In this article,we discuss Ye et al's recent article on the association between age at diabetes diagnosis and subsequent risk of age-related ocular diseases.The study,which utilized United Kingdom Biobank data,hig...In this article,we discuss Ye et al's recent article on the association between age at diabetes diagnosis and subsequent risk of age-related ocular diseases.The study,which utilized United Kingdom Biobank data,highlighted a strong link between early diabetes onset and major eye conditions,such as cataracts,glaucoma,agerelated macular degeneration,and vision loss,independent of glycemic control and disease duration.This finding challenges the previous belief that diabetic eye disease primarily correlates with hyperglycemia.As lifestyles evolve and the age of diabetes diagnosis decreases,understanding this relationship may reveal the complex pathogenesis underlying diabetes-related complications.This editorial summarizes potential mechanisms connecting the age of diabetes onset with four types of ocular diseases,emphasizing the significance of early diagnosis.展开更多
Bone age assessment(BAA)aims to determine whether a child’s growth and development are normal concerning their chronological age.To predict bone age more accurately based on radiographs,and for the left-hand X-ray im...Bone age assessment(BAA)aims to determine whether a child’s growth and development are normal concerning their chronological age.To predict bone age more accurately based on radiographs,and for the left-hand X-ray images of different races model can have better adaptability,we propose a neural network in parallel with the quantitative features from the left-hand bone measurements for BAA.In this study,a lightweight feature extractor(LFE)is designed to obtain the featuremaps fromradiographs,and amodule called attention erasermodule(AEM)is proposed to capture the fine-grained features.Meanwhile,the dimensional information of the metacarpal parts in the radiographs is measured to enhance the model’s generalization capability across images fromdifferent races.Ourmodel is trained and validated on the RSNA,RHPE,and digital hand atlas datasets,which include images from various racial groups.The model achieves a mean absolute error(MAE)of 4.42 months on the RSNA dataset and 15.98 months on the RHPE dataset.Compared to ResNet50,InceptionV3,and several state-of-the-art methods,our proposed method shows statistically significant improvements(p<0.05),with a reduction in MAE by 0.2±0.02 years across different racial datasets.Furthermore,t-tests on the features also confirm the statistical significance of our approach(p<0.05).展开更多
A stochastic epidemic model with two age groups is established in this study,in which the susceptible(S),the exposed(E),the infected(I),the hospitalized(H)and the recovered(R)are involved within the total population,t...A stochastic epidemic model with two age groups is established in this study,in which the susceptible(S),the exposed(E),the infected(I),the hospitalized(H)and the recovered(R)are involved within the total population,the aging rates between two age groups are set to be constant.The existence-and-uniqueness of global positive solution is firstly showed.Then,by constructing several appropriate Lyapunov functions and using the high-dimensional Itô’s formula,the sufficient conditions for the stochastic extinction and stochastic persistence of the exposed individuals and the infected individuals are obtained.The stochastic extinction indicator and the stochastic persistence indicator are less-valued expressions compared with the basic reproduction number.Meanwhile,the main results of this study are modified into multi-age groups.Furthermore,by using the surveillance data for Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Fuzhou COVID-19 epidemic is chosen to carry out the numerical simulations,which show that the age group of the population plays the vital role when studying infectious diseases.展开更多
With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterati...With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,microbial metabolites,and the functions of astrocytes.The microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive function.This article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.This article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and microbial metabolites.Finally,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.Our findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.展开更多
Although eye problems can occur at any age, they are often common from the age of 40. Eye diseases with a prevalence associated with age and aging will continue to increase in the coming years. Most studies conducted ...Although eye problems can occur at any age, they are often common from the age of 40. Eye diseases with a prevalence associated with age and aging will continue to increase in the coming years. Most studies conducted on problems in middle-aged people have focused on visual disorders without taking into account all the ocular morbidities that may affect this segment of the population, hence the present study, the aim of which is to determine the proportions of different eye diseases in people aged 40 and over. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the ophthalmology department covering the period from January 1 to December 31, 2020. Results: In total, we collected 828 patients aged 40 and over out of 1811 patients who received ophthalmological consultation during the study period, representing 45.72%. The most represented age group was 40 - 50 years, with an average age of 58.84 years and a maximum of 93 years. There were slightly more women (62.3%) than men (37.7%). The main reasons for consultation were decreased visual acuity (26.4%) and pruritus (19.9%). The main eye diseases diagnosed were cataracts (23%), allergic conjunctivitis (21.1%), and bacterial conjunctivitis (14.2%). Discussions: The predominance of cataracts in the diagnosed diseases confirms the literature data, according to which the main eye morbidities in middle-aged and elderly people are cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. Conclusion: It is crucial to have a mastery of these epidemiological data of eye diseases in order to adapt the technical platforms of eye care structures to the needs of different segments of the population.展开更多
BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide,presenting an increasing public health challenge,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries.However,data on ...BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide,presenting an increasing public health challenge,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries.However,data on the knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer and the associated factors among females in Wollo,Ethiopia,remain limited.AIM To assess the impact of family history(FH)of breast disease on knowledge,attitudes,and breast cancer preventive practices among reproductive-age females.METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in May and June 2022 in Northeast Ethiopia and involved 143 reproductive-age females with FH of breast diseases and 209 without such a history.We selected participants using the systematic random sampling technique.We analyzed the data using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25 software,and logistic regression analysis was employed to determine odds ratios for variable associations,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS Among participants with FH of breast diseases,the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices were found to be 83.9%[95%confidence interval(CI):77.9-89.9],49.0%(95%CI:40.8-57.1),and 74.1%(95%CI:66.9-81.3),respectively.In contrast,among those without FH of breast diseases,these levels were significantly decreased to 10.5%(95%CI:6.4-14.7),32.1%(95%CI:25.7-38.4),and 16.7%(95%CI:11.7-21.8),respectively.This study also indicated that knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices related to breast cancer are significantly higher among participants with FH of breast diseases compared to those without HF breast diseases.CONCLUSION Educational status,monthly income,and community health insurance were identified as significant factors associated with the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer among reproductive-age females.展开更多
Objective: To evaluate the improvement effect of combined treatment of eschar abrasion, nanosilver dressing, and mussel mucin spray on wound healing in patients with second-degree burns, and to explore their effects o...Objective: To evaluate the improvement effect of combined treatment of eschar abrasion, nanosilver dressing, and mussel mucin spray on wound healing in patients with second-degree burns, and to explore their effects on the expression level of (advanced glycation end products) AGEs in wound tissue, so as to provide a basis for the application of AGEs expression level in wound tissue in the future clinical treatment of second-degree burns. Methods: Patients with second-degree burns admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College from July 2023 to July 2024 were selected as the research subjects. This study was a non-double-blind study, and both patients and researchers were aware of the treatment methods. They were randomly divided into Group A (control group) and Group B (study group). According to the order of their visits, the patients were numbered in advance;then the seed number was taken, and 70 random numbers were generated on the computer using SAS, the first 35 corresponding to group A, and the last 35 corresponding to group B;the random numbers were arranged from small to large, and the rank of the random numbers was the patient number;finally, the patient numbers were arranged from small to large, and the corresponding groups were the grouping scheme. 1) Wound healing time: The wound healing was observed every day, and the wound healing time was calculated when the wound was completely epithelialized. 2) Wound healing: The wound healing area was measured 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment, and transparent paper was used to record combined with a computer-assisted imaging system. Wound healing rate = wound healing area (cm2)/total wound area before treatment (cm2) × 100%. The time for complete wound healing was recorded in the two groups of patients. 3) Pain: The pain was evaluated at 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment using the visual analogue scale (VAS). The higher the score, the more severe the pain. 4) Scar condition: Scar formation was evaluated 1, 3, and 6 months after wound healing using the VAS scale, with a total score of 15 points. The higher the score, the more severe the scar. 5) Detect the expression of AGEs in wound tissue. Results: The wound healed 14.03 ± 2.28 days after eschar removal, with a cure rate of 97.8%. No infection occurred in the wound after eschar removal in all patients. The wound healing time ranged from 9 to 23 days, with an average healing time of 28.41 ± 1.45 days. The healing quality was satisfactory. The Vancouver Scar Scale scored the wound healing scar as 0.81 ± 0.73 points. Western blot was used to detect the expression of AGEs, (receptor for advanced glycation end products) RAGE, and protein in the wound tissue. Results After 7, 14, and 28 days of medication, the wounds of diabetic patients healed well. The drug treatment efficacy and hydroxyproline content showed an upward trend, and the expression levels of AGEs, RAGE, and HIF-1a proteins showed a downward trend. Compared with day 0, the hydroxyproline content of the wound granulation tissue on days 7, 14, and 28 was significantly increased (P< 0.01), and the expression levels of AGEs, RAGE, and HIF-1α proteins were significantly downregulated (P< 0.05 or P< 0.01). Conclusion: Monitoring the expression levels of AGEs and RAGE can reflect the wound-healing effect of patients with second-degree burns, and the prognosis of the wound is closely related to the expression levels of AGEs, RAGE, and scab abrasion. In the treatment of second-degree burn wounds, scab abrasion can grasp the level of necrotic scab removal, can achieve “relatively accurate” removal of necrotic tissue, maximally protect the ecological tissue between wounds and retaining normal tissue, and can play a positive role in promoting the healing process of burn wounds;at the same time, nanosilver dressings have good antibacterial properties and high safety, and mussel mucin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and the characteristics of blocking nerve endings, which can effectively relieve the burning, stinging, and itching of sensitive skin and effectively promote wound healing.展开更多
The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus resulted in a health and economic crisis worldwide. Although everyone is susceptible to COVID-19, the elderly have compromised immune systems and often suffer from chronic underly...The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus resulted in a health and economic crisis worldwide. Although everyone is susceptible to COVID-19, the elderly have compromised immune systems and often suffer from chronic underlying diseases, which makes them more vulnerable. This study aims to assess variation in COVID-19 vaccine distribution patterns across different age groups in European countries and to understand the extent to which European countries have prioritized vulnerable age groups (age > 70) in their vaccination programs. The study utilized open data from the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and employed an observational, retrospective study design to examine the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine among various age groups in several European countries from September 2021 to September 2023. Results reveal that vaccination rates increase with age, peaking at the 25 - 49 age group (1.34 × 10−4), after which there was a decline in vaccination rate. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate the equality of vaccination rates across the 29 countries in Europe, which resulted in a p-value of 70) during the study period as no country achieved the 70% coverage aimed by WHO. Continuous efforts must be made to ensure larger coverage of COVID-19 vaccination among this vulnerable population in order to protect them from severe outcomes in this region.展开更多
Microstructures and properties of mortar using ammonium phosphate and potassium phosphate were tested and compared in this case.Moreover,two cementitious additions and two lightweight aggregates,including fly ash,redi...Microstructures and properties of mortar using ammonium phosphate and potassium phosphate were tested and compared in this case.Moreover,two cementitious additions and two lightweight aggregates,including fly ash,redispersible latex powder,ceramsite sand,and rubber powder,were respectively tried to be applied in magnesium ammonium phosphate cement mortar in order to modify the microstructures and properties.The experimental results show that potassium phosphate is not suitable for magnesium phosphate cement mortar for cold region construction purpose.Although fly ash can bring positive modification in the condition of normal temperature curing,it brings negative effects in the condition of sub-zero temperature curing.Either redispersible latex powder or ceramsite sand can improve the freeze-thaw cycling resistance of magnesium phosphate cement mortar in the conditions of low temperature coupled with freeze-thaw cycling,but only the ceramsite sand can improve both mechanical properties and freeze-thaw cycling resistance.The modification caused by ceramsite sand is mainly due to the exceptional bonding strength between hardened cement paste and the porous surface of ceramsite and the porous structure of ceramsite for the release of frost heave stress.展开更多
Objective: This study aims to analyze the distribution of positive human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among women of appropriate age in Beiliu City during cervical cancer screening in 2024, providing data support f...Objective: This study aims to analyze the distribution of positive human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among women of appropriate age in Beiliu City during cervical cancer screening in 2024, providing data support for subsequent public health interventions. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the HPV test results from January 1, 2024, to November 30, 2024, at Beiliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital. We statistically analyzed the positive rates of different HPV genotypes and the co-infection status of multiple genotypes. Results: A total of 7558 individuals were tested, with 1103 positive cases identified, resulting in a positivity rate of 14.59%. Among these, HPV type 52 had the highest positive rate, accounting for 18.47%. The co-infection analysis showed that there were 788 cases with single genotype positivity, 236 with double genotype positivity, and 58 with triple genotype positivity, while cases with multiple genotypes simultaneously positive were relatively rare. Conclusion: The HPV infection rate among women of appropriate age in Beiliu City is relatively high, especially for high-risk HPV types. To reduce the future incidence of cervical cancer, it is recommended to enhance health education and vaccination efforts for this population.展开更多
Objective: To assess the knowledge and attitudes about hepatitis B (HBV) infection among women of reproductive age in China, exploring the factors that influence their understanding of the disease and their perception...Objective: To assess the knowledge and attitudes about hepatitis B (HBV) infection among women of reproductive age in China, exploring the factors that influence their understanding of the disease and their perceptions toward individuals infected with HBV. Methods: A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, using purposive sampling to select 114 women of reproductive age from a community in Shandong Province, China. Data were collected through two structured questionnaires: one assessing HBV knowledge and the other measuring attitudes toward HBV. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, including chi-squared tests and Spearman correlation analysis, were used to examine relationships between demographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes. Results: The majority of participants demonstrated low knowledge about Hepatitis B, with 99.1% scoring within the low knowledge range. However, respondents exhibited generally positive attitudes toward prevention and inclusion. Significant associations were found between vaccination history and better knowledge scores, as well as between familial exposure and increased knowledge and positive attitudes. A weak inverse relationship between knowledge and attitudes was observed, suggesting that higher knowledge did not necessarily correlate with more favorable attitudes. Conclusion: The study highlights significant gaps in knowledge about Hepatitis B among women of reproductive age, despite positive attitudes toward prevention and social inclusion. Vaccination history and familial exposure were key factors associated with better knowledge and more supportive attitudes. These findings suggest the need for targeted health education strategies that address both knowledge gaps and emotional factors to improve attitudes and enhance preventive behaviors.展开更多
In the context of rising life expectancy,there is a significant discrepancy between Chinese seniors’self-perceptions of the start of old age and the expectations of society around this age.The traditional paradigm,wh...In the context of rising life expectancy,there is a significant discrepancy between Chinese seniors’self-perceptions of the start of old age and the expectations of society around this age.The traditional paradigm,which forecasts individual economic behavior and formulates economic policies based on societal standards of age,is put to the test by this disparity.This study,which draws from the China Longitudinal Aging Society Survey(CLASS),examines the factors,processes,and improvement strategies that affect how older people choose to work.The following are our conclusions:(i)Chinese elderly believe their old age starts from 70 years on average;delaying perceived old age is a denial of aging and raises the likelihood of finding work.Elders who are youthful at heart have a 2.4%higher chance of remaining employed than elders who are old at heart.(ii)In contrast to old-at-heart elders,young-at-heart elders are more likely to maintain their middle-age lifestyles,continue working,become motivated to engage in social activities,and gain the confidence to face challenges and continue in their career.(iii)If the perceived old age is above 70 years,the milestone event of aging is retirement from work,and there are external pressures,particularly pressures from family intergenerational support,the perception of old age will have a more proactive impact on older workers.(iv)Despite rising pension benefits,older people’s decision to remain in the workforce is still heavily influenced by their perception of their age.However,this effect is notably gender-specific,as older women’s decision to remain in the workforce is not greatly influenced by their own perception of their age.展开更多
Introduction: In Nigeria, one of the major reasons for marriage is procreation and married couples look forward to having children within a year or two of marriage. The age of marriage is on the increase in this part ...Introduction: In Nigeria, one of the major reasons for marriage is procreation and married couples look forward to having children within a year or two of marriage. The age of marriage is on the increase in this part of the world. Many women are now increasingly getting engulfed in career and academic pursuits at the detriment of early marriage. Many men are also not interested in marrying women who have no job. There is age-related acceleration of primordial follicle depletion which is of great clinical importance because it is associated with a significant decrease in fecundity. Objective: This study assessed the ages of the marriage of women who attended Fertility and Antenatal clinics at the National Obstetric Fistula Centre and Smile Specialist Hospital, Abakaliki, and their relationship with the fertility pattern of these women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 352 consenting married women who sought and received fertility and Antenatal care at the National Obstetric Fistula Centre and Smile Specialist Hospital Abakaliki, South-East Nigeria between February 1, 2022 and January 31, 2024. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to the participants over a two-year period. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20. A test of statistical significance was done using Chi Square. Results: The age group with the highest education was 26 - 30. This was statistically significant (X2 = 90.893, P-value 2 = 294.555, P-value 2 = 173.007, p-value 2 = 129.494, P-value 2 = 169.300, p-value 2 = 279.230, p-value Conclusion: There is increased difficulty at conception at marriage age above 25 years. The major reasons for delayed marriage were academic pursuit and lack of gainful employment. Education of the masses and inclusion of biological dynamics of the female reproductive behaviours as part of the core school curriculum will help enlighten the female and the male folks alike to enable them to make informed decisions with regard to the timing of marriage and commencement of procreation. This will help reduce infertility and save millions of couples the agony associated with infertility.展开更多
BACKGROUND The importance of age on the development of ocular conditions has been reported by numerous studies.Diabetes may have different associations with different stages of ocular conditions,and the duration of di...BACKGROUND The importance of age on the development of ocular conditions has been reported by numerous studies.Diabetes may have different associations with different stages of ocular conditions,and the duration of diabetes may affect the development of diabetic eye disease.While there is a dose-response relationship between the age at diagnosis of diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality,whether the age at diagnosis of diabetes is associated with incident ocular conditions remains to be explored.It is unclear which types of diabetes are more predictive of ocular conditions.AIM To examine associations between the age of diabetes diagnosis and the incidence of cataract,glaucoma,age-related macular degeneration(AMD),and vision acuity.METHODS Our analysis was using the UK Biobank.The cohort included 8709 diabetic participants and 17418 controls for ocular condition analysis,and 6689 diabetic participants and 13378 controls for vision analysis.Ocular diseases were identified using inpatient records until January 2021.Vision acuity was assessed using a chart.RESULTS During a median follow-up of 11.0 years,3874,665,and 616 new cases of cataract,glaucoma,and AMD,respectively,were identified.A stronger association between diabetes and incident ocular conditions was observed where diabetes was diagnosed at a younger age.Individuals with type 2 diabetes(T2D)diagnosed at<45 years[HR(95%CI):2.71(1.49-4.93)],45-49 years[2.57(1.17-5.65)],50-54 years[1.85(1.13-3.04)],or 50-59 years of age[1.53(1.00-2.34)]had a higher risk of AMD independent of glycated haemoglobin.T2D diagnosed<45 years[HR(95%CI):2.18(1.71-2.79)],45-49 years[1.54(1.19-2.01)],50-54 years[1.60(1.31-1.96)],or 55-59 years of age[1.21(1.02-1.43)]was associated with an increased cataract risk.T2D diagnosed<45 years of age only was associated with an increased risk of glaucoma[HR(95%CI):1.76(1.00-3.12)].HRs(95%CIs)for AMD,cataract,and glaucoma associated with type 1 diabetes(T1D)were 4.12(1.99-8.53),2.95(2.17-4.02),and 2.40(1.09-5.31),respectively.In multivariable-adjusted analysis,individuals with T2D diagnosed<45 years of age[β95%CI:0.025(0.009,0.040)]had a larger increase in LogMAR.Theβ(95%CI)for LogMAR associated with T1D was 0.044(0.014,0.073).CONCLUSION The younger age at the diagnosis of diabetes is associated with a larger relative risk of incident ocular diseases and greater vision loss.展开更多
Forest net primary productivity(NPP)constitutes a key flux within the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle and serves as a significant indicator of the forests carbon sequestration capacity,which is closely related to f...Forest net primary productivity(NPP)constitutes a key flux within the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle and serves as a significant indicator of the forests carbon sequestration capacity,which is closely related to forest age.Despite its significance,the impact of forest age on NPP is often ignored in future NPP projections.Here,we mapped forest age in Hunan Province at a 30-m resolution utilizing a combination of Landsat time series stack(LTSS),national forest inventory(NFI)data,and the relationships between height and age.Subsequently,NPP was derived from NFI data and the relationships between NPP and age was built for various forest types.Then forest NPP was predicted based on the NPP-age relationships under three future scenarios,assessing the impact of forest age on NPP.Our findings reveal substantial variations in forest NPP in Hunan Province under three future scenarios:under the age-only scenario,NPP peaks in 2041(133.56TgC·yr^(−1)),while NPP peaks three years later in 2044(141.14TgC·yr^(−1))under the natural development scenario.The maximum afforestation scenario exhibits the most rapid increase in NPP,with peaking in 2049(197.95TgC·yr^(−1)).However,with the aging of the forest,NPP is projected to then decrease by 7.54%,6.07%,and 7.47%in 2060,and 20.05%,19.74%,and 28.38%in 2100,respectively,compared to their peaks under the three scenarios.This indicates that forest NPP will continue to decline soon.Controlling the age structure of forests through selective logging,afforestation and reforestation,and encouraging natural regeneration after disturbance could mitigate this declining trend in forest NPP,but implications of these measures on the full forest carbon balance remain to be studied.Insights from the future multi-scenarios are expected to provide data to support sustainable forest management and national policy development,which will inform the achievement of carbon neutrality goals by 2060.展开更多
In the present research,we describe a computer-aided detection(CAD)method aimed at automatic fetal head circumference(HC)measurement in 2D ultrasonography pictures during all trimesters of pregnancy.The HC might be ut...In the present research,we describe a computer-aided detection(CAD)method aimed at automatic fetal head circumference(HC)measurement in 2D ultrasonography pictures during all trimesters of pregnancy.The HC might be utilized toward determining gestational age and tracking fetal development.This automated approach is particularly valuable in low-resource settings where access to trained sonographers is limited.The CAD system is divided into two steps:to begin,Haar-like characteristics were extracted from ultrasound pictures in order to train a classifier using random forests to find the fetal skull.We identified the HC using dynamic programming,an elliptical fit,and a Hough transform.The computer-aided detection(CAD)program was well-trained on 999 pictures(HC18 challenge data source),and then verified on 335 photos from all trimesters in an independent test set.A skilled sonographer and an expert in medicine personally marked the test set.We used the crown-rump length(CRL)measurement to calculate the reference gestational age(GA).In the first,second,and third trimesters,the median difference between the standard GA and the GA calculated by the skilled sonographer stayed at 0.7±2.7,0.0±4.5,and 2.0±12.0 days,respectively.The regular duration variance between the baseline GA and the health investigator’s GA remained 1.5±3.0,1.9±5.0,and 4.0±14 a couple of days.The mean variance between the standard GA and the CAD system’s GA remained between 0.5 and 5.0,with an additional variation of 2.9 to 12.5 days.The outcomes reveal that the computer-aided detection(CAD)program outperforms an expert sonographer.When paired with the classifications reported in the literature,the provided system achieves results that are comparable or even better.We have assessed and scheduled this computerized approach for HC evaluation,which includes information from all trimesters of gestation.展开更多
The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products(RAGE)is a multiligand receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily,notably highly expressed in the lungs.Its interaction with a variety of ligands,including advanced glyc...The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products(RAGE)is a multiligand receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily,notably highly expressed in the lungs.Its interaction with a variety of ligands,including advanced glycation end products(AGEs),S100 proteins,and high mobility group box 1(HMGB1),activates multiple signaling pathways that are pivotal in the pathogenesis of numerous pulmonary diseases and comorbidities.However,comprehensive reviews on the role of ligands-RAGE signaling in specific lung diseases are rare.This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which RAGE-mediated signaling pathways either provide protective or pathogenic effects in pulmonary diseases,focusing on its key regulatory roles in asthma,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),pulmonary fibrosis(PF),Lung Cancer and COVID-19 Pneumonia,as well as to discuss its therapeutic potential in the specific context of lung diseases.展开更多
Examining age-specific heterogeneity of susceptibility to cardiovascular disease is also essential in individuals without prediabetes to determine its relative size and direction compared to those with prediabetes.Of ...Examining age-specific heterogeneity of susceptibility to cardiovascular disease is also essential in individuals without prediabetes to determine its relative size and direction compared to those with prediabetes.Of particular interest,age-specific heterogeneity in genetic susceptibility may exhibit opposite directions depending on the presence or absence of prediabetes.展开更多
Wharton’s novels serve as compelling cases for understanding the complexities of late 19th-century American society.The paper uses The Age of Innocence as an example to examine detailed depiction of the era’s social...Wharton’s novels serve as compelling cases for understanding the complexities of late 19th-century American society.The paper uses The Age of Innocence as an example to examine detailed depiction of the era’s social hierarchy,fashion,architecture,and the intricate social rituals that defined New York’s upper class.It explores the constraints and dilemmas women faced within a patriarchal society,highlighting Wharton’s personal experiences and her critical stance on the social norms of her time.The characters of Newland Archer,May Welland,and Ellen Olenska are analyzed to reveal the pressures of societal expectations and the struggles for individual desires within a rigid social structure.Additionally,the paper proposes various teaching methods,including contextual understanding,literary analysis with a historical focus,and historical research projects,to enhance students’comprehension of the cultural and historical context of the novel.These methods aim to immerse students in the narrative and promote their understanding of the Gilded Age’s social dynamics.展开更多
To verify the effectiveness of digital optical 3D image analyzer EvaSKIN in the objective and quantitative evaluation of wrinkles.A total of 115 subjects were recruited,the facial images of the subjects were collected...To verify the effectiveness of digital optical 3D image analyzer EvaSKIN in the objective and quantitative evaluation of wrinkles.A total of 115 subjects were recruited,the facial images of the subjects were collected by digital optical 3D image analyzer and manual camera,the changes of crow’s feet with age were analyzed.Pictures obtained by manual photography can be directly used for observation and preliminary grading of wrinkles.However,the requirements for evaluators are high,and the results are prone to errors,which will affect the accuracy of the evaluation.Therefore,skilled raters are needed.Compared with the manual photography method,the digital optical 3D image analyzer EvaSKIN can realize three-dimensional extraction of wrinkles,and obtain the change trend of crow’s feet with age.20~30 years old,wrinkles begin to appear slowly;wrinkles will increase rapidly at the age of 30~50;The length of 50~60 year old wrinkles is basically fixed,the wrinkles develop longitudewise,gradually widen and deepen,and the area,depth and volume increase is obvious,and the skin aging condition is intensified.the digital optical 3D image analyzer EvaSKIN realizes the 3D extraction of wrinkles,quantifies the circumference,area,average depth,maximum depth and volume of wrinkles,realizes the objective and quantitative evaluation of wrinkle state,is more accurate in the measurement of wrinkles,and provides a new instrument and method for the evaluation of wrinkles.it is a perfect and supplement to the traditional evaluation methods,and to a certain extent,it helps the research and development and evaluation institutions of cosmetics to obtain more abundant and three-dimensional data support.展开更多
文摘In this article,we discuss Ye et al's recent article on the association between age at diabetes diagnosis and subsequent risk of age-related ocular diseases.The study,which utilized United Kingdom Biobank data,highlighted a strong link between early diabetes onset and major eye conditions,such as cataracts,glaucoma,agerelated macular degeneration,and vision loss,independent of glycemic control and disease duration.This finding challenges the previous belief that diabetic eye disease primarily correlates with hyperglycemia.As lifestyles evolve and the age of diabetes diagnosis decreases,understanding this relationship may reveal the complex pathogenesis underlying diabetes-related complications.This editorial summarizes potential mechanisms connecting the age of diabetes onset with four types of ocular diseases,emphasizing the significance of early diagnosis.
基金supported by the grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.72071019)grant from the Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing(No.cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0185).
文摘Bone age assessment(BAA)aims to determine whether a child’s growth and development are normal concerning their chronological age.To predict bone age more accurately based on radiographs,and for the left-hand X-ray images of different races model can have better adaptability,we propose a neural network in parallel with the quantitative features from the left-hand bone measurements for BAA.In this study,a lightweight feature extractor(LFE)is designed to obtain the featuremaps fromradiographs,and amodule called attention erasermodule(AEM)is proposed to capture the fine-grained features.Meanwhile,the dimensional information of the metacarpal parts in the radiographs is measured to enhance the model’s generalization capability across images fromdifferent races.Ourmodel is trained and validated on the RSNA,RHPE,and digital hand atlas datasets,which include images from various racial groups.The model achieves a mean absolute error(MAE)of 4.42 months on the RSNA dataset and 15.98 months on the RHPE dataset.Compared to ResNet50,InceptionV3,and several state-of-the-art methods,our proposed method shows statistically significant improvements(p<0.05),with a reduction in MAE by 0.2±0.02 years across different racial datasets.Furthermore,t-tests on the features also confirm the statistical significance of our approach(p<0.05).
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(61911530398,12231012)Consultancy Project by the Chinese Academy of Engineering(2022-JB-06,2023-JB-12)+3 种基金the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province of China(2021J01621)Special Projects of the Central Government Guiding Local Science and Technology Development(2021L3018)Royal Society of Edinburgh(RSE1832)Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council(EP/W522521/1).
文摘A stochastic epidemic model with two age groups is established in this study,in which the susceptible(S),the exposed(E),the infected(I),the hospitalized(H)and the recovered(R)are involved within the total population,the aging rates between two age groups are set to be constant.The existence-and-uniqueness of global positive solution is firstly showed.Then,by constructing several appropriate Lyapunov functions and using the high-dimensional Itô’s formula,the sufficient conditions for the stochastic extinction and stochastic persistence of the exposed individuals and the infected individuals are obtained.The stochastic extinction indicator and the stochastic persistence indicator are less-valued expressions compared with the basic reproduction number.Meanwhile,the main results of this study are modified into multi-age groups.Furthermore,by using the surveillance data for Fujian Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Fuzhou COVID-19 epidemic is chosen to carry out the numerical simulations,which show that the age group of the population plays the vital role when studying infectious diseases.
基金supported by the Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem Innovation Foundation,No.22HHXBSS00047(to PL)Graduate Science and Technology Innovation Project of Tianjin,No.2022BKY173(to LZ)Tianjin Municipal Science and Technology Bureau Foundation,No.20201194(to PL).
文摘With the rapidly aging human population,age-related cognitive decline and dementia are becoming increasingly prevalent worldwide.Aging is considered the main risk factor for cognitive decline and acts through alterations in the composition of the gut microbiota,microbial metabolites,and the functions of astrocytes.The microbiota–gut–brain axis has been the focus of multiple studies and is closely associated with cognitive function.This article provides a comprehensive review of the specific changes that occur in the composition of the gut microbiota and microbial metabolites in older individuals and discusses how the aging of astrocytes and reactive astrocytosis are closely related to age-related cognitive decline and neurodegenerative diseases.This article also summarizes the gut microbiota components that affect astrocyte function,mainly through the vagus nerve,immune responses,circadian rhythms,and microbial metabolites.Finally,this article summarizes the mechanism by which the gut microbiota–astrocyte axis plays a role in Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases.Our findings have revealed the critical role of the microbiota–astrocyte axis in age-related cognitive decline,aiding in a deeper understanding of potential gut microbiome-based adjuvant therapy strategies for this condition.
文摘Although eye problems can occur at any age, they are often common from the age of 40. Eye diseases with a prevalence associated with age and aging will continue to increase in the coming years. Most studies conducted on problems in middle-aged people have focused on visual disorders without taking into account all the ocular morbidities that may affect this segment of the population, hence the present study, the aim of which is to determine the proportions of different eye diseases in people aged 40 and over. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out in the ophthalmology department covering the period from January 1 to December 31, 2020. Results: In total, we collected 828 patients aged 40 and over out of 1811 patients who received ophthalmological consultation during the study period, representing 45.72%. The most represented age group was 40 - 50 years, with an average age of 58.84 years and a maximum of 93 years. There were slightly more women (62.3%) than men (37.7%). The main reasons for consultation were decreased visual acuity (26.4%) and pruritus (19.9%). The main eye diseases diagnosed were cataracts (23%), allergic conjunctivitis (21.1%), and bacterial conjunctivitis (14.2%). Discussions: The predominance of cataracts in the diagnosed diseases confirms the literature data, according to which the main eye morbidities in middle-aged and elderly people are cataracts, glaucoma, and age-related macular degeneration. Conclusion: It is crucial to have a mastery of these epidemiological data of eye diseases in order to adapt the technical platforms of eye care structures to the needs of different segments of the population.
文摘BACKGROUND Breast cancer is one of the most prevalent causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide,presenting an increasing public health challenge,particularly in lowincome and middle-income countries.However,data on the knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer and the associated factors among females in Wollo,Ethiopia,remain limited.AIM To assess the impact of family history(FH)of breast disease on knowledge,attitudes,and breast cancer preventive practices among reproductive-age females.METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in May and June 2022 in Northeast Ethiopia and involved 143 reproductive-age females with FH of breast diseases and 209 without such a history.We selected participants using the systematic random sampling technique.We analyzed the data using Statistical Package for Social Science version 25 software,and logistic regression analysis was employed to determine odds ratios for variable associations,with statistical significance set at P<0.05.RESULTS Among participants with FH of breast diseases,the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices were found to be 83.9%[95%confidence interval(CI):77.9-89.9],49.0%(95%CI:40.8-57.1),and 74.1%(95%CI:66.9-81.3),respectively.In contrast,among those without FH of breast diseases,these levels were significantly decreased to 10.5%(95%CI:6.4-14.7),32.1%(95%CI:25.7-38.4),and 16.7%(95%CI:11.7-21.8),respectively.This study also indicated that knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices related to breast cancer are significantly higher among participants with FH of breast diseases compared to those without HF breast diseases.CONCLUSION Educational status,monthly income,and community health insurance were identified as significant factors associated with the levels of knowledge,attitudes,and preventive practices regarding breast cancer among reproductive-age females.
文摘Objective: To evaluate the improvement effect of combined treatment of eschar abrasion, nanosilver dressing, and mussel mucin spray on wound healing in patients with second-degree burns, and to explore their effects on the expression level of (advanced glycation end products) AGEs in wound tissue, so as to provide a basis for the application of AGEs expression level in wound tissue in the future clinical treatment of second-degree burns. Methods: Patients with second-degree burns admitted to the Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College from July 2023 to July 2024 were selected as the research subjects. This study was a non-double-blind study, and both patients and researchers were aware of the treatment methods. They were randomly divided into Group A (control group) and Group B (study group). According to the order of their visits, the patients were numbered in advance;then the seed number was taken, and 70 random numbers were generated on the computer using SAS, the first 35 corresponding to group A, and the last 35 corresponding to group B;the random numbers were arranged from small to large, and the rank of the random numbers was the patient number;finally, the patient numbers were arranged from small to large, and the corresponding groups were the grouping scheme. 1) Wound healing time: The wound healing was observed every day, and the wound healing time was calculated when the wound was completely epithelialized. 2) Wound healing: The wound healing area was measured 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment, and transparent paper was used to record combined with a computer-assisted imaging system. Wound healing rate = wound healing area (cm2)/total wound area before treatment (cm2) × 100%. The time for complete wound healing was recorded in the two groups of patients. 3) Pain: The pain was evaluated at 1, 7, and 14 days after treatment using the visual analogue scale (VAS). The higher the score, the more severe the pain. 4) Scar condition: Scar formation was evaluated 1, 3, and 6 months after wound healing using the VAS scale, with a total score of 15 points. The higher the score, the more severe the scar. 5) Detect the expression of AGEs in wound tissue. Results: The wound healed 14.03 ± 2.28 days after eschar removal, with a cure rate of 97.8%. No infection occurred in the wound after eschar removal in all patients. The wound healing time ranged from 9 to 23 days, with an average healing time of 28.41 ± 1.45 days. The healing quality was satisfactory. The Vancouver Scar Scale scored the wound healing scar as 0.81 ± 0.73 points. Western blot was used to detect the expression of AGEs, (receptor for advanced glycation end products) RAGE, and protein in the wound tissue. Results After 7, 14, and 28 days of medication, the wounds of diabetic patients healed well. The drug treatment efficacy and hydroxyproline content showed an upward trend, and the expression levels of AGEs, RAGE, and HIF-1a proteins showed a downward trend. Compared with day 0, the hydroxyproline content of the wound granulation tissue on days 7, 14, and 28 was significantly increased (P< 0.01), and the expression levels of AGEs, RAGE, and HIF-1α proteins were significantly downregulated (P< 0.05 or P< 0.01). Conclusion: Monitoring the expression levels of AGEs and RAGE can reflect the wound-healing effect of patients with second-degree burns, and the prognosis of the wound is closely related to the expression levels of AGEs, RAGE, and scab abrasion. In the treatment of second-degree burn wounds, scab abrasion can grasp the level of necrotic scab removal, can achieve “relatively accurate” removal of necrotic tissue, maximally protect the ecological tissue between wounds and retaining normal tissue, and can play a positive role in promoting the healing process of burn wounds;at the same time, nanosilver dressings have good antibacterial properties and high safety, and mussel mucin has anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities and the characteristics of blocking nerve endings, which can effectively relieve the burning, stinging, and itching of sensitive skin and effectively promote wound healing.
文摘The emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 virus resulted in a health and economic crisis worldwide. Although everyone is susceptible to COVID-19, the elderly have compromised immune systems and often suffer from chronic underlying diseases, which makes them more vulnerable. This study aims to assess variation in COVID-19 vaccine distribution patterns across different age groups in European countries and to understand the extent to which European countries have prioritized vulnerable age groups (age > 70) in their vaccination programs. The study utilized open data from the European Center for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) and employed an observational, retrospective study design to examine the distribution of the COVID-19 vaccine among various age groups in several European countries from September 2021 to September 2023. Results reveal that vaccination rates increase with age, peaking at the 25 - 49 age group (1.34 × 10−4), after which there was a decline in vaccination rate. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to investigate the equality of vaccination rates across the 29 countries in Europe, which resulted in a p-value of 70) during the study period as no country achieved the 70% coverage aimed by WHO. Continuous efforts must be made to ensure larger coverage of COVID-19 vaccination among this vulnerable population in order to protect them from severe outcomes in this region.
基金Funded by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.51878227)。
文摘Microstructures and properties of mortar using ammonium phosphate and potassium phosphate were tested and compared in this case.Moreover,two cementitious additions and two lightweight aggregates,including fly ash,redispersible latex powder,ceramsite sand,and rubber powder,were respectively tried to be applied in magnesium ammonium phosphate cement mortar in order to modify the microstructures and properties.The experimental results show that potassium phosphate is not suitable for magnesium phosphate cement mortar for cold region construction purpose.Although fly ash can bring positive modification in the condition of normal temperature curing,it brings negative effects in the condition of sub-zero temperature curing.Either redispersible latex powder or ceramsite sand can improve the freeze-thaw cycling resistance of magnesium phosphate cement mortar in the conditions of low temperature coupled with freeze-thaw cycling,but only the ceramsite sand can improve both mechanical properties and freeze-thaw cycling resistance.The modification caused by ceramsite sand is mainly due to the exceptional bonding strength between hardened cement paste and the porous surface of ceramsite and the porous structure of ceramsite for the release of frost heave stress.
文摘Objective: This study aims to analyze the distribution of positive human papillomavirus (HPV) infections among women of appropriate age in Beiliu City during cervical cancer screening in 2024, providing data support for subsequent public health interventions. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on the HPV test results from January 1, 2024, to November 30, 2024, at Beiliu Maternal and Child Health Hospital. We statistically analyzed the positive rates of different HPV genotypes and the co-infection status of multiple genotypes. Results: A total of 7558 individuals were tested, with 1103 positive cases identified, resulting in a positivity rate of 14.59%. Among these, HPV type 52 had the highest positive rate, accounting for 18.47%. The co-infection analysis showed that there were 788 cases with single genotype positivity, 236 with double genotype positivity, and 58 with triple genotype positivity, while cases with multiple genotypes simultaneously positive were relatively rare. Conclusion: The HPV infection rate among women of appropriate age in Beiliu City is relatively high, especially for high-risk HPV types. To reduce the future incidence of cervical cancer, it is recommended to enhance health education and vaccination efforts for this population.
文摘Objective: To assess the knowledge and attitudes about hepatitis B (HBV) infection among women of reproductive age in China, exploring the factors that influence their understanding of the disease and their perceptions toward individuals infected with HBV. Methods: A descriptive-correlational research design was employed, using purposive sampling to select 114 women of reproductive age from a community in Shandong Province, China. Data were collected through two structured questionnaires: one assessing HBV knowledge and the other measuring attitudes toward HBV. Descriptive and inferential statistical analyses, including chi-squared tests and Spearman correlation analysis, were used to examine relationships between demographic characteristics, knowledge, and attitudes. Results: The majority of participants demonstrated low knowledge about Hepatitis B, with 99.1% scoring within the low knowledge range. However, respondents exhibited generally positive attitudes toward prevention and inclusion. Significant associations were found between vaccination history and better knowledge scores, as well as between familial exposure and increased knowledge and positive attitudes. A weak inverse relationship between knowledge and attitudes was observed, suggesting that higher knowledge did not necessarily correlate with more favorable attitudes. Conclusion: The study highlights significant gaps in knowledge about Hepatitis B among women of reproductive age, despite positive attitudes toward prevention and social inclusion. Vaccination history and familial exposure were key factors associated with better knowledge and more supportive attitudes. These findings suggest the need for targeted health education strategies that address both knowledge gaps and emotional factors to improve attitudes and enhance preventive behaviors.
基金supported by the General Project of the National Social Science Fund of China(NSSFC)(Grant No.19BRK028)Humanities and Social Science Research Youth Fund Project of the Ministry of Education:“Study on the Trends and Management of Population Outflow in China’s Border Regions”(Grant No.21YJC840021).
文摘In the context of rising life expectancy,there is a significant discrepancy between Chinese seniors’self-perceptions of the start of old age and the expectations of society around this age.The traditional paradigm,which forecasts individual economic behavior and formulates economic policies based on societal standards of age,is put to the test by this disparity.This study,which draws from the China Longitudinal Aging Society Survey(CLASS),examines the factors,processes,and improvement strategies that affect how older people choose to work.The following are our conclusions:(i)Chinese elderly believe their old age starts from 70 years on average;delaying perceived old age is a denial of aging and raises the likelihood of finding work.Elders who are youthful at heart have a 2.4%higher chance of remaining employed than elders who are old at heart.(ii)In contrast to old-at-heart elders,young-at-heart elders are more likely to maintain their middle-age lifestyles,continue working,become motivated to engage in social activities,and gain the confidence to face challenges and continue in their career.(iii)If the perceived old age is above 70 years,the milestone event of aging is retirement from work,and there are external pressures,particularly pressures from family intergenerational support,the perception of old age will have a more proactive impact on older workers.(iv)Despite rising pension benefits,older people’s decision to remain in the workforce is still heavily influenced by their perception of their age.However,this effect is notably gender-specific,as older women’s decision to remain in the workforce is not greatly influenced by their own perception of their age.
文摘Introduction: In Nigeria, one of the major reasons for marriage is procreation and married couples look forward to having children within a year or two of marriage. The age of marriage is on the increase in this part of the world. Many women are now increasingly getting engulfed in career and academic pursuits at the detriment of early marriage. Many men are also not interested in marrying women who have no job. There is age-related acceleration of primordial follicle depletion which is of great clinical importance because it is associated with a significant decrease in fecundity. Objective: This study assessed the ages of the marriage of women who attended Fertility and Antenatal clinics at the National Obstetric Fistula Centre and Smile Specialist Hospital, Abakaliki, and their relationship with the fertility pattern of these women. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 352 consenting married women who sought and received fertility and Antenatal care at the National Obstetric Fistula Centre and Smile Specialist Hospital Abakaliki, South-East Nigeria between February 1, 2022 and January 31, 2024. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to the participants over a two-year period. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 20. A test of statistical significance was done using Chi Square. Results: The age group with the highest education was 26 - 30. This was statistically significant (X2 = 90.893, P-value 2 = 294.555, P-value 2 = 173.007, p-value 2 = 129.494, P-value 2 = 169.300, p-value 2 = 279.230, p-value Conclusion: There is increased difficulty at conception at marriage age above 25 years. The major reasons for delayed marriage were academic pursuit and lack of gainful employment. Education of the masses and inclusion of biological dynamics of the female reproductive behaviours as part of the core school curriculum will help enlighten the female and the male folks alike to enable them to make informed decisions with regard to the timing of marriage and commencement of procreation. This will help reduce infertility and save millions of couples the agony associated with infertility.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.32200545The GDPH Supporting Fund for Talent Program,No.KJ012020633 and KJ012019530Science and Technology Research Project of Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine,No.YN2022GK04。
文摘BACKGROUND The importance of age on the development of ocular conditions has been reported by numerous studies.Diabetes may have different associations with different stages of ocular conditions,and the duration of diabetes may affect the development of diabetic eye disease.While there is a dose-response relationship between the age at diagnosis of diabetes and the risk of cardiovascular disease and mortality,whether the age at diagnosis of diabetes is associated with incident ocular conditions remains to be explored.It is unclear which types of diabetes are more predictive of ocular conditions.AIM To examine associations between the age of diabetes diagnosis and the incidence of cataract,glaucoma,age-related macular degeneration(AMD),and vision acuity.METHODS Our analysis was using the UK Biobank.The cohort included 8709 diabetic participants and 17418 controls for ocular condition analysis,and 6689 diabetic participants and 13378 controls for vision analysis.Ocular diseases were identified using inpatient records until January 2021.Vision acuity was assessed using a chart.RESULTS During a median follow-up of 11.0 years,3874,665,and 616 new cases of cataract,glaucoma,and AMD,respectively,were identified.A stronger association between diabetes and incident ocular conditions was observed where diabetes was diagnosed at a younger age.Individuals with type 2 diabetes(T2D)diagnosed at<45 years[HR(95%CI):2.71(1.49-4.93)],45-49 years[2.57(1.17-5.65)],50-54 years[1.85(1.13-3.04)],or 50-59 years of age[1.53(1.00-2.34)]had a higher risk of AMD independent of glycated haemoglobin.T2D diagnosed<45 years[HR(95%CI):2.18(1.71-2.79)],45-49 years[1.54(1.19-2.01)],50-54 years[1.60(1.31-1.96)],or 55-59 years of age[1.21(1.02-1.43)]was associated with an increased cataract risk.T2D diagnosed<45 years of age only was associated with an increased risk of glaucoma[HR(95%CI):1.76(1.00-3.12)].HRs(95%CIs)for AMD,cataract,and glaucoma associated with type 1 diabetes(T1D)were 4.12(1.99-8.53),2.95(2.17-4.02),and 2.40(1.09-5.31),respectively.In multivariable-adjusted analysis,individuals with T2D diagnosed<45 years of age[β95%CI:0.025(0.009,0.040)]had a larger increase in LogMAR.Theβ(95%CI)for LogMAR associated with T1D was 0.044(0.014,0.073).CONCLUSION The younger age at the diagnosis of diabetes is associated with a larger relative risk of incident ocular diseases and greater vision loss.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(grant no.31770679)the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(grant no.KYCX24_1252)the China Scholarship Council(grant no.202308320354).
文摘Forest net primary productivity(NPP)constitutes a key flux within the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle and serves as a significant indicator of the forests carbon sequestration capacity,which is closely related to forest age.Despite its significance,the impact of forest age on NPP is often ignored in future NPP projections.Here,we mapped forest age in Hunan Province at a 30-m resolution utilizing a combination of Landsat time series stack(LTSS),national forest inventory(NFI)data,and the relationships between height and age.Subsequently,NPP was derived from NFI data and the relationships between NPP and age was built for various forest types.Then forest NPP was predicted based on the NPP-age relationships under three future scenarios,assessing the impact of forest age on NPP.Our findings reveal substantial variations in forest NPP in Hunan Province under three future scenarios:under the age-only scenario,NPP peaks in 2041(133.56TgC·yr^(−1)),while NPP peaks three years later in 2044(141.14TgC·yr^(−1))under the natural development scenario.The maximum afforestation scenario exhibits the most rapid increase in NPP,with peaking in 2049(197.95TgC·yr^(−1)).However,with the aging of the forest,NPP is projected to then decrease by 7.54%,6.07%,and 7.47%in 2060,and 20.05%,19.74%,and 28.38%in 2100,respectively,compared to their peaks under the three scenarios.This indicates that forest NPP will continue to decline soon.Controlling the age structure of forests through selective logging,afforestation and reforestation,and encouraging natural regeneration after disturbance could mitigate this declining trend in forest NPP,but implications of these measures on the full forest carbon balance remain to be studied.Insights from the future multi-scenarios are expected to provide data to support sustainable forest management and national policy development,which will inform the achievement of carbon neutrality goals by 2060.
文摘In the present research,we describe a computer-aided detection(CAD)method aimed at automatic fetal head circumference(HC)measurement in 2D ultrasonography pictures during all trimesters of pregnancy.The HC might be utilized toward determining gestational age and tracking fetal development.This automated approach is particularly valuable in low-resource settings where access to trained sonographers is limited.The CAD system is divided into two steps:to begin,Haar-like characteristics were extracted from ultrasound pictures in order to train a classifier using random forests to find the fetal skull.We identified the HC using dynamic programming,an elliptical fit,and a Hough transform.The computer-aided detection(CAD)program was well-trained on 999 pictures(HC18 challenge data source),and then verified on 335 photos from all trimesters in an independent test set.A skilled sonographer and an expert in medicine personally marked the test set.We used the crown-rump length(CRL)measurement to calculate the reference gestational age(GA).In the first,second,and third trimesters,the median difference between the standard GA and the GA calculated by the skilled sonographer stayed at 0.7±2.7,0.0±4.5,and 2.0±12.0 days,respectively.The regular duration variance between the baseline GA and the health investigator’s GA remained 1.5±3.0,1.9±5.0,and 4.0±14 a couple of days.The mean variance between the standard GA and the CAD system’s GA remained between 0.5 and 5.0,with an additional variation of 2.9 to 12.5 days.The outcomes reveal that the computer-aided detection(CAD)program outperforms an expert sonographer.When paired with the classifications reported in the literature,the provided system achieves results that are comparable or even better.We have assessed and scheduled this computerized approach for HC evaluation,which includes information from all trimesters of gestation.
基金funded by Science and Technology Department of Sichuan Province 2023NSFSC0130 and 2023NSFSC1992Startup Foundation for Advanced Talents of Sichuan University(YJ2021124)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities,and sponsored by Open Project of State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease(SKLRD-OP-202501).
文摘The Receptor for Advanced Glycation End Products(RAGE)is a multiligand receptor of the immunoglobulin superfamily,notably highly expressed in the lungs.Its interaction with a variety of ligands,including advanced glycation end products(AGEs),S100 proteins,and high mobility group box 1(HMGB1),activates multiple signaling pathways that are pivotal in the pathogenesis of numerous pulmonary diseases and comorbidities.However,comprehensive reviews on the role of ligands-RAGE signaling in specific lung diseases are rare.This review aims to elucidate the mechanisms by which RAGE-mediated signaling pathways either provide protective or pathogenic effects in pulmonary diseases,focusing on its key regulatory roles in asthma,chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD),acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS),pulmonary fibrosis(PF),Lung Cancer and COVID-19 Pneumonia,as well as to discuss its therapeutic potential in the specific context of lung diseases.
基金Supported by National Research Foundation of Korea,No.2018R1A2B6004867.
文摘Examining age-specific heterogeneity of susceptibility to cardiovascular disease is also essential in individuals without prediabetes to determine its relative size and direction compared to those with prediabetes.Of particular interest,age-specific heterogeneity in genetic susceptibility may exhibit opposite directions depending on the presence or absence of prediabetes.
文摘Wharton’s novels serve as compelling cases for understanding the complexities of late 19th-century American society.The paper uses The Age of Innocence as an example to examine detailed depiction of the era’s social hierarchy,fashion,architecture,and the intricate social rituals that defined New York’s upper class.It explores the constraints and dilemmas women faced within a patriarchal society,highlighting Wharton’s personal experiences and her critical stance on the social norms of her time.The characters of Newland Archer,May Welland,and Ellen Olenska are analyzed to reveal the pressures of societal expectations and the struggles for individual desires within a rigid social structure.Additionally,the paper proposes various teaching methods,including contextual understanding,literary analysis with a historical focus,and historical research projects,to enhance students’comprehension of the cultural and historical context of the novel.These methods aim to immerse students in the narrative and promote their understanding of the Gilded Age’s social dynamics.
文摘To verify the effectiveness of digital optical 3D image analyzer EvaSKIN in the objective and quantitative evaluation of wrinkles.A total of 115 subjects were recruited,the facial images of the subjects were collected by digital optical 3D image analyzer and manual camera,the changes of crow’s feet with age were analyzed.Pictures obtained by manual photography can be directly used for observation and preliminary grading of wrinkles.However,the requirements for evaluators are high,and the results are prone to errors,which will affect the accuracy of the evaluation.Therefore,skilled raters are needed.Compared with the manual photography method,the digital optical 3D image analyzer EvaSKIN can realize three-dimensional extraction of wrinkles,and obtain the change trend of crow’s feet with age.20~30 years old,wrinkles begin to appear slowly;wrinkles will increase rapidly at the age of 30~50;The length of 50~60 year old wrinkles is basically fixed,the wrinkles develop longitudewise,gradually widen and deepen,and the area,depth and volume increase is obvious,and the skin aging condition is intensified.the digital optical 3D image analyzer EvaSKIN realizes the 3D extraction of wrinkles,quantifies the circumference,area,average depth,maximum depth and volume of wrinkles,realizes the objective and quantitative evaluation of wrinkle state,is more accurate in the measurement of wrinkles,and provides a new instrument and method for the evaluation of wrinkles.it is a perfect and supplement to the traditional evaluation methods,and to a certain extent,it helps the research and development and evaluation institutions of cosmetics to obtain more abundant and three-dimensional data support.
