of breath 10.9%(SD=0.3),and lack of appetite 6.6%(SD=0.3).Concerning risk factors of long COVID,a higher risk was observed among demographic groups,including girls(OR 1.25,95%CI 1.15-1.37;P<0.001,reference:boys),children compared to adolescents(OR 1.24,95%CI 1.12-1.37;P<0.001),overweight individuals(OR 1.14,95%CI 1.02-1.27;P=0.018,reference:healthy weight),and participants without any COVID-19 vaccination(OR 1.36,95%CI 1.20-1.54;P<0.001),or have received only one single dose(OR 1.35,95%CI 1.10-1.64;P=0.004)compared to those who have received two doses.Besides,patients with a COVID-19 treatment duration exceeding two weeks also had a higher risk of long COVID(OR 1.32,95%CI 1.09-1.60;P=0.003)than those who recovered less than seven days.Conclusions:The insights from this study provide crucial guidance for predicting the factors associated with the occurrence of long COVID in pediatric patients,contributing to strategic interventions aimed at mitigating the long COVID risks among children and adolescents in Vietnam.展开更多
Objective:To investigate the evolving patterns of antimicrobial resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics in Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infection patients in Vietnam,covering the period from 2005 to...Objective:To investigate the evolving patterns of antimicrobial resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics in Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infection patients in Vietnam,covering the period from 2005 to 2022.Methods:29 Descriptive studies published between 2010 and 2022 in English and Vietnamese were included in the analysis.Data on resistance rates to beta-lactam antibiotics,including cephalosporins and carbapenems,were extracted and analyzed.Weighted pooled resistance rates were calculated using random-effects models.Annual trends in resistance were assessed using linear regression analysis.Results:Among the beta-lactam antibiotics studied,Escherichia coli exhibited varying levels of resistance,with cephalosporins showing higher resistance rates compared to carbapenems.Weighted pooled resistance rates were 66%for cefotaxime,65%for ceftriaxone,54%for ceftazidime,and 56%for cefepime.In contrast,carbapenems demonstrated lower resistance rates,with weighted pooled resistance rates ranging from 3%to 4%for meropenem,ertapenem,and imipenem.Resistance rates were also observed for amoxicillin/clavulanate(35%),ticarcillin/clavulanate(26%),and piperacillin/tazobactam(12%).Significant annual increases in resistance were noted for imipenem(0.56%,P<0.001).Conclusions:This study highlights the critical issue of antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections in Vietnam and emphasizes the importance of prudent antibiotic use and the regular monitoring of resistance patterns.These insights are useful for guiding healthcare professionals in optimizing treatment strategies and for policymakers in formulating evidence-based clinical guidelines to combat antibiotic resistance effectively.展开更多
The analysis of the relationship between oceanographic and environmental factors and fish production and productivity reveals that during the Southwest monsoon season,fish production and productivity are typically hig...The analysis of the relationship between oceanographic and environmental factors and fish production and productivity reveals that during the Southwest monsoon season,fish production and productivity are typically higher and more variable compared to the Northeast monsoon season.These metrics exhibit a relatively strong relationship with oceanographic structural variables,with a multiple correlation coefficient of R0=0.56 during the Southwest monsoon season,which decreases to R0=0.4 in the Northeast monsoon season.Specifically,fish production and productivity show a positive correlation with seawater temperature during the Northeast monsoon season,a negative correlation during the Southwest monsoon season,and a negative correlation with salinity in both seasons.Multivariate regression analysis further highlights a significant relationship between marine resource productivity and various oceanographic and environmental factors.Notably,factors such as Tday(Bottom Water Temperature),H0,PHY(Phytoplankton),and ZOO(Zooplankton)demonstrate high pairwise correlation coefficients with fish production and are positively correlated with each other.Additionally,fishing productivity peaks in areas with low flow speeds(20-40 cm/s)and regions characterized by alternating cyclonic and anticyclonic circulations.展开更多
Hoi An Ancient Town in Vietnam is not only a UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization)World Heritage Site but also a convergence point of traditional and modern cultures.Throughout its hi...Hoi An Ancient Town in Vietnam is not only a UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization)World Heritage Site but also a convergence point of traditional and modern cultures.Throughout its historical transitions,the cultural heritage of Hoi An Ancient Town has been well preserved and developed,and the worship of Mazu,an essential component of Hoi An’s culture,is no exception.As far as is known,Hoi An in central Vietnam houses the most Mazu temples,including the Chung Wah Hall,the Guangzhou Assembly Hall,the Fujian Assembly Hall,the Teochew Assembly Hall,and the Hainan Assembly Hall,among others,with the Fujian Assembly Hall being the most vibrant center of Mazu worship.This study employs field surveys and literature research to explore the Mazu worship practices at the Fujian Assembly Hall in Hoi An,Quang Nam Province,Vietnam.展开更多
On August 20,2024,General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam(CPV)Central Committee and Vietnamese President To Lam concluded his state visit to China.China was the destination for Lam's first overseas vis...On August 20,2024,General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam(CPV)Central Committee and Vietnamese President To Lam concluded his state visit to China.China was the destination for Lam's first overseas visit after taking office as general secretary of the CPV Central Committee,which clearly demonstrates that the heads of both countries attach importance to developing the bilateral relations and that Vietnam regards China as the strategic choice and top priority for its foreign policy.展开更多
Vietnam's textile and garment industry has fulfilled its 44-billion-USD export turnover target in 2024,an increase of over 11%compared to 2023,thanks to efforts in market diversification,technological innovation,a...Vietnam's textile and garment industry has fulfilled its 44-billion-USD export turnover target in 2024,an increase of over 11%compared to 2023,thanks to efforts in market diversification,technological innovation,and effectively capitalising on the shift in orders.展开更多
As the inaugural Vietnam International Trade Fair for Apparel,Textiles and Textile Technologies(VIATT)drew curtains on 1 March 2024,Messe Frankfurt's first inte-grated textile fair in Asia has positioned itself as...As the inaugural Vietnam International Trade Fair for Apparel,Textiles and Textile Technologies(VIATT)drew curtains on 1 March 2024,Messe Frankfurt's first inte-grated textile fair in Asia has positioned itself as an essential platform for the entire textile value chain.Covering three major industry sectors,the three-day fair attracted 17262 visits from 55 countries and regions,connecting with 409 exhibitors from 17 countries and regions.In addition to atracting top-quality suppliers,participants also noted the high calibre of buyers and the dlear potential for growth at future editions.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to screen longan varieties suitable for local production in Vietnam.[Method] The fruit botanical characteristics and quality characteristics of longan varieties introduced into Northern Mountai...[Objective] The aim was to screen longan varieties suitable for local production in Vietnam.[Method] The fruit botanical characteristics and quality characteristics of longan varieties introduced into Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute of Vietnam Academy of Agriculture Sciences were compared and analyzed.[Result] Two varieties with good general qualities including PMP6 and PHS1-1 which were suitable to be cultivated in the local area were selected.In addition,Phu Dong was the available processed germplasm resource.[Conclusion] This research will provide reference for longan production and breeding in Northern Mountainous.展开更多
[Objective] The aim was to screen litchi varieties suitable for local production in Vietnam. [Method] The fruit botanical and quality characteristics of the seven litchi varieties introduced into Northern Mountainous ...[Objective] The aim was to screen litchi varieties suitable for local production in Vietnam. [Method] The fruit botanical and quality characteristics of the seven litchi varieties introduced into Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute of Vietnam Academy of Agriculture Sciences were compared and analyzed. [Result] Three varieties with good general qualities including Lai Phu Ho,Thach Binh and Hung Long which were suitable to be cultivated in the local area were selected. In addition,Phu Dong was the available,early-maturing germplasm resource. [Conclusion] This research will provide reference for litchi production and breeding in northern mountainous area.展开更多
Itamus deuvei, sp. nov. is described from Tan Phu, near Ho Chi Minh City, southern Vietnam, based on seven specimens collected in a lava tube system. It is the second troglophile species of the genus Itamus Schmidt-Go...Itamus deuvei, sp. nov. is described from Tan Phu, near Ho Chi Minh City, southern Vietnam, based on seven specimens collected in a lava tube system. It is the second troglophile species of the genus Itamus Schmidt-Gobel and is easily distinguished from I. cavicola （Moore）, the other troglophile from Papua New Guinea, by its more elongate body, longer antennae, head without a supraorbital setiferous pore, and very shallow and impunctate elytral striae.展开更多
Based on the similarity in geographic and climatic conditions between Guangxi and Vietnam, a new extension model, i.e., variety prescreening test in Nanning-variety screening tests in Vietnam-multi-location test and d...Based on the similarity in geographic and climatic conditions between Guangxi and Vietnam, a new extension model, i.e., variety prescreening test in Nanning-variety screening tests in Vietnam-multi-location test and demonstration in Vietnam-commercial production in Vietnam, was put forward for rapid extension of the hybrid rice varieties from Guangxi, China in Vietnam. Through practice, this model had a very good effect on a group of hybrid rice varieties like Teyou 136 selected for rapid extension in Vietnam. Besides, some suggestions were offered for the extension of Guangxi hybrid rice varieties in Vietnam.展开更多
The little known harpactorine species, Agyrius watanabeorum Ishikawa, 2002, is redescribed based on the material from China and Vietnam. The characters of phallus are reported for the first time. The dorsal ...The little known harpactorine species, Agyrius watanabeorum Ishikawa, 2002, is redescribed based on the material from China and Vietnam. The characters of phallus are reported for the first time. The dorsal habitus, head, male genitalia and other diagnostic morphological features are illustrated. The genus Agyrius St?l, 1863 and A. watanabeorum Ishikawa, 2002 are new records to China and Vietnam. This is the northernmost distributional record of the genus and the species.展开更多
文摘During times of war, it is rare to find a government willing and able to require the military to fund and support environmental impact studies. In the 1960s, many United States scientists expressed concerns about the use of herbicides during the Vietnam War. This protest was led by Dr. Arthur Galston and eventually included scientists with the National Academy of Science. By 1970, the Department of Defense (DoD) was ordered to permit the scientists to visit South Vietnam during the war to document these impacts. In all 1500 scientist days were spent in South Vietnam. In addition, the US government and military funded research studies on the impact of herbicides on animals. The goal of military use of herbicides, as chemical weapons, was to defoliate jungle forests and destroy food crops as a strategy to win battles and the war. The primary objective of this research study is to describe how it is possible for a country to fund and carry out scientific studies during the conduct of a war rather than decades later. The environmental impact study findings often lack boots on the ground validation and can be inaccurate or misleading in some situations. The United States (US) and other countries, including Russia and Ukraine, need to learn the historical lessons from the US use of herbicides, containing dioxin TCDD and/or arsenic (As), as chemical weapons during the Vietnam War.
文摘China and Vietnam have maintained close theatrical exchange.A group of Vietnamese students studied at the Central Academy of Drama and the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts(NACTA)of China in the 1950s and’60s.The past decade has witnessed steadily improving relations between the two countries.Their cultural exchange,especially in theatrical arts,has become increasingly fruitful in three distinct ways.
文摘The year 2025 marks the 75th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Vietnam and the China-Vietnam People-to-People Exchange Year.Over the last 75 years,China has always regarded Vietnam as a priority in its neighborhood diplomacy,and Vietnam has regarded its relations with China as the top priority in its independent,all-round,and diversified foreign policy.The two sides have continuously strengthened mutually beneficial cooperation in various fields and elevated their comprehensive strategic partnership to new heights to build a China-Vietnam community with a shared future with strategic significance.
文摘During the 2nd Indochina War which started in 1959, the United States Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), Air America, and the Air Force waged a secret and unconventional air war in Laos from Udorn Air Force base located in Thailand and across the Mekong River from Vientiane, Laos. Starting in 1961, four years before the official start of the American-Vietnam War, Agent Blue, the arsenic-based herbicide used to kill rice and other food crops, was used extensively in Laos, Vietnam and to a lesser extent in Cambodia. During the secret 2nd Indochina War and the Vietnam Civil War the public knew little about the use of Agent Blue. After the official start of the American-Vietnam War in 1965, the United States media news reports, about chemical warfare were dominated by the story of Agent Orange and its devastating impacts. The public knew very little about the previous use of Agent Blue in both wars. The first known media pick up of the Agent Blue (arsenic based) and Agent Pink, Agent Green, and Agent Purple (all three contain 2, 4, 5-T and unknown amounts of dioxin TCDD) was in May of 1964. Jim G. Lucas, a Scripps-Howard staff reporter submitted an article that was published as an editorial in Washington Post on May 26, 1964. The next news reference to this chemical weapon was a Letter to the Editor published in the New York Times titled “Agent Blue” in Vietnam by Arthur H. Westing in (1971). The use of herbicides, including Agent Blue in Laos during the 2nd Indochina War, was kept a secret until 1982, when a draft of Buckingham’s study of Operation Ranch Hand was made public. Much about the U.S. war effort in Laos is still classified. In a 2014 issue of the VVA Veteran magazine, Loana Hoylman published an article on “Today’s Blue Arsenic in the Environment”. The first refereed journal article on this topic, “The Fate of Agent Blue, the Arsenic-Based Herbicide, Used in South Vietnam during the Vietnam War” was published in 2020 in the Open Journal of Soil Science by Kenneth R. Olson and Larry Cihacek. In 2021 the Asia Times (print) and VietnamVeteranNews (radio podcast) picked up the Agent Blue story. During the early 2020s, Olson published six additional refereed journal articles on Agent Blue, cacodylic acid, and arsenic. The primary objective is to determine why no major news organization in the United States, including the New York Times and Washington Post, have never investigated Agent Blue use during the 2nd Indochina and Vietnam wars? Why did the use of Agent Blue story, used to destroy Laotian and South Vietnamese civilian food (rice) sources and production sites, received only very limited coverage by US print media news organizations during the last 64 years?
文摘Agent Blue, a mixture of cacodylic acid (CH<sub>3</sub>) As O<sub>2</sub>H) and sodium cacodylate (C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub> AsNaO<sub>2</sub>), was a tactical arsenic-based herbicide used during the Vietnam War to destroy grasses and rice crops. Natural and synthetic sources of arsenic can degrade into water-soluble forms and persist in groundwater and potentially contribute to elevating As levels in drinking water. The United States Department of Defense (DOD) and United States Department of Agricultural (USDA) Operation Ranch Hand records for tactical herbicides including Agent Blue sprayed in southern Vietnam during the Vietnam War (1961-1971) are very detailed, rather complete and publicly available. The same is not true for tactical herbicides sprayed by the Republic of Vietnam (RV) during the Khai Quang program which was supported by the U.S. Army, U.S. Navy and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) in the Mekong Delta. Agent Blue was sprayed by the RV military for three years before the official start of the American-Vietnam War. Few, if any, RV military, US Army, US Navy and CIA spray records exist from 1962 to 1965. Vietnam War veterans, historians and scholars have reported the spraying of 3.2 million liters (468,008 kg As) of Agent Blue on rice paddies and mangrove forests in the Mekong Delta and Central Highlands by the RV military with the support of the US Army, US Navy and CIA. The Institute of Medicine estimated that 3.2 million liters (468,000 kg As) were sprayed during the RV Khai Quang program. This was in addition to the U.S. Air Force’s Operation Ranch Hand spraying of the tactical herbicide Agent Blue primarily by C-123 aircraft. The Operation Ranch Hand missions maintained location and quantities of herbicides sprayed (over 4,712,000 liters (664,392 kg As) from 1961-1971. The RV military and US military (Army and Navy) spray equipment included hand and backpack sprayers, sprayers mounted on Brown Water Navy boats, on Army track vehicles and Army land-based helicopters and helicopters based on the decks of Blue Water Navy ships. Some of these spray missions were a military secret and spray records were classified or if kept were not maintained. Agent Blue containing cacodylic acid had a short half-life and degraded to water-soluble arsenic, which was released into the surface water and/or leached into the groundwater. Once the water-soluble arsenic leached into the Vietnam Mekong Delta groundwater, the arsenic-rich water was pumped back to the surface by tens of thousands of tube wells for urban and agricultural use. The primary objectives of this research are to explore the conditions during the Vietnam War under which 1) the RV military herbicide spray program with the support of the US Navy, CIA and US Army, and 2) the US Air Force spray program during Operation Ranch Hand may have significantly contributed to the natural and anthropic As spikes found in the Mekong Delta today. The environmental impacts of Agent Blue, on the Menominee River at manufacturing sites in the United States, were studied to identify possible As remediation and mitigation strategies. The lessons previously learned at the manufacturing sites in Wisconsin and Michigan, United States can be considered and applied to the Mekong Delta to help mitigate and remediate the arsenic-rich surface water, soil, sediment and groundwater found in the Mekong Delta.
文摘Three new records from Vietnam,Phlegmariurus guangdongensis Ching,Adiantum longzhouensis A.H.Wang,F.G.Wang&F.W.Xing,and Lepisorus bicolor Ching,are reported.The identification characteristics,information of specimen,and geographical distribution of the species are described.The discovery of new records not only enriches the study of plant diversity in Vietnam,but also provides important information for biodiversity conservation and botanical research in the region.The voucher specimens are kept in the Herbarium of Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences(KUN),Herbarium of Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences(PE)and Herbarium of Guangxi Forestry Research Institute(GXFI).
文摘Objective:To investigate the prevalence and risk factors associated with long COVID symptoms among children and adolescents who have recovered from COVID-19.Methods:This study applied a cross-sectional approach within community settings in a southern province of Vietnam.A structured questionnaire featuring socio-demographic information and common long COVID symptoms was employed.Phi correlation coefficients assessed associations among pairs of long COVID symptoms.Additionally,multivariable logistic regression models were performed to investigate the risk factors of long COVID in recovered COVID-19 children and adolescents.Results:Among 422 participants,39.3%reported long COVID symptoms,with a prevalence of 45.2%(SD=0.5)in children and 22.2%(SD=0.4)in adolescents.Common symptoms reported were cough 34.6%(SD=0.5),fatigue 20.6%(SD=0.4),shortness of breath 10.9%(SD=0.3),and lack of appetite 6.6%(SD=0.3).Concerning risk factors of long COVID,a higher risk was observed among demographic groups,including girls(OR 1.25,95%CI 1.15-1.37;P<0.001,reference:boys),children compared to adolescents(OR 1.24,95%CI 1.12-1.37;P<0.001),overweight individuals(OR 1.14,95%CI 1.02-1.27;P=0.018,reference:healthy weight),and participants without any COVID-19 vaccination(OR 1.36,95%CI 1.20-1.54;P<0.001),or have received only one single dose(OR 1.35,95%CI 1.10-1.64;P=0.004)compared to those who have received two doses.Besides,patients with a COVID-19 treatment duration exceeding two weeks also had a higher risk of long COVID(OR 1.32,95%CI 1.09-1.60;P=0.003)than those who recovered less than seven days.Conclusions:The insights from this study provide crucial guidance for predicting the factors associated with the occurrence of long COVID in pediatric patients,contributing to strategic interventions aimed at mitigating the long COVID risks among children and adolescents in Vietnam.
文摘Objective:To investigate the evolving patterns of antimicrobial resistance against beta-lactam antibiotics in Escherichia coli isolates from urinary tract infection patients in Vietnam,covering the period from 2005 to 2022.Methods:29 Descriptive studies published between 2010 and 2022 in English and Vietnamese were included in the analysis.Data on resistance rates to beta-lactam antibiotics,including cephalosporins and carbapenems,were extracted and analyzed.Weighted pooled resistance rates were calculated using random-effects models.Annual trends in resistance were assessed using linear regression analysis.Results:Among the beta-lactam antibiotics studied,Escherichia coli exhibited varying levels of resistance,with cephalosporins showing higher resistance rates compared to carbapenems.Weighted pooled resistance rates were 66%for cefotaxime,65%for ceftriaxone,54%for ceftazidime,and 56%for cefepime.In contrast,carbapenems demonstrated lower resistance rates,with weighted pooled resistance rates ranging from 3%to 4%for meropenem,ertapenem,and imipenem.Resistance rates were also observed for amoxicillin/clavulanate(35%),ticarcillin/clavulanate(26%),and piperacillin/tazobactam(12%).Significant annual increases in resistance were noted for imipenem(0.56%,P<0.001).Conclusions:This study highlights the critical issue of antimicrobial resistance in urinary tract infections in Vietnam and emphasizes the importance of prudent antibiotic use and the regular monitoring of resistance patterns.These insights are useful for guiding healthcare professionals in optimizing treatment strategies and for policymakers in formulating evidence-based clinical guidelines to combat antibiotic resistance effectively.
基金funded by the project on marine fishery survey(02/QĐ-TCTS-KHTC dated March 19,2021,by the Director General of the Fisheries Department,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development of Vietnam),the Marine Fisheries Forecast Center,and the Institute of Marine Research,Vietnam.
文摘The analysis of the relationship between oceanographic and environmental factors and fish production and productivity reveals that during the Southwest monsoon season,fish production and productivity are typically higher and more variable compared to the Northeast monsoon season.These metrics exhibit a relatively strong relationship with oceanographic structural variables,with a multiple correlation coefficient of R0=0.56 during the Southwest monsoon season,which decreases to R0=0.4 in the Northeast monsoon season.Specifically,fish production and productivity show a positive correlation with seawater temperature during the Northeast monsoon season,a negative correlation during the Southwest monsoon season,and a negative correlation with salinity in both seasons.Multivariate regression analysis further highlights a significant relationship between marine resource productivity and various oceanographic and environmental factors.Notably,factors such as Tday(Bottom Water Temperature),H0,PHY(Phytoplankton),and ZOO(Zooplankton)demonstrate high pairwise correlation coefficients with fish production and are positively correlated with each other.Additionally,fishing productivity peaks in areas with low flow speeds(20-40 cm/s)and regions characterized by alternating cyclonic and anticyclonic circulations.
基金sponsored by the 2021 Research Project of Hainan Research Center for Applied Foreign Languages(HNWYJD21-05)by the Scientific Research Project of Hainan Higher Education Institutions(Hnky2023-20).
文摘Hoi An Ancient Town in Vietnam is not only a UNESCO(United Nations Educational,Scientific,and Cultural Organization)World Heritage Site but also a convergence point of traditional and modern cultures.Throughout its historical transitions,the cultural heritage of Hoi An Ancient Town has been well preserved and developed,and the worship of Mazu,an essential component of Hoi An’s culture,is no exception.As far as is known,Hoi An in central Vietnam houses the most Mazu temples,including the Chung Wah Hall,the Guangzhou Assembly Hall,the Fujian Assembly Hall,the Teochew Assembly Hall,and the Hainan Assembly Hall,among others,with the Fujian Assembly Hall being the most vibrant center of Mazu worship.This study employs field surveys and literature research to explore the Mazu worship practices at the Fujian Assembly Hall in Hoi An,Quang Nam Province,Vietnam.
文摘On August 20,2024,General Secretary of the Communist Party of Vietnam(CPV)Central Committee and Vietnamese President To Lam concluded his state visit to China.China was the destination for Lam's first overseas visit after taking office as general secretary of the CPV Central Committee,which clearly demonstrates that the heads of both countries attach importance to developing the bilateral relations and that Vietnam regards China as the strategic choice and top priority for its foreign policy.
文摘Vietnam's textile and garment industry has fulfilled its 44-billion-USD export turnover target in 2024,an increase of over 11%compared to 2023,thanks to efforts in market diversification,technological innovation,and effectively capitalising on the shift in orders.
文摘As the inaugural Vietnam International Trade Fair for Apparel,Textiles and Textile Technologies(VIATT)drew curtains on 1 March 2024,Messe Frankfurt's first inte-grated textile fair in Asia has positioned itself as an essential platform for the entire textile value chain.Covering three major industry sectors,the three-day fair attracted 17262 visits from 55 countries and regions,connecting with 409 exhibitors from 17 countries and regions.In addition to atracting top-quality suppliers,participants also noted the high calibre of buyers and the dlear potential for growth at future editions.
基金Supported by Introduction of Overseas Tropic Crops Germplasm Resources(948Program of China)(2010-G2-08)a Program for Construction of Modern Agriculture Industrial Technology System(nycytx-32-17)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to screen longan varieties suitable for local production in Vietnam.[Method] The fruit botanical characteristics and quality characteristics of longan varieties introduced into Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute of Vietnam Academy of Agriculture Sciences were compared and analyzed.[Result] Two varieties with good general qualities including PMP6 and PHS1-1 which were suitable to be cultivated in the local area were selected.In addition,Phu Dong was the available processed germplasm resource.[Conclusion] This research will provide reference for longan production and breeding in Northern Mountainous.
基金Supported by Introduction of Overseas Tropic Crop Germplasm Resources (948 Program of China)(2010-G2-08)a Grant from Modern Agricultural Industry Technology System Construction Program(nycytx-32-17)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim was to screen litchi varieties suitable for local production in Vietnam. [Method] The fruit botanical and quality characteristics of the seven litchi varieties introduced into Northern Mountainous Agriculture and Forestry Science Institute of Vietnam Academy of Agriculture Sciences were compared and analyzed. [Result] Three varieties with good general qualities including Lai Phu Ho,Thach Binh and Hung Long which were suitable to be cultivated in the local area were selected. In addition,Phu Dong was the available,early-maturing germplasm resource. [Conclusion] This research will provide reference for litchi production and breeding in northern mountainous area.
文摘Itamus deuvei, sp. nov. is described from Tan Phu, near Ho Chi Minh City, southern Vietnam, based on seven specimens collected in a lava tube system. It is the second troglophile species of the genus Itamus Schmidt-Gobel and is easily distinguished from I. cavicola （Moore）, the other troglophile from Papua New Guinea, by its more elongate body, longer antennae, head without a supraorbital setiferous pore, and very shallow and impunctate elytral striae.
基金Supported by Guangxi Scientific Problem Tackling Project(GKH 15104003-2-1,GKH14125007-1-1,GKN 15104002-3-4)
文摘Based on the similarity in geographic and climatic conditions between Guangxi and Vietnam, a new extension model, i.e., variety prescreening test in Nanning-variety screening tests in Vietnam-multi-location test and demonstration in Vietnam-commercial production in Vietnam, was put forward for rapid extension of the hybrid rice varieties from Guangxi, China in Vietnam. Through practice, this model had a very good effect on a group of hybrid rice varieties like Teyou 136 selected for rapid extension in Vietnam. Besides, some suggestions were offered for the extension of Guangxi hybrid rice varieties in Vietnam.
基金The Project was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (30370161 30430100)and the Natural Science Foundation of Beijing (6042014).
文摘The little known harpactorine species, Agyrius watanabeorum Ishikawa, 2002, is redescribed based on the material from China and Vietnam. The characters of phallus are reported for the first time. The dorsal habitus, head, male genitalia and other diagnostic morphological features are illustrated. The genus Agyrius St?l, 1863 and A. watanabeorum Ishikawa, 2002 are new records to China and Vietnam. This is the northernmost distributional record of the genus and the species.
