Amplitudes have been found to be a function of incident angle and offset. Hence data required to test for amplitude variation with angle or offset needs to have its amplitudes for all offsets preserved and not stacked...Amplitudes have been found to be a function of incident angle and offset. Hence data required to test for amplitude variation with angle or offset needs to have its amplitudes for all offsets preserved and not stacked. Amplitude Variation with Offset (AVO)/Amplitude Variation with Angle (AVA) is necessary to account for information in the offset/angle parameter (mode converted S-wave and P-wave velocities). Since amplitudes are a function of the converted S- and P-waves, it is important to investigate the dependence of amplitudes on the elastic (P- and S-waves) parameters from the seismic data. By modelling these effects for different reservoir fluids via fluid substitution, various AVO geobody classes present along the well and in the entire seismic cube can be observed. AVO analysis was performed on one test well (Well_1) and 3D pre-stack angle gathers from the Tano Basin. The analysis involves creating a synthetic model to infer the effect of offset scaling techniques on amplitude responses in the Tano basin as compared to the effect of unscaled seismic data. The spectral balance process was performed to match the amplitude spectra of all angle stacks to that of the mid (26°) stack on the test lines. The process had an effect primarily on the far (34° - 40°) stacks. The frequency content of these stacks slightly increased to match that of the near and mid stacks. In offset scaling process, the root mean square (RMS) amplitude comparison between the synthetic and seismic suggests that the amplitude of the far traces should be reduced relative to the nears by up to 16%. However, the exact scaler values depend on the time window considered. This suggests that the amplitude scaling with offset delivered from seismic processing is only approximately correct and needs to be checked with well synthetics and adjusted accordingly prior to use for AVO studies. The AVO attribute volumes generated were better at resolving anomalies on spectrally balanced and offset scaled data than data delivered from conventional processing. A typical class II AVO anomaly is seen along the test well from the cross-plot analysis and AVO attribute cube which indicates an oil filled reservoir.展开更多
An important component of any CO_2 sequestration project is seismic monitoring for tracking changes in subsurface physical properties,such as velocity and density.Different reservoirs have different amplitude variatio...An important component of any CO_2 sequestration project is seismic monitoring for tracking changes in subsurface physical properties,such as velocity and density.Different reservoirs have different amplitude variation with offset(AVO) responses,which can define underground conditions. In the present paper we investigate walkaway vertical seismic profile(VSP) AVO response to CO_2 injection at the Ketzin site,the first European onshore CO_2 sequestration pilot study dealing with research on geological storage of CO_2.First,we performed rock physics analysis to evaluate the effect of injected CO_2 on seismic velocity using the Biot-Gassmann equation.On the basis of this model,the seismic response for different CO_2 injection saturation was studied using ray tracing modeling.We then created synthetic walkaway VSP data,which we then processed.In contrast,synthetic seismic traces were created from borehole data.Finally,we found that the amplitude of CO_2 injected sand layer with different gas saturations were increased with the offset when compared with the original brine target layer.This is the typical classⅢAVO anomaly for gas sand layer.The AVO responses matched the synthetic seismic traces very well.Therefore,walkaway VSP AVO response can monitor CO_2 distribution in the Ketzin area.展开更多
随着油气田勘探开发的深入,岩性油气藏勘探对地震资料保幅性要求提高。本文从保幅含义出发,给出了绝对保幅和相对保幅的定义,总结了前人提出的保幅质量控制评价方法,并在此基础上提出了分频AVO(Amplitude Versus Offset)曲线法和分偏移...随着油气田勘探开发的深入,岩性油气藏勘探对地震资料保幅性要求提高。本文从保幅含义出发,给出了绝对保幅和相对保幅的定义,总结了前人提出的保幅质量控制评价方法,并在此基础上提出了分频AVO(Amplitude Versus Offset)曲线法和分偏移距频谱分析法两种新的保幅质量控制方法。分频AVO曲线法考虑了地层厚度对AVO特征的影响,能更有效地反映不同厚度地层的AVO特征,降低调谐作用对AVO特征的影响,从而有效提升AVO分析的精度。分偏移距频谱分析法能更好地反映处理前后地震资料的能量、频率在不同偏移距上的变化情况,也能通过能量、频率随偏移距的变化来对保幅性进行评价。这些方法与现有方法结合,依托成熟的处理流程,构建了相对完善的保幅质量控制评价体系,为岩性勘探准确性和可靠性提供保障。展开更多
川中须家河组气藏为典型的大面积、低丰度、致密岩性气藏类型,资源潜力巨大,是四川盆地增产上储重要层系;但该类气藏储层薄、非均质性强、气水关系非常复杂,如何提高含气富集区(甜点)预测精度和建立气水识别方法是须家河组气藏勘探开发...川中须家河组气藏为典型的大面积、低丰度、致密岩性气藏类型,资源潜力巨大,是四川盆地增产上储重要层系;但该类气藏储层薄、非均质性强、气水关系非常复杂,如何提高含气富集区(甜点)预测精度和建立气水识别方法是须家河组气藏勘探开发最关键的问题。从储层岩石物理分析和模型正演等基础研究入手,深入分析不同岩性组合下气层和水层的振幅随偏移距变化(amplitade variation with offset,AVO)响应特征,建立了一套以AVO叠前道集、近远道叠加剖面对比分析为基础,AVO主振幅主频率技术为核心的须家河组致密气藏检测及气水层识别新思路和新方法,生产应用效果显著。展开更多
文摘Amplitudes have been found to be a function of incident angle and offset. Hence data required to test for amplitude variation with angle or offset needs to have its amplitudes for all offsets preserved and not stacked. Amplitude Variation with Offset (AVO)/Amplitude Variation with Angle (AVA) is necessary to account for information in the offset/angle parameter (mode converted S-wave and P-wave velocities). Since amplitudes are a function of the converted S- and P-waves, it is important to investigate the dependence of amplitudes on the elastic (P- and S-waves) parameters from the seismic data. By modelling these effects for different reservoir fluids via fluid substitution, various AVO geobody classes present along the well and in the entire seismic cube can be observed. AVO analysis was performed on one test well (Well_1) and 3D pre-stack angle gathers from the Tano Basin. The analysis involves creating a synthetic model to infer the effect of offset scaling techniques on amplitude responses in the Tano basin as compared to the effect of unscaled seismic data. The spectral balance process was performed to match the amplitude spectra of all angle stacks to that of the mid (26°) stack on the test lines. The process had an effect primarily on the far (34° - 40°) stacks. The frequency content of these stacks slightly increased to match that of the near and mid stacks. In offset scaling process, the root mean square (RMS) amplitude comparison between the synthetic and seismic suggests that the amplitude of the far traces should be reduced relative to the nears by up to 16%. However, the exact scaler values depend on the time window considered. This suggests that the amplitude scaling with offset delivered from seismic processing is only approximately correct and needs to be checked with well synthetics and adjusted accordingly prior to use for AVO studies. The AVO attribute volumes generated were better at resolving anomalies on spectrally balanced and offset scaled data than data delivered from conventional processing. A typical class II AVO anomaly is seen along the test well from the cross-plot analysis and AVO attribute cube which indicates an oil filled reservoir.
基金The European Commission,German Federal Ministry of Education and Research,German Federal Ministry of Economics and Technology as well as Research Institute and Industry are gratefully acknowledged for funding and supporting CO2 Storage by Injection into a Natural Storage Site CO2SINK(Project No.502599)
文摘An important component of any CO_2 sequestration project is seismic monitoring for tracking changes in subsurface physical properties,such as velocity and density.Different reservoirs have different amplitude variation with offset(AVO) responses,which can define underground conditions. In the present paper we investigate walkaway vertical seismic profile(VSP) AVO response to CO_2 injection at the Ketzin site,the first European onshore CO_2 sequestration pilot study dealing with research on geological storage of CO_2.First,we performed rock physics analysis to evaluate the effect of injected CO_2 on seismic velocity using the Biot-Gassmann equation.On the basis of this model,the seismic response for different CO_2 injection saturation was studied using ray tracing modeling.We then created synthetic walkaway VSP data,which we then processed.In contrast,synthetic seismic traces were created from borehole data.Finally,we found that the amplitude of CO_2 injected sand layer with different gas saturations were increased with the offset when compared with the original brine target layer.This is the typical classⅢAVO anomaly for gas sand layer.The AVO responses matched the synthetic seismic traces very well.Therefore,walkaway VSP AVO response can monitor CO_2 distribution in the Ketzin area.
文摘随着油气田勘探开发的深入,岩性油气藏勘探对地震资料保幅性要求提高。本文从保幅含义出发,给出了绝对保幅和相对保幅的定义,总结了前人提出的保幅质量控制评价方法,并在此基础上提出了分频AVO(Amplitude Versus Offset)曲线法和分偏移距频谱分析法两种新的保幅质量控制方法。分频AVO曲线法考虑了地层厚度对AVO特征的影响,能更有效地反映不同厚度地层的AVO特征,降低调谐作用对AVO特征的影响,从而有效提升AVO分析的精度。分偏移距频谱分析法能更好地反映处理前后地震资料的能量、频率在不同偏移距上的变化情况,也能通过能量、频率随偏移距的变化来对保幅性进行评价。这些方法与现有方法结合,依托成熟的处理流程,构建了相对完善的保幅质量控制评价体系,为岩性勘探准确性和可靠性提供保障。
文摘川中须家河组气藏为典型的大面积、低丰度、致密岩性气藏类型,资源潜力巨大,是四川盆地增产上储重要层系;但该类气藏储层薄、非均质性强、气水关系非常复杂,如何提高含气富集区(甜点)预测精度和建立气水识别方法是须家河组气藏勘探开发最关键的问题。从储层岩石物理分析和模型正演等基础研究入手,深入分析不同岩性组合下气层和水层的振幅随偏移距变化(amplitade variation with offset,AVO)响应特征,建立了一套以AVO叠前道集、近远道叠加剖面对比分析为基础,AVO主振幅主频率技术为核心的须家河组致密气藏检测及气水层识别新思路和新方法,生产应用效果显著。
