Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are fundamentally challenged by the instability of the electrode/electrolyte interface,predominantly due to irreversible zinc (Zn) deposition and hydrogen evolution.Particularly,the ...Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are fundamentally challenged by the instability of the electrode/electrolyte interface,predominantly due to irreversible zinc (Zn) deposition and hydrogen evolution.Particularly,the intricate mechanisms behind the electrochemical discrepancies induced by interfacial Zn^(2+)-solvation and deposition behavior demand comprehensive investigation.Organic molecules endowed with special functional groups (such as hydroxyl,carboxyl,etc.) have the potential to significantly optimize the solvation structure of Zn^(2+)and regulate the interfacial electric double layer (EDL).By increasing nucleation overpotential and decreasing interfacial free energy,these functional groups facilitate a lower critical nucleation radius,thereby forming an asymptotic nucleation model to promote uniform Zn deposition.Herein,this study presents a pioneering approach by introducing trace amounts of n-butanol as solvation regulators to engineer the homogenized Zn (H-Zn) anode with a uniform and dense structure.The interfacial reaction and structure evolution are explored by in/ex-situ experimental techniques,indicating that the H-Zn anode exhibits dendrite-free growth,no by-products,and weak hydrogen evolution,in sharp contrast to the bare Zn.Consequently,the H-Zn anode achieves a remarkable Zn utilization rate of approximately 20% and simultaneously sustains a prolonged cycle life exceeding 500 h.Moreover,the H-Zn//NH_(4)V_(4)O^(10)(NVO) full battery showcases exceptional cycle stability,retaining 95.04%capacity retention after 400 cycles at a large current density of 5 A g^(-1).This study enlightens solvation-regulated additives to develop Zn anode with superior utilization efficiency and extended operational lifespan.展开更多
The chloride penetration resistance of cement-based grout materials was improved by nano-silica emulsion.Specimens of mixtures containing different nano-silica particles or emulsions were exposed in sodium chloride so...The chloride penetration resistance of cement-based grout materials was improved by nano-silica emulsion.Specimens of mixtures containing different nano-silica particles or emulsions were exposed in sodium chloride solutions of specific concentrations with different test ages.Hardened properties of the mixes were assessed in terms of weight loss and compressive strength.X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)of mixes were performed to analysis the phase evolution and microstructure.The results demonstrated that the introduction of nano-SiO_(2) emulsion significantly decreased the compressive strength loss and calcium hydroxide(CH)crystal content of hydration production,and then enhanced the resistance of cement-based grouting materials to chloride ion penetration.This improvement derives from the filling and pozzolanic effects of nano-SiO_(2) particles,which were incorporated via an emulsion and attributed to a well dispersion in grouting matrix.展开更多
The poor reversibility of Zn anodes induced by dendrite growth,surface passivation,and corrosion,severely hinders the practical applicability of Zn metal batteries.To address these issues,a plasmaassisted aerogel(PAG)...The poor reversibility of Zn anodes induced by dendrite growth,surface passivation,and corrosion,severely hinders the practical applicability of Zn metal batteries.To address these issues,a plasmaassisted aerogel(PAG)interface engineering was proposed as efficient ion transport modulator that can simultaneously regulate uniform Zn^(2+)flux and desolvation behavior during battery operation.The PAG with ordered mesopores acted as an ion sieve to homogenize Zn deposition and accelerate Zn^(2+)flux,which is favorable for corrosion resistance and dendrite suppression.Importantly,the plasma-assisted aerogel with abundant hydrophilic groups can facilitate the desolvation kinetics of Zn^(2+)due to the multiple hydrogen-bonding interaction with the activated water molecules,thus accelerating the Zn^(2+)migration kinetics.Consequently,the Zn/Zn cell assembled with PAG-modified separator demonstrates stable plating and stripping behavior(over 1400 h at 1 mA cm^(-2))and high Coulombic efficiency(99.8%at1 mA cm^(-2)after 1100 cycles),and the Zn‖MnO_(2)full cell shows excellent long-term cycling stability and maintains a high capacity of 154.9 mA h g^(-1)after 1000 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).This study provides a feasible approach for the large-scale fabrication of aerogel functionalized separators to realize ultra-stable Zn metal batteries.展开更多
This study analyzes fast ion losses in the EHL-2 fusion device,focusing on both beam ions and alpha particles as p-11B fusion reaction products.Using the Monte Carlo orbit-following code TGCO,we evaluate particle conf...This study analyzes fast ion losses in the EHL-2 fusion device,focusing on both beam ions and alpha particles as p-11B fusion reaction products.Using the Monte Carlo orbit-following code TGCO,we evaluate particle confinement under various operational scenarios,including co-injected tangential neutral beam injection at beam energies of 60 keV,80 keV,and 200 keV.Our simulations estimate the heat load driven by lost beam ions and find it to be within acceptable material limits for a plasma current on the order of mega-amperes.Additionally,we simulate the distribution of fusion products and observe a higher particle loss fraction for alpha particles compared to beam ions.However,due to the relatively low fusion power,these lost alpha particles are unlikely to significantly impact the plasma-facing materials.To assess the impact of the magnetic ripple,we compute the ripple field distribution by modelling the toroidal field(TF)coils as current filaments.The results indicate that the ripple field effect on particle confinement is minimal,primarily due to the large distance of over 1 m between the TF coils and the plasma on the low-field side.The analysis based on the test particle model is a foundational step in ensuring the basic safety aspects of the new device,which is essential for developing a robust design,optimizing performance,and maintaining safe operation.展开更多
Low-cost Fe-based disordered rock salt(DRX)Li_(2)FeTiO_(4)is capable of providing high capacity(295 mA h g^(-1))by redox activity of cations(Fe^(2+)/Fe^(4+)and Ti^(3+)/Ti^(4+))and anionic oxygen.However,DRX structures...Low-cost Fe-based disordered rock salt(DRX)Li_(2)FeTiO_(4)is capable of providing high capacity(295 mA h g^(-1))by redox activity of cations(Fe^(2+)/Fe^(4+)and Ti^(3+)/Ti^(4+))and anionic oxygen.However,DRX structures lack transport channels for ions and electrons,resulting in sluggish kinetics,poor electrochemical activity,and cyclability.Herein,graphene conductive carbon network permeated Li_(2)FeTiO_(4)(LFT/C/G)nanofibers are successfully prepared by a facile sol-gel assisted electrospinning method.Ultrafine Li_(2)FeTiO_(4)nanoparticles(2 nm)and one-dimensional(1D)structure provide abu ndant active sites and unobstructed diffu sion channels,accelerating ion diffusion.In addition,introducing graphene reduces the band gap and Li^(+)diffusion barrier and improves the dynamic properties of Li_(2)FeTiO_(4),thus achieving a relatively mild interfacial reaction and reversible redox reaction.As expected,the LFT/C/1.0G cathode delivers a remarkable discharge capacity(238.5 mA h g^(-1)),high energy density(508.8 Wh kg^(-1)),and excellent rate capability(51.2 mA hg^(-1)at 1.0 A g^(-1)).Besides,the LFT/C/1.0G anode also displays a high capacity(514.5 mA h g^(-1)at 500 mA g^(-1))and a remarkable rate capability(243.9 mA h g^(-1)at 8 A g^(-1)).Moreover,the full batteries based on the LFT/C/1.0G symmetric electrode demonstrate a reversible capacity of 117.0 mA h g^(-1)after 100 cycles at 50 mA g^(-1).This study presents useful insights into developing cost-effective DRX cathodes with durable and fast lithium storage.展开更多
Ion beam-induced luminescence(IBIL) experiments were performed to investigate the in situ luminescence of GaN/Al_(2)O_(3) at varying ion energies,which allowed for the measurement of defects at different depths within...Ion beam-induced luminescence(IBIL) experiments were performed to investigate the in situ luminescence of GaN/Al_(2)O_(3) at varying ion energies,which allowed for the measurement of defects at different depths within the material.The energies of H^(+)were set to 500 keV,640 keV and 2 MeV,the Bragg peaks of which correspond to the GaN film,GaN/Al_(2)O_(3) heterojunction and Al_(2)O_(3) substrate,respectively.A photoluminescence measurement at 250 K was also performed for comparison,during which only near band edge(NBE) and yellow band luminescence in the GaN film were observed.The evolution of the luminescence of the NBE and yellow band in the GaN film was discussed,and both exhibited a decrease with the fluence of H^(+).Additionally,the luminescence of F centers,induced by oxygen vacancies,and Cr^(3+),resulting from the ^(2)E →^(4)A_(2) radiative transition in Al_(2)O_(3),were measured using 2 MeV H^(+).The luminescence intensity of F centers increases gradually with the fluence of H^(+).The luminescence evolution of Cr^(3+)is consistent with a yellow band center,attributed to its weak intensity,and it is situated within the emission band of the yellow band in the GaN film.Our results show that IBIL measurement can effectively detect the luminescence behavior of multilayer films by adjusting the ion energy.Luminescence measurement can be excited by various techniques,but IBIL can satisfy in situ luminescence measurement,and multilayer structural materials of tens of micrometers can be measured through IBIL by adjusting the energy of the inducing ions.The evolution of defects at different layers with ion fluence can be obtained.展开更多
MoS_(2)targets were irradiated by infra-red(IR)pulsed laser in a high vacuum to determine hot plasma parameters,atomic,molecular and ion emission,and angular and charge state distributions.In this way,pulsed laser dep...MoS_(2)targets were irradiated by infra-red(IR)pulsed laser in a high vacuum to determine hot plasma parameters,atomic,molecular and ion emission,and angular and charge state distributions.In this way,pulsed laser deposition(PLD)of thin films on graphene oxide substrates was also realized.An Nd:YAG laser,operating at the 1064 nm wavelength with a 5 ns pulse duration and up to a 1 J pulse energy,in a single pulse or at a 10 Hz repetition rate,was employed.Ablation yield was measured as a function of the laser fluence.Plasma was characterized using different analysis techniques,such as time-of-flight measurements,quadrupole mass spectrometry and fast CCD visible imaging.The so-produced films were characterized by composition,thickness,roughness,wetting ability,and morphology.When compared to the MoS_(2)targets,they show a slight decrease of S with respect to Mo,due to higher ablation yield,low fusion temperature and high sublimation in vacuum.The pulsed IR laser deposited Mo Sx(with 1<x<2)films are uniform,with a thickness of about 130 nm,a roughness of about 50 nm and a higher wettability than the MoS_(2)targets.Some potential applications of the pulsed IR laser-deposited Mo Sx films are also presented and discussed.展开更多
Half-integer microwave induced steps(Shapiro steps)have been observed in many different Josephson junction systems,which have attracted a lot of attention because they signify the deviation of current phase relation(C...Half-integer microwave induced steps(Shapiro steps)have been observed in many different Josephson junction systems,which have attracted a lot of attention because they signify the deviation of current phase relation(CPR)and uncover many unconventional physical properties.In this article,we first report the discovery of half-integer Shapiro steps in MgB_(2)focused He ion beam(He-FIB)Josephson junctions.The half-integer steps'dependence on microwave frequency,temperature,microwave power,and magnetic field is also analyzed.We find that the existence of half-integer steps can be controlled by the magnetic field periodically,which is similar to that of high temperature superconductor(HTS)grain boundary junctions,and the similarity of the microstructures between gain boundary junctions and He-FIB junctions is discussed.As a consequence,we mainly attribute the physical origin of half-integer steps in MgB_(2)He-FIB junctions to the model that a He-FIB junction is analogous to a parallel junctions'array.Our results show that He-FIB technology is a promising platform for researching CPR in junctions made of different superconductors.展开更多
Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)were considered as one of the most promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to the merits of high safety and inexpensiveness.As AZIBs cathode material,Mn O_...Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)were considered as one of the most promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to the merits of high safety and inexpensiveness.As AZIBs cathode material,Mn O_(2)possesses great merits but was greatly hindered due to the sluggish diffusion kinetic of Zn^(2+) during electrochemical operations.Herein,deep Zn^(2+) ions intercalatedδ-Mn O_(2)(Zn-Mn O_(2))was achieved by the in situ electrochemical deposition route,which significantly enhanced the diffusion ability of Zn^(2+) due to the synergistic effects of Zn^(2+) pillars and structural H;O.The resultant Zn-Mn O_(2)based AZIBs delivers a record capacity of 696 m Ah/g(0.5 m Ah/cm^(2))based on the initial mass loading,which is approaching the theoretical capacity of Mn O_(2)with a two-electrons reaction.In-situ Raman studies reveal highly reversible Zn^(2+)ions insertion/extraction behaviors and here the Zn-Mn O_(2)plays the role of a container during the charge–discharge process.Further charge storage mechanism investigations point out the insertion/extraction of Zn^(2+) and H^(+) coincides,and such process is significantly facilitated results from superior interlayered configurations of Zn-Mn O_(2)The excellent electrochemical performance of Zn-Mn O_(2)achieved in this work suggests the deep ions pre-intercalation strategy may aid in the future development of advanced cathodes for AZIBs.展开更多
The intercalation of foreign species into MXene, as an approach of tuning the interlayer environment, is employed to improve electrochemical ion storage behaviors. Herein, to understand the effect of confined ions by ...The intercalation of foreign species into MXene, as an approach of tuning the interlayer environment, is employed to improve electrochemical ion storage behaviors. Herein, to understand the effect of confined ions by the MXene layers on the performance of electrochemical energy storage, Zn^(2+) ions were employed to intercalate into MXene via an electrochemical technique. Zn^(2+) ions induced a shrink of the adjacent MXene layers. Meaningfully, a higher capacity of lithium ion storage was obtained after Zn^(2+) preintercalation. In order to explore the roles of the intercalated Zn^(2+) ions, the structural evolution, and the electronic migration among Zn, Ti and the surface termination were investigated to trace the origination of the higher Li^(+) storage capacity. The pre-intercalated Zn^(2+) ions lost electrons, meanwhile Ti of MXene obtained electrons. Moreover, a low-F surface functional groups was achieved. Contrary to the first shrink, after 200 cycles, a larger interlayer distance was monitored, this can accelerate the ion transport and offer a larger expansile space for lithium storage. This may offer a guidance to understand the roles of the confined ion by two-dimensional(2D) layered materials.展开更多
Driven by safety issues,environmental concerns,and high costs,rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have received increasing attention in recent years owing to their unique advantages.However,the sluggish kinet...Driven by safety issues,environmental concerns,and high costs,rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have received increasing attention in recent years owing to their unique advantages.However,the sluggish kinetics of divalent charge Zn^(2+)in the cathode materials caused by the strong electrostatic interaction and their unsatisfactory cycle life hinder the development of ZIBs.Herein,organic cations and Zn^(2+)ions co-pre-inserted vanadium oxide([N(CH_(3))_(4)]_(0.77),Zn_(0.23))V_(8)O_(20)·3.8H_(2)O are reported as the cathode for ultra-stable aqueous ZIBs,in which the weaker electrostatic interactions between Zn^(2+)and organic ion-pinned vanadium oxide can induce the high reversibility of Zn^(2+)insertion and extraction,thereby improving the cycle life.It is demonstrated that([N(CH_(3))_(4)]_(0.77),Zn_(0.23))V_(8)O_(20)·3.8H_(2)O cathodes deliver a discharge capacity of 181 mA h g^(-1)at8 A g^(-1)and ultra-long life span(99.5%capacity retention after 2000 cycles).A reversible Zn^(2+)/H^(+)ions(de)intercalation storage process and pseudocapacitive charge storage are characterized.The weaker interactions between organic ion and Zn^(2+)open a novel avenue for the design of highly reversible cathode materials with long-term cycling stability.展开更多
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China (52301273, 52072411)Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province (2024RC3222)+3 种基金Key project of scientific research project of Hunan Provincial Department of Education (22A0479)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2024M753668)Central South University Innovation-Driven Research Programme (2023CXQD038)Hunan Provincial Postgraduate Research Innovation Programme(CX20240970)。
文摘Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are fundamentally challenged by the instability of the electrode/electrolyte interface,predominantly due to irreversible zinc (Zn) deposition and hydrogen evolution.Particularly,the intricate mechanisms behind the electrochemical discrepancies induced by interfacial Zn^(2+)-solvation and deposition behavior demand comprehensive investigation.Organic molecules endowed with special functional groups (such as hydroxyl,carboxyl,etc.) have the potential to significantly optimize the solvation structure of Zn^(2+)and regulate the interfacial electric double layer (EDL).By increasing nucleation overpotential and decreasing interfacial free energy,these functional groups facilitate a lower critical nucleation radius,thereby forming an asymptotic nucleation model to promote uniform Zn deposition.Herein,this study presents a pioneering approach by introducing trace amounts of n-butanol as solvation regulators to engineer the homogenized Zn (H-Zn) anode with a uniform and dense structure.The interfacial reaction and structure evolution are explored by in/ex-situ experimental techniques,indicating that the H-Zn anode exhibits dendrite-free growth,no by-products,and weak hydrogen evolution,in sharp contrast to the bare Zn.Consequently,the H-Zn anode achieves a remarkable Zn utilization rate of approximately 20% and simultaneously sustains a prolonged cycle life exceeding 500 h.Moreover,the H-Zn//NH_(4)V_(4)O^(10)(NVO) full battery showcases exceptional cycle stability,retaining 95.04%capacity retention after 400 cycles at a large current density of 5 A g^(-1).This study enlightens solvation-regulated additives to develop Zn anode with superior utilization efficiency and extended operational lifespan.
基金Funded by a Science and Technology Project from the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development of the People’s Republic of China(No.2019-K-047)Yangzhou Government-Yangzhou University Cooperative Platform Project for Science and Technology Innovation(No.YZ2020262)。
文摘The chloride penetration resistance of cement-based grout materials was improved by nano-silica emulsion.Specimens of mixtures containing different nano-silica particles or emulsions were exposed in sodium chloride solutions of specific concentrations with different test ages.Hardened properties of the mixes were assessed in terms of weight loss and compressive strength.X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM)of mixes were performed to analysis the phase evolution and microstructure.The results demonstrated that the introduction of nano-SiO_(2) emulsion significantly decreased the compressive strength loss and calcium hydroxide(CH)crystal content of hydration production,and then enhanced the resistance of cement-based grouting materials to chloride ion penetration.This improvement derives from the filling and pozzolanic effects of nano-SiO_(2) particles,which were incorporated via an emulsion and attributed to a well dispersion in grouting matrix.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC)(52203261)Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province(BK20210474)the project of research on the industrial application of"controllable synthesis of nanocarbon-based polymer composites and their application in new energy”(N0.CJGJZD20210408092400002).
文摘The poor reversibility of Zn anodes induced by dendrite growth,surface passivation,and corrosion,severely hinders the practical applicability of Zn metal batteries.To address these issues,a plasmaassisted aerogel(PAG)interface engineering was proposed as efficient ion transport modulator that can simultaneously regulate uniform Zn^(2+)flux and desolvation behavior during battery operation.The PAG with ordered mesopores acted as an ion sieve to homogenize Zn deposition and accelerate Zn^(2+)flux,which is favorable for corrosion resistance and dendrite suppression.Importantly,the plasma-assisted aerogel with abundant hydrophilic groups can facilitate the desolvation kinetics of Zn^(2+)due to the multiple hydrogen-bonding interaction with the activated water molecules,thus accelerating the Zn^(2+)migration kinetics.Consequently,the Zn/Zn cell assembled with PAG-modified separator demonstrates stable plating and stripping behavior(over 1400 h at 1 mA cm^(-2))and high Coulombic efficiency(99.8%at1 mA cm^(-2)after 1100 cycles),and the Zn‖MnO_(2)full cell shows excellent long-term cycling stability and maintains a high capacity of 154.9 mA h g^(-1)after 1000 cycles at 1 A g^(-1).This study provides a feasible approach for the large-scale fabrication of aerogel functionalized separators to realize ultra-stable Zn metal batteries.
基金supported by ENN Group and ENN Energy Research Institute.
文摘This study analyzes fast ion losses in the EHL-2 fusion device,focusing on both beam ions and alpha particles as p-11B fusion reaction products.Using the Monte Carlo orbit-following code TGCO,we evaluate particle confinement under various operational scenarios,including co-injected tangential neutral beam injection at beam energies of 60 keV,80 keV,and 200 keV.Our simulations estimate the heat load driven by lost beam ions and find it to be within acceptable material limits for a plasma current on the order of mega-amperes.Additionally,we simulate the distribution of fusion products and observe a higher particle loss fraction for alpha particles compared to beam ions.However,due to the relatively low fusion power,these lost alpha particles are unlikely to significantly impact the plasma-facing materials.To assess the impact of the magnetic ripple,we compute the ripple field distribution by modelling the toroidal field(TF)coils as current filaments.The results indicate that the ripple field effect on particle confinement is minimal,primarily due to the large distance of over 1 m between the TF coils and the plasma on the low-field side.The analysis based on the test particle model is a foundational step in ensuring the basic safety aspects of the new device,which is essential for developing a robust design,optimizing performance,and maintaining safe operation.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22278347)the Excellent Doctoral Student Research Innovation Project of Xinjiang University of China(XJU2022BS048)the Postgraduate Innovation Project of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region of China(XJ2023G027).
文摘Low-cost Fe-based disordered rock salt(DRX)Li_(2)FeTiO_(4)is capable of providing high capacity(295 mA h g^(-1))by redox activity of cations(Fe^(2+)/Fe^(4+)and Ti^(3+)/Ti^(4+))and anionic oxygen.However,DRX structures lack transport channels for ions and electrons,resulting in sluggish kinetics,poor electrochemical activity,and cyclability.Herein,graphene conductive carbon network permeated Li_(2)FeTiO_(4)(LFT/C/G)nanofibers are successfully prepared by a facile sol-gel assisted electrospinning method.Ultrafine Li_(2)FeTiO_(4)nanoparticles(2 nm)and one-dimensional(1D)structure provide abu ndant active sites and unobstructed diffu sion channels,accelerating ion diffusion.In addition,introducing graphene reduces the band gap and Li^(+)diffusion barrier and improves the dynamic properties of Li_(2)FeTiO_(4),thus achieving a relatively mild interfacial reaction and reversible redox reaction.As expected,the LFT/C/1.0G cathode delivers a remarkable discharge capacity(238.5 mA h g^(-1)),high energy density(508.8 Wh kg^(-1)),and excellent rate capability(51.2 mA hg^(-1)at 1.0 A g^(-1)).Besides,the LFT/C/1.0G anode also displays a high capacity(514.5 mA h g^(-1)at 500 mA g^(-1))and a remarkable rate capability(243.9 mA h g^(-1)at 8 A g^(-1)).Moreover,the full batteries based on the LFT/C/1.0G symmetric electrode demonstrate a reversible capacity of 117.0 mA h g^(-1)after 100 cycles at 50 mA g^(-1).This study presents useful insights into developing cost-effective DRX cathodes with durable and fast lithium storage.
文摘Ion beam-induced luminescence(IBIL) experiments were performed to investigate the in situ luminescence of GaN/Al_(2)O_(3) at varying ion energies,which allowed for the measurement of defects at different depths within the material.The energies of H^(+)were set to 500 keV,640 keV and 2 MeV,the Bragg peaks of which correspond to the GaN film,GaN/Al_(2)O_(3) heterojunction and Al_(2)O_(3) substrate,respectively.A photoluminescence measurement at 250 K was also performed for comparison,during which only near band edge(NBE) and yellow band luminescence in the GaN film were observed.The evolution of the luminescence of the NBE and yellow band in the GaN film was discussed,and both exhibited a decrease with the fluence of H^(+).Additionally,the luminescence of F centers,induced by oxygen vacancies,and Cr^(3+),resulting from the ^(2)E →^(4)A_(2) radiative transition in Al_(2)O_(3),were measured using 2 MeV H^(+).The luminescence intensity of F centers increases gradually with the fluence of H^(+).The luminescence evolution of Cr^(3+)is consistent with a yellow band center,attributed to its weak intensity,and it is situated within the emission band of the yellow band in the GaN film.Our results show that IBIL measurement can effectively detect the luminescence behavior of multilayer films by adjusting the ion energy.Luminescence measurement can be excited by various techniques,but IBIL can satisfy in situ luminescence measurement,and multilayer structural materials of tens of micrometers can be measured through IBIL by adjusting the energy of the inducing ions.The evolution of defects at different layers with ion fluence can be obtained.
基金supported by OP RDE,MEYS,Czech Republic under the project CANAM OP(No.CZ.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_013/0001812)by the Czech Science Foundation GACR(No.23-06702S)。
文摘MoS_(2)targets were irradiated by infra-red(IR)pulsed laser in a high vacuum to determine hot plasma parameters,atomic,molecular and ion emission,and angular and charge state distributions.In this way,pulsed laser deposition(PLD)of thin films on graphene oxide substrates was also realized.An Nd:YAG laser,operating at the 1064 nm wavelength with a 5 ns pulse duration and up to a 1 J pulse energy,in a single pulse or at a 10 Hz repetition rate,was employed.Ablation yield was measured as a function of the laser fluence.Plasma was characterized using different analysis techniques,such as time-of-flight measurements,quadrupole mass spectrometry and fast CCD visible imaging.The so-produced films were characterized by composition,thickness,roughness,wetting ability,and morphology.When compared to the MoS_(2)targets,they show a slight decrease of S with respect to Mo,due to higher ablation yield,low fusion temperature and high sublimation in vacuum.The pulsed IR laser deposited Mo Sx(with 1<x<2)films are uniform,with a thickness of about 130 nm,a roughness of about 50 nm and a higher wettability than the MoS_(2)targets.Some potential applications of the pulsed IR laser-deposited Mo Sx films are also presented and discussed.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.12104016)the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Grant No.2020YFF01014706)。
文摘Half-integer microwave induced steps(Shapiro steps)have been observed in many different Josephson junction systems,which have attracted a lot of attention because they signify the deviation of current phase relation(CPR)and uncover many unconventional physical properties.In this article,we first report the discovery of half-integer Shapiro steps in MgB_(2)focused He ion beam(He-FIB)Josephson junctions.The half-integer steps'dependence on microwave frequency,temperature,microwave power,and magnetic field is also analyzed.We find that the existence of half-integer steps can be controlled by the magnetic field periodically,which is similar to that of high temperature superconductor(HTS)grain boundary junctions,and the similarity of the microstructures between gain boundary junctions and He-FIB junctions is discussed.As a consequence,we mainly attribute the physical origin of half-integer steps in MgB_(2)He-FIB junctions to the model that a He-FIB junction is analogous to a parallel junctions'array.Our results show that He-FIB technology is a promising platform for researching CPR in junctions made of different superconductors.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.51772138,51572118,and 51601082)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.lzujbky-2020-59)。
文摘Rechargeable aqueous zinc ion batteries(AZIBs)were considered as one of the most promising candidates for large-scale energy storage due to the merits of high safety and inexpensiveness.As AZIBs cathode material,Mn O_(2)possesses great merits but was greatly hindered due to the sluggish diffusion kinetic of Zn^(2+) during electrochemical operations.Herein,deep Zn^(2+) ions intercalatedδ-Mn O_(2)(Zn-Mn O_(2))was achieved by the in situ electrochemical deposition route,which significantly enhanced the diffusion ability of Zn^(2+) due to the synergistic effects of Zn^(2+) pillars and structural H;O.The resultant Zn-Mn O_(2)based AZIBs delivers a record capacity of 696 m Ah/g(0.5 m Ah/cm^(2))based on the initial mass loading,which is approaching the theoretical capacity of Mn O_(2)with a two-electrons reaction.In-situ Raman studies reveal highly reversible Zn^(2+)ions insertion/extraction behaviors and here the Zn-Mn O_(2)plays the role of a container during the charge–discharge process.Further charge storage mechanism investigations point out the insertion/extraction of Zn^(2+) and H^(+) coincides,and such process is significantly facilitated results from superior interlayered configurations of Zn-Mn O_(2)The excellent electrochemical performance of Zn-Mn O_(2)achieved in this work suggests the deep ions pre-intercalation strategy may aid in the future development of advanced cathodes for AZIBs.
基金supported by the Development Plan of Science and Technology of Jilin Province (20190201309JC,YDZJ202101ZYTS187)the Project of Development and Reform Commission of Jilin Provinve (2019C042-1)+3 种基金the Science and Technology Research Project of Education Department of Jilin Province(JJKH20210453KJ, JJKH20210449KJ)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (51932005)the Liaoning Revitalization Talents Program (XLYC1807175)the Research Fund of Shenyang National Laboratory for Materials Science。
文摘The intercalation of foreign species into MXene, as an approach of tuning the interlayer environment, is employed to improve electrochemical ion storage behaviors. Herein, to understand the effect of confined ions by the MXene layers on the performance of electrochemical energy storage, Zn^(2+) ions were employed to intercalate into MXene via an electrochemical technique. Zn^(2+) ions induced a shrink of the adjacent MXene layers. Meaningfully, a higher capacity of lithium ion storage was obtained after Zn^(2+) preintercalation. In order to explore the roles of the intercalated Zn^(2+) ions, the structural evolution, and the electronic migration among Zn, Ti and the surface termination were investigated to trace the origination of the higher Li^(+) storage capacity. The pre-intercalated Zn^(2+) ions lost electrons, meanwhile Ti of MXene obtained electrons. Moreover, a low-F surface functional groups was achieved. Contrary to the first shrink, after 200 cycles, a larger interlayer distance was monitored, this can accelerate the ion transport and offer a larger expansile space for lithium storage. This may offer a guidance to understand the roles of the confined ion by two-dimensional(2D) layered materials.
基金supported by the funding from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant nos.51902187,52072224,and 51732007)the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province(ZR2018BEM010)+3 种基金the Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars of Shandong Province(ZR2019JQ16)the Fundamental Research Funds of Shandong UniversityYoung Elite Scientist Sponsorship Program by CAST(YESS)the support from Collaborative Innovation Center of Technology and Equipment for Biological Diagnosis and Therapy in Universities of Shandong
文摘Driven by safety issues,environmental concerns,and high costs,rechargeable aqueous zinc-ion batteries(ZIBs)have received increasing attention in recent years owing to their unique advantages.However,the sluggish kinetics of divalent charge Zn^(2+)in the cathode materials caused by the strong electrostatic interaction and their unsatisfactory cycle life hinder the development of ZIBs.Herein,organic cations and Zn^(2+)ions co-pre-inserted vanadium oxide([N(CH_(3))_(4)]_(0.77),Zn_(0.23))V_(8)O_(20)·3.8H_(2)O are reported as the cathode for ultra-stable aqueous ZIBs,in which the weaker electrostatic interactions between Zn^(2+)and organic ion-pinned vanadium oxide can induce the high reversibility of Zn^(2+)insertion and extraction,thereby improving the cycle life.It is demonstrated that([N(CH_(3))_(4)]_(0.77),Zn_(0.23))V_(8)O_(20)·3.8H_(2)O cathodes deliver a discharge capacity of 181 mA h g^(-1)at8 A g^(-1)and ultra-long life span(99.5%capacity retention after 2000 cycles).A reversible Zn^(2+)/H^(+)ions(de)intercalation storage process and pseudocapacitive charge storage are characterized.The weaker interactions between organic ion and Zn^(2+)open a novel avenue for the design of highly reversible cathode materials with long-term cycling stability.
