Modern optical communications rely heavily on dense wavelength-division multiplexing(DWDM)technology because of its capability of significantly increasing transmission channels.Here,we demonstrate,for the first time t...Modern optical communications rely heavily on dense wavelength-division multiplexing(DWDM)technology because of its capability of significantly increasing transmission channels.Here,we demonstrate,for the first time to the best of our knowledge,a compact photonic chip for DWDM transmitters on lithiumniobate-on-insulator(LNOI)by introducing the array of 2×2 Fabry–Perot(FP)cavity electro-optic(EO)modulators.A four-channel LNOI photonic chip for DWDM is designed and realized with a channel spacing of 1.6 nm(which is the narrowest one reported until now for LNOI optical transmitters),exhibiting a total excess loss of 1.3 dB and high 3-dB EO bandwidths of>67 GHz for all channels.Specifically,these four 2×2 FP cavities are designed with broadened LNOI photonic waveguides in the cavity sections,and they are placed very closely on the chip so that their resonance wavelengths are aligned precisely with the desired channelspacing of∼1.6 nm.Finally,the generation of 4×80-Gbps on–off keying and 4×100-Gbps PAM4 signals is demonstrated successfully with four channels,and the power consumption is as low as∼5.1 fJ∕bit.The present photonic chip has a compact footprint of about 0.78 mm×0.58 mm,showing great potential to work with more than four channels and to be very useful for future large-capacity optical links.展开更多
A high-performance silicon arrayed-waveguide grating(AWG)with 0.4-nm channel spacing for dense wavelength-division multiplexing systems is designed and realized successfully.The device design involves broadening the a...A high-performance silicon arrayed-waveguide grating(AWG)with 0.4-nm channel spacing for dense wavelength-division multiplexing systems is designed and realized successfully.The device design involves broadening the arrayed waveguides far beyond the single-mode regime,which minimizes random phase errors and propagation loss without requiring any additional fabrication steps.To further enhance performance,Euler bends have been incorporated into the arrayed waveguides to reduce the device’s physical footprint and suppress the excitation of higher modes.In addition,shallowly etched transition regions are introduced at the junctions between the free-propagation regions and the arrayed waveguides to minimize mode mismatch losses.As an example,a 32×32 AWG(de)multiplexer with a compact size of 900μm×2200μm is designed and demonstrated with a narrow channel spacing of 0.4 nm by utilizing 220-nm-thick silicon photonic waveguides.The measured excess loss for the central channel is∼0.65 dB,the channel nonuniformity is around 2.5 dB,while the adjacent-channel crosstalk of the central output port is−21.4 dB.To the best of our knowledge,this AWG(de)multiplexer is the best one among silicon-based implementations currently available,offering both dense channel spacing and a large number of channels.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant Nos.2018YFB2200200 and 2018YFB2200201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(Grant Nos.92150302,62135012,U23B2047,and 62321166651)+2 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant No.LDT23F04012F05)the Zhejiang Provincial Key Research and Development Program(Grant No.2021C01199)the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(Grant No.2021R01001).
文摘Modern optical communications rely heavily on dense wavelength-division multiplexing(DWDM)technology because of its capability of significantly increasing transmission channels.Here,we demonstrate,for the first time to the best of our knowledge,a compact photonic chip for DWDM transmitters on lithiumniobate-on-insulator(LNOI)by introducing the array of 2×2 Fabry–Perot(FP)cavity electro-optic(EO)modulators.A four-channel LNOI photonic chip for DWDM is designed and realized with a channel spacing of 1.6 nm(which is the narrowest one reported until now for LNOI optical transmitters),exhibiting a total excess loss of 1.3 dB and high 3-dB EO bandwidths of>67 GHz for all channels.Specifically,these four 2×2 FP cavities are designed with broadened LNOI photonic waveguides in the cavity sections,and they are placed very closely on the chip so that their resonance wavelengths are aligned precisely with the desired channelspacing of∼1.6 nm.Finally,the generation of 4×80-Gbps on–off keying and 4×100-Gbps PAM4 signals is demonstrated successfully with four channels,and the power consumption is as low as∼5.1 fJ∕bit.The present photonic chip has a compact footprint of about 0.78 mm×0.58 mm,showing great potential to work with more than four channels and to be very useful for future large-capacity optical links.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.U23B2047,62321166651,62205292,and 92150302)the Zhejiang Major Research and Development Program(Grant No.2021C01199)+1 种基金the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation(Grant Nos.LZ18F050001,LD19F050001,LQ21F050006,and LD22F040004)the Leading Innovative and Entrepreneur Team Introduction Program of Zhejiang(Grant No.2021R01001)。
文摘A high-performance silicon arrayed-waveguide grating(AWG)with 0.4-nm channel spacing for dense wavelength-division multiplexing systems is designed and realized successfully.The device design involves broadening the arrayed waveguides far beyond the single-mode regime,which minimizes random phase errors and propagation loss without requiring any additional fabrication steps.To further enhance performance,Euler bends have been incorporated into the arrayed waveguides to reduce the device’s physical footprint and suppress the excitation of higher modes.In addition,shallowly etched transition regions are introduced at the junctions between the free-propagation regions and the arrayed waveguides to minimize mode mismatch losses.As an example,a 32×32 AWG(de)multiplexer with a compact size of 900μm×2200μm is designed and demonstrated with a narrow channel spacing of 0.4 nm by utilizing 220-nm-thick silicon photonic waveguides.The measured excess loss for the central channel is∼0.65 dB,the channel nonuniformity is around 2.5 dB,while the adjacent-channel crosstalk of the central output port is−21.4 dB.To the best of our knowledge,this AWG(de)multiplexer is the best one among silicon-based implementations currently available,offering both dense channel spacing and a large number of channels.
