In order to enhance the control performance of piezo-positioning system,the influence of hysteresis characteristics and its compensation method are studied.Hammerstein model is used to represent the dynamic hysteresis...In order to enhance the control performance of piezo-positioning system,the influence of hysteresis characteristics and its compensation method are studied.Hammerstein model is used to represent the dynamic hysteresis nonlinear characteristics of piezo-positioning actuator.The static nonlinear part and dynamic linear part of the Hammerstein model are represented by models obtained through the Prandtl-Ishlinskii(PI)model and Hankel matrix system identification method,respectively.This model demonstrates good generalization capability for typical input frequencies below 200 Hz.A sliding mode inverse compensation tracking control strategy based on P-I inverse model and integral augmentation is proposed.Experimental results show that compared with PID inverse compensation control and sliding mode control without inverse compensation,the sliding mode inverse compensation control has a more ideal step response and no overshoot,moreover,the settling time is only 6.2 ms.In the frequency domain,the system closed-loop tracking bandwidth reaches 119.9 Hz,and the disturbance rejection bandwidth reaches 86.2 Hz.The proposed control strategy can effectively compensate the hysteresis nonlinearity,and improve the tracking accuracy and antidisturbance capability of piezo-positioning system.展开更多
Enhancing the stability and performance of practical control systems in the presence of nonlinearity,time delay,and uncertainty remains a significant challenge.Particularly,a class of strict-feedback nonlinear uncerta...Enhancing the stability and performance of practical control systems in the presence of nonlinearity,time delay,and uncertainty remains a significant challenge.Particularly,a class of strict-feedback nonlinear uncertain systems characterized by unknown control directions and time-varying input delay lacks comprehensive solutions.In this paper,we propose an observerbased adaptive tracking controller to address this gap.Neural networks are utilized to handle uncertainty,and a unique coordinate transformation is employed to untangle the coupling between input delay and unknown control directions.Subsequently,a new auxiliary signal counters the impact of time-varying input delay,while a Nussbaum function is introduced to solve the problem of unknown control directions.The leverage of an advanced dynamic surface control technique avoids the“complexity explosion”and reduces boundary layer errors.Synthesizing these techniques ensures that all the closed-loop signals are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded(SGUUB),and the tracking error converges to a small region around the origin by selecting suitable parameters.Simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.展开更多
As Model-Based Systems Engineering(MBSE)was applied to the Electric Multiple Unit(EMU)braking system control logic,a preliminary exploration was conducted for bullet train braking system control logic research using a...As Model-Based Systems Engineering(MBSE)was applied to the Electric Multiple Unit(EMU)braking system control logic,a preliminary exploration was conducted for bullet train braking system control logic research using an MBSE practice framework.The framework mainly includes the requirement analysis phase,functional analysis phase,and design phase.Systems Modeling Language(SysML)was used as the modeling language,and Cameo Systems Modeler(CSM)was employed as the modeling tool.By integrating the EMU braking system control logic and utilizing a top-down design approach,the implementation of MBSE in the bullet train braking system was analyzed and studied.The results show that,according to the MBSE practice framework,a unified description of the requirement analysis,functional analysis,and design synthesis of the EMU braking system control logic can be achieved.Additionally,the correlation and traceability between models can be established.展开更多
BACKGROUND Systematic reviews(SRs)synthesize and evaluate data,mainly from randomized trials,which then guides the development of clinical recommendations in evidence-based medicine.However,the data and methodological...BACKGROUND Systematic reviews(SRs)synthesize and evaluate data,mainly from randomized trials,which then guides the development of clinical recommendations in evidence-based medicine.However,the data and methodological information in the included papers can often be lacking or unclear,and reviewers usually need to contact the authors of included studies for clarifications.Contacting authors is recommended,but it is unclear how often SR teams do it,or what the level of response is.AIM To investigate how often reviewers undertake contact with the authors of included randomized controlled trials(RCTs)for clarification on data and risk of bias concerns,to explore the factors that influence whether SR authors contact or do not contact the authors,and the content and level of responses.METHODS We conducted a systematic electronic database search in MEDLINE using the search string“(systematic review)”AND“(RCT OR randomized OR trial)”for articles published between 1 January 2024 and 19 February 2024,without language restrictions.Screening and data extraction was done independently by two reviewers,and conflicts resolved by a senior author.Contact authors of included SRs were contacted for clarifications.RESULTS Of the 329 included SRs,38%(n=125)explicitly mentioned contact with the authors of included studies.The remaining 62%(n=204)did not.We attempted contact with all SR teams for clarifications and received 90 responses(19.4%).Of the 50 respondents who did not explicitly mention contact in their SRs,25(50%)replied that they did make contact.We received a total of 64 responses on the level and content of information sought.The mean±SD contacts SR teams made were 10(10),replies received 5(6.7),and response waiting time 10.1(28.3)weeks.Resources,time,poor previous experience,perceived likelihood of poor response and bias concerns were reported as barriers to attempting contact.CONCLUSION The majority of SRs published in 2024 did not confirm seeking clarifying or missing information from primary study authors.However,SR teams reported that 50%of contacted primary authors respond.Additional research can clarify this rate of response and establish methods to increase the integration of this core methodological element in SRs.展开更多
A dual-harmonic acceleration system is utilized to mitigate the space-charge effect in the rapid-cycling synchrotron of the China Spallation Neutron Source upgrade project(CSNS-II).A magnetic alloy(MA)-loaded cavity w...A dual-harmonic acceleration system is utilized to mitigate the space-charge effect in the rapid-cycling synchrotron of the China Spallation Neutron Source upgrade project(CSNS-II).A magnetic alloy(MA)-loaded cavity with a high accelerating gradient is developed to satisfy the requirements of dual-harmonic acceleration and provide the necessary second-harmonic cavity voltage.However,the MA-loaded cavity exhibits a wideband frequency response,resulting in numerous higher harmonics in the radio-frequency(RF)voltage.These higher harmonics are caused by both the beam-loading effect and distorted amplifier current,which distort the RF bucket,increase the power dissipation in the cavity,and lower the gradient.To address these issues,a multiharmonic independent feedback-control approach is implemented to compensate for higher harmonics.The effectiveness of this control strategy is validated experimentally.This study provides details regarding the feedback-control design and presents the commissioning results.展开更多
Digital twin can simulate and monitor the state and behavior of physical entities in the real world,helping enterprises to better understand and manage real-world physical systems,improve production efficiency,reduce ...Digital twin can simulate and monitor the state and behavior of physical entities in the real world,helping enterprises to better understand and manage real-world physical systems,improve production efficiency,reduce costs,and improve safety and reliability.In this paper,we use GTS motion control card and Unity engine to build a digital twin system,and control a virtual industrial automation handling platform including two screw servo axes and multiple sensors through the physical GTS motion control card.The control card program controls the motion of the virtual model through transmission control protocol(TCP)communication,and the virtual model system feeds back the signal to the control card program to achieve the virtual and real synchronous digital twin effect.The digital twin system uses Unity engine to create a highly realistic virtual environment,and can run on multi-platform terminals.展开更多
With the advancement of more electric aircraft(MEA)technology,the application of electro-hydrostatic actuators(EHAs)in aircraft actuation systems has become increasingly prevalent.This paper focuses on the modeling an...With the advancement of more electric aircraft(MEA)technology,the application of electro-hydrostatic actuators(EHAs)in aircraft actuation systems has become increasingly prevalent.This paper focuses on the modeling and mode switching analysis of EHA used in the primary flight control actuation systems of large aircraft,addressing the challenges associated with mode switching.First,we analyze the functional architecture and operational characteristics of multi-mode EHA,and sumarize the operating modes and implementation methods.Based on the EHA system architecture,we then develop a theoretical mathematical model and a simulation model.Using the simulation model,we analyze the performance of the EHA during normal operation.Finally,the performance of the EHA during mode switching under various functional switching scenarios is investigated.The results indicate that the EHA meets the performance requirements in terms of accuracy,bandwidth,and load capacity.Additionally,the hydraulic cylinder operates smoothly during the EHA mode switching,and the response time for switching between different modes is less than the specified threshold.These findings validate the system performance of multi-mode EHA,which helps to improve the reliability of EHA and the safety of aircraft flight control systems.展开更多
This paper introduces the Integrated Security Embedded Resilience Architecture (ISERA) as an advanced resilience mechanism for Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT) environments. The ISERA f...This paper introduces the Integrated Security Embedded Resilience Architecture (ISERA) as an advanced resilience mechanism for Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT) environments. The ISERA framework integrates security by design principles, micro-segmentation, and Island Mode Operation (IMO) to enhance cyber resilience and ensure continuous, secure operations. The methodology deploys a Forward-Thinking Architecture Strategy (FTAS) algorithm, which utilises an industrial Intrusion Detection System (IDS) implemented with Python’s Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) library. The FTAS algorithm successfully identified and responded to cyber-attacks, ensuring minimal system disruption. ISERA has been validated through comprehensive testing scenarios simulating Denial of Service (DoS) attacks and malware intrusions, at both the IT and OT layers where it successfully mitigates the impact of malicious activity. Results demonstrate ISERA’s efficacy in real-time threat detection, containment, and incident response, thus ensuring the integrity and reliability of critical infrastructure systems. ISERA’s decentralised approach contributes to global net zero goals by optimising resource use and minimising environmental impact. By adopting a decentralised control architecture and leveraging virtualisation, ISERA significantly enhances the cyber resilience and sustainability of critical infrastructure systems. This approach not only strengthens defences against evolving cyber threats but also optimises resource allocation, reducing the system’s carbon footprint. As a result, ISERA ensures the uninterrupted operation of essential services while contributing to broader net zero goals.展开更多
The new energy power generation is becoming increasingly important in the power system.Such as photovoltaic power generation has become a research hotspot,however,due to the characteristics of light radiation changes,...The new energy power generation is becoming increasingly important in the power system.Such as photovoltaic power generation has become a research hotspot,however,due to the characteristics of light radiation changes,photovoltaic power generation is unstable and random,resulting in a low utilization rate and directly affecting the stability of the power grid.To solve this problem,this paper proposes a coordinated control strategy for a newenergy power generation system with a hybrid energy storage unit based on the lithium iron phosphate-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage unit.Firstly,the variational mode decomposition algorithm is used to separate the high and low frequencies of the power signal,which is conducive to the rapid and accurate suppression of the power fluctuation of the energy storage system.Secondly,the fuzzy control algorithm is introduced to balance the power between energy storage.In this paper,the actual data is used for simulation,and the simulation results show that the strategy realizes the effective suppression of the bus voltage fluctuation and the accurate control of the internal state of the energy storage unit,effectively avoiding problems such as overshoot and over-discharge,and can significantly improve the stability of the photovoltaic power generation systemand the stability of the Direct Current bus.It is of great significance to promote the development of collaborative control technology for photovoltaic hybrid energy storage units.展开更多
Renewable Energy Systems(RES)provide a sustainable solution to climate warming and environmental pollution by enhancing stability and reliability through status acquisition and analysis on cloud platforms and intellig...Renewable Energy Systems(RES)provide a sustainable solution to climate warming and environmental pollution by enhancing stability and reliability through status acquisition and analysis on cloud platforms and intelligent processing on edge servers(ES).However,securely distributing encrypted data stored in the cloud to terminals that meet decryption requirements has become a prominent research topic.Additionally,managing attributes,including addition,deletion,and modification,is a crucial issue in the access control scheme for RES.To address these security concerns,a trust-based ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption(CP-ABE)device access control scheme is proposed for RES(TB-CP-ABE).This scheme effectivelymanages the distribution and control of encrypted data on the cloud through robust attribute key management.By introducing trust management mechanisms and outsourced decryption technology,the ES system can effectively assess and manage the trust worthiness of terminal devices,ensuring that only trusted devices can participate in data exchange and access sensitive information.Besides,the ES system dynamically evaluates trust scores to set decryption trust thresholds,thereby regulating device data access permissions and enhancing the system’s security.To validate the security of the proposed TB-CP-ABE against chosen plaintext attacks,a comprehensive formal security analysis is conducted using the widely accepted random oraclemodel under the decisional q-Bilinear Diffie-Hellman Exponent(q-BDHE)assumption.Finally,comparative analysis with other schemes demonstrates that the TB-CP-ABE scheme cuts energy/communication costs by 43%,and scaleswell with rising terminals,maintaining average latency below 50ms,ensuring real-time service feasibility.The proposed scheme not only provides newinsights for the secure management of RES but also lays a foundation for future secure energy solutions.展开更多
The multi-terminal direct current(DC)grid has extinctive superiorities over the traditional alternating current system in integrating large-scale renewable energy.Both the DC circuit breaker(DCCB)and the current flow ...The multi-terminal direct current(DC)grid has extinctive superiorities over the traditional alternating current system in integrating large-scale renewable energy.Both the DC circuit breaker(DCCB)and the current flow controller(CFC)are demanded to ensure the multiterminal DC grid to operates reliably and flexibly.However,since the CFC and the DCCB are all based on fully controlled semiconductor switches(e.g.,insulated gate bipolar transistor,integrated gate commutated thyristor,etc.),their separation configuration in the multiterminal DC grid will lead to unaffordable implementation costs and conduction power losses.To solve these problems,integrated equipment with both current flow control and fault isolation abilities is proposed,which shares the expensive and duplicated components of CFCs and DCCBs among adjacent lines.In addition,the complicated coordination control of CFCs and DCCBs can be avoided by adopting the integrated equipment in themultiterminal DC grid.In order to examine the current flow control and fault isolation abilities of the integrated equipment,the simulation model of a specific meshed four-terminal DC grid is constructed in the PSCAD/EMTDC software.Finally,the comparison between the integrated equipment and the separate solution is presented a specific result or conclusion needs to be added to the abstract.展开更多
Uneven power distribution,transient voltage,and frequency deviations are observed in the photovoltaic storage hybrid inverter during the switching between grid-connected and island modes.In response to these issues,th...Uneven power distribution,transient voltage,and frequency deviations are observed in the photovoltaic storage hybrid inverter during the switching between grid-connected and island modes.In response to these issues,this paper proposes a grid-connected/island switching control strategy for photovoltaic storage hybrid inverters based on the modified chimpanzee optimization algorithm.The proposed strategy incorporates coupling compensation and power differentiation elements based on the traditional droop control.Then,it combines the angular frequency and voltage amplitude adjustments provided by the phase-locked loop-free pre-synchronization control strategy.Precise pre-synchronization is achieved by regulating the virtual current to zero and aligning the photovoltaic storage hybrid inverter with the grid voltage.Additionally,two novel operators,learning and emotional behaviors are introduced to enhance the optimization precision of the chimpanzee algorithm.These operators ensure high-precision and high-reliability optimization of the droop control parameters for photovoltaic storage hybrid inverters.A Simulink model was constructed for simulation analysis,which validated the optimized control strategy’s ability to evenly distribute power under load transients.This strategy effectively mitigated transient voltage and current surges during mode transitions.Consequently,seamless and efficient switching between gridconnected and island modes was achieved for the photovoltaic storage hybrid inverter.The enhanced energy utilization efficiency,in turn,offers robust technical support for grid stability.展开更多
BACKGROUND Inadequate glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM)is a major public health problem and a significant risk factor for the progression of diabetic complications.AIM To evaluate the effects of ...BACKGROUND Inadequate glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM)is a major public health problem and a significant risk factor for the progression of diabetic complications.AIM To evaluate the effects of intensive and supportive glycemic management strategies over a 12-month period in individuals with T2DM with glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)≥10%and varying backgrounds of glycemic control.METHODS This prospective observational study investigated glycemic control in patients with poorly controlled T2DM over 12 months.Participants were categorized into four groups based on prior glycemic history:Newly diagnosed,previously well controlled with recent worsening,previously off-target but now worsening,and HbA1c consistently above 10%.HbA1c levels were monitored quarterly,and patients received medical,educational,and dietary support as needed.The analysis focused on the success rates of good glycemic control and the associated factors within each group.RESULTS The study showed significant improvements in HbA1c levels in all participants.The most significant improvement was observed in individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes:65%achieved an HbA1c target of≤7%.The results varied between participants with different glycemic control histories,followed by decreasing success rates:39%in participants with previously good glycemic control,21%in participants whose glycemic control had deteriorated compared to before,and only 10%in participants with persistently poor control,with mean HbA1c levels of 6.3%,7.7%,8.2%,and 9.7%,respectively.After one year,65.2%of the“newly diagnosed patients”,39.3%in the“previously controlled group”,21.9%in the“previously off-target but now worsened'”group and 10%in the“poorly controlled from the start”group had achieved HbA1c levels of 7 and below.CONCLUSION In poorly controlled diabetes,the rate at which treatment goals are achieved is associated with the glycemic background characteristics,emphasizing the need for tailored strategies.Therefore,different and comprehensive treatment approaches are needed for patients with persistent uncontrolled diabetes.展开更多
Vascular endothelial growth factor and its mimic peptide KLTWQELYQLKYKGI(QK)are widely used as the most potent angiogenic factors for the treatment of multiple ischemic diseases.However,conventional topical drug deliv...Vascular endothelial growth factor and its mimic peptide KLTWQELYQLKYKGI(QK)are widely used as the most potent angiogenic factors for the treatment of multiple ischemic diseases.However,conventional topical drug delivery often results in a burst release of the drug,leading to transient retention(inefficacy)and undesirable diffusion(toxicity)in vivo.Therefore,a drug delivery system that responds to changes in the microenvironment of tissue regeneration and controls vascular endothelial growth factor release is crucial to improve the treatment of ischemic stroke.Matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)is gradually upregulated after cerebral ischemia.Herein,vascular endothelial growth factor mimic peptide QK was self-assembled with MMP-2-cleaved peptide PLGLAG(TIMP)and customizable peptide amphiphilic(PA)molecules to construct nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK.PA-TIMP-QK was found to control the delivery of QK by MMP-2 upregulation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and had a similar biological activity with vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro.The results indicated that PA-TIMP-QK promoted neuronal survival,restored local blood circulation,reduced blood-brain barrier permeability,and restored motor function.These findings suggest that the self-assembling nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK may provide an intelligent drug delivery system that responds to the microenvironment and promotes regeneration and repair after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:In recent years,the number of clinical research reports on acupuncture and manipulation for the treatment of greater occipital neuralgia has gradually increased,but the quality is uneven.There is currently n...OBJECTIVE:In recent years,the number of clinical research reports on acupuncture and manipulation for the treatment of greater occipital neuralgia has gradually increased,but the quality is uneven.There is currently no literature evaluating the quality of published reports,which is not conducive to the promotion of clinical use of these therapies.Therefore,this article assessed the reporting quality of randomized controlled trials on acupuncture and manipulation for greater occipital neuralgia.METHODS:Cochrane Library,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP,WanFang Data,and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database(CBM)from inception to May 20,2024 were searched.The reporting quality of included randomized controlled trials was independently evaluated by two investigators using the CONSORT statement,STRICTA checklist,and Cochrane bias of risk assessment tool.A third investigator resolved any disagreement.RESULTS:A total of 62 articles were included.Based on the CONSORT statement,59.46%(22/37)of all entries had a reporting rate of less than 50%,mainly including“Identification as a randomized trial in the title(1/62,1.61%),”“How sample size was determined(7/62,11.29%),”“Implementation(1/62,1.61%),”“Blinding(1/62,1.61%),”and“Reports of Funding(4/62,6.45%).”According to the STRICTA checklist,29.41%(5/17)of all entries had a reporting rate of less than 50%,mainly including“Details of other interventions(7/58,12.07%),”“Setting and context of treatment(0/58,0%),”and“Description of participating acupuncturists(0/58,0%).”CONCLUSION:The reporting quality of randomized controlled trials on acupuncture and manipulation therapy for greater occipital neuralgia remains low.Future researchers need to make greater efforts to strictly adhere to the CONSORT statement and STRICTA checklist during trial design,implementation,and reporting.This will facilitate the standardization of research in this field and enhance the reliability and reproducibility of the research results.展开更多
It’s possible for malicious operators to seize hold of electrical control systems, for instance, the engine control unit of driverless vehicles, from various vectors, e.g. autonomic control system, remote vehicle acc...It’s possible for malicious operators to seize hold of electrical control systems, for instance, the engine control unit of driverless vehicles, from various vectors, e.g. autonomic control system, remote vehicle access, or human drivers. To mitigate potential risks, this paper provides the inauguration study by proposing a theoretical framework in the physical, human and cyber triad. Its goal is to, at each time point, detect adversary control behaviors and protect control systems against malicious operations via integrating a variety of methods. This paper only proposes a theoretical framework which tries to indicate possible threats. With the support of the framework, the security system can lightly reduce the risk. The development and implementation of the system are out of scope.展开更多
Pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (Leeke) R. Br, is the main cereal crop in Niger. This crop is seriously attacked by the millet Head miner (MHM), Heliocheilus albipunctella (de Joannis) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) causin...Pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (Leeke) R. Br, is the main cereal crop in Niger. This crop is seriously attacked by the millet Head miner (MHM), Heliocheilus albipunctella (de Joannis) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) causing significant yield losses. This study to optimize biological control of this pest was carried out in Niger in the laboratory and in a farming environment. In the laboratory, the larval paralysis and emergence of the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were compared between release jute bags, plastic boxes and cardboard boxes. In a farming environment, direct releases were carried out with plastic boxes and releases with jute bags in 12 villages of the Maradi region during the cropping seasons of 2021 and 2022. The results indicated that 25 larvae of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the boxes were all paralyzed by 2 females of H. hebetor within 7 hours 30 minutes. The emergence of adults began on the 7th day after the beginning of the experiment for a period of two weeks and three weeks respectively in the boxes and jute bags. The production varied from 107.08 to 110.17 parasitoids and was comparable between the Jute bags, plastic boxes and cardboard boxes. In Farmers’ fields, the parasitoid release with the two methods caused the parasitism rates that varied from 64.32 to 66.52% depending on the year but in 2022 the rate of parasitism was higher in the fields with direct releases using plastic boxes (72.66%) compared to those released with jute bags (56.35%). Plastic boxes and cardboard boxes can be used for the production of the H. hebetor parasitoids. These results can be recommended to the cottage industries in the Sahel in order to improve the production and release methods of H. hebetor and make them more adapted to farmers’ fields.展开更多
Dose estimation and quality control in computed tomography (CT) scanners are useful in controlling the dose of radiation given to patients while tests are carried out. The study was performed in a 16-slice Computed To...Dose estimation and quality control in computed tomography (CT) scanners are useful in controlling the dose of radiation given to patients while tests are carried out. The study was performed in a 16-slice Computed Tomography (CT) system of LightSpeed RT16 Xtra CT scanner. Quality control was done using a vendor-provided QA Phantom, and the six aspects of image quality were measured. For CT dosimetry, Computed Tomography Dose index volume (CTDIvol) was performed using Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI) Phantom. CTDI Phantom consists of three parts: Pediatric Head, Adult Head, and Adult Body Phantom. A 10 cm long pencil ion chamber DCT-10 was used to measure the dose at different positions inside the CTDI Phantom. Data were collected using MagicMax Universal software. For dose estimation of the CTDIvol Report of AAPM Task Group, 96 and 111 formalisms were used. For Pediatric Head, Adult Head, and Adult Body Phantom the measured CIDIvol was 61.04 mGy, 48.11 mGy, and 18.08 mGy respectively. The study has shown deviations of 7%, 15%, and 19% between estimated and console-displayed doses for Pediatric Head, Adult Head, and Adult Body scan techniques respectively. The six aspects of image quality measured by QA Phantom were found to be compatible with the specifications of the machine and CTDIvol measured by CTDI Phantom were found within a tolerance limit of ±20%. Hence, the QC and dosimetry of the mentioned machine are within the limit.展开更多
Nature evolves soft but structural architectures with typical wet/lubricous/adhesive behavior,as well as tunable interface functionalities,such as superhydrophilicity,superhydrophobic,superlubricity,high adhesion,etc....Nature evolves soft but structural architectures with typical wet/lubricous/adhesive behavior,as well as tunable interface functionalities,such as superhydrophilicity,superhydrophobic,superlubricity,high adhesion,etc.In order to simulate this,new chemistry modification methods,novel polymers materials and advanced manufacture techniques are developed for engineering diverse bioinspired wet/lubricous/adhesive soft matter systems.This review focuses on two typical interface functionalities of soft architectures in nature:wet lubrication and wet adhesion.Correspondingly,systematic summaries of recent progress for constructing bioinspired wet/lubricious/adhesive soft matter systems are proposed,including the surface grafting methods to construct hydrophilic wet lubrication surfaces,the bionic design of mechanically robust and structured soft matter lubrication materials,the novel preparation of high-performance biomimetic wet adhesion materials,and the advanced manufacture of 3D soft matter-based wet/lubricious devices.Subsequently,the current strategies relying on diverse regulation factors including surface hydration/roughness,surface intrinsic states,bulk mechanics,as well as multi-factors synergy,are introduced and discussed for achieving dynamic friction or adhesion control of bioinspired soft matter lubrication/adhesion systems.Finally,the existing problems,challenges and future development directions of bioinspired wet/lubricious/adhesive soft matter materials and devices are discussed.This review provides clear guidance for designing bioinspired soft matter-based lubrication,adhesion,or adhesion-lubrication switchable systems,and would act as a necessary research handbook in the field of surface/interface wettability engineering,bioengineering,medical devices,soft robotics,etc.展开更多
Zinc oxide(ZnO),as a broadband gap semiconductor material,exhibits unique physical and chemical properties that make it highly suitable for optoelectronics,piezoelectric devices,and gas-sensitive sensors,showing signi...Zinc oxide(ZnO),as a broadband gap semiconductor material,exhibits unique physical and chemical properties that make it highly suitable for optoelectronics,piezoelectric devices,and gas-sensitive sensors,showing significant potential for various applications.This paper focuses on the regulation and application of ZnO-based p-n junctions and piezoelectric devices.It discusses in detail the preparation of ZnO materials,the construction of p-n junctions,the optimization of piezoelectric device performance,and its application in various fields.By employing different preparation methods and strategies,high-quality ZnO thin films can be grown,and effective control of p-type conductivity achieved.This study provides both a theoretical foundation and technical support for controlling the performance of ZnO-based piezoelectric devices,as well as paving new pathways for the broader application of ZnO materials.展开更多
文摘In order to enhance the control performance of piezo-positioning system,the influence of hysteresis characteristics and its compensation method are studied.Hammerstein model is used to represent the dynamic hysteresis nonlinear characteristics of piezo-positioning actuator.The static nonlinear part and dynamic linear part of the Hammerstein model are represented by models obtained through the Prandtl-Ishlinskii(PI)model and Hankel matrix system identification method,respectively.This model demonstrates good generalization capability for typical input frequencies below 200 Hz.A sliding mode inverse compensation tracking control strategy based on P-I inverse model and integral augmentation is proposed.Experimental results show that compared with PID inverse compensation control and sliding mode control without inverse compensation,the sliding mode inverse compensation control has a more ideal step response and no overshoot,moreover,the settling time is only 6.2 ms.In the frequency domain,the system closed-loop tracking bandwidth reaches 119.9 Hz,and the disturbance rejection bandwidth reaches 86.2 Hz.The proposed control strategy can effectively compensate the hysteresis nonlinearity,and improve the tracking accuracy and antidisturbance capability of piezo-positioning system.
基金National Natural Science Foundation of China(62373102)Jiangsu Natural Science Foundation(BK20221455)Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Project(2022i01020013)。
文摘Enhancing the stability and performance of practical control systems in the presence of nonlinearity,time delay,and uncertainty remains a significant challenge.Particularly,a class of strict-feedback nonlinear uncertain systems characterized by unknown control directions and time-varying input delay lacks comprehensive solutions.In this paper,we propose an observerbased adaptive tracking controller to address this gap.Neural networks are utilized to handle uncertainty,and a unique coordinate transformation is employed to untangle the coupling between input delay and unknown control directions.Subsequently,a new auxiliary signal counters the impact of time-varying input delay,while a Nussbaum function is introduced to solve the problem of unknown control directions.The leverage of an advanced dynamic surface control technique avoids the“complexity explosion”and reduces boundary layer errors.Synthesizing these techniques ensures that all the closed-loop signals are semi-globally uniformly ultimately bounded(SGUUB),and the tracking error converges to a small region around the origin by selecting suitable parameters.Simulation examples are provided to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.
文摘As Model-Based Systems Engineering(MBSE)was applied to the Electric Multiple Unit(EMU)braking system control logic,a preliminary exploration was conducted for bullet train braking system control logic research using an MBSE practice framework.The framework mainly includes the requirement analysis phase,functional analysis phase,and design phase.Systems Modeling Language(SysML)was used as the modeling language,and Cameo Systems Modeler(CSM)was employed as the modeling tool.By integrating the EMU braking system control logic and utilizing a top-down design approach,the implementation of MBSE in the bullet train braking system was analyzed and studied.The results show that,according to the MBSE practice framework,a unified description of the requirement analysis,functional analysis,and design synthesis of the EMU braking system control logic can be achieved.Additionally,the correlation and traceability between models can be established.
文摘BACKGROUND Systematic reviews(SRs)synthesize and evaluate data,mainly from randomized trials,which then guides the development of clinical recommendations in evidence-based medicine.However,the data and methodological information in the included papers can often be lacking or unclear,and reviewers usually need to contact the authors of included studies for clarifications.Contacting authors is recommended,but it is unclear how often SR teams do it,or what the level of response is.AIM To investigate how often reviewers undertake contact with the authors of included randomized controlled trials(RCTs)for clarification on data and risk of bias concerns,to explore the factors that influence whether SR authors contact or do not contact the authors,and the content and level of responses.METHODS We conducted a systematic electronic database search in MEDLINE using the search string“(systematic review)”AND“(RCT OR randomized OR trial)”for articles published between 1 January 2024 and 19 February 2024,without language restrictions.Screening and data extraction was done independently by two reviewers,and conflicts resolved by a senior author.Contact authors of included SRs were contacted for clarifications.RESULTS Of the 329 included SRs,38%(n=125)explicitly mentioned contact with the authors of included studies.The remaining 62%(n=204)did not.We attempted contact with all SR teams for clarifications and received 90 responses(19.4%).Of the 50 respondents who did not explicitly mention contact in their SRs,25(50%)replied that they did make contact.We received a total of 64 responses on the level and content of information sought.The mean±SD contacts SR teams made were 10(10),replies received 5(6.7),and response waiting time 10.1(28.3)weeks.Resources,time,poor previous experience,perceived likelihood of poor response and bias concerns were reported as barriers to attempting contact.CONCLUSION The majority of SRs published in 2024 did not confirm seeking clarifying or missing information from primary study authors.However,SR teams reported that 50%of contacted primary authors respond.Additional research can clarify this rate of response and establish methods to increase the integration of this core methodological element in SRs.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.11875270 and 12205317)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association,Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.2018015)。
文摘A dual-harmonic acceleration system is utilized to mitigate the space-charge effect in the rapid-cycling synchrotron of the China Spallation Neutron Source upgrade project(CSNS-II).A magnetic alloy(MA)-loaded cavity with a high accelerating gradient is developed to satisfy the requirements of dual-harmonic acceleration and provide the necessary second-harmonic cavity voltage.However,the MA-loaded cavity exhibits a wideband frequency response,resulting in numerous higher harmonics in the radio-frequency(RF)voltage.These higher harmonics are caused by both the beam-loading effect and distorted amplifier current,which distort the RF bucket,increase the power dissipation in the cavity,and lower the gradient.To address these issues,a multiharmonic independent feedback-control approach is implemented to compensate for higher harmonics.The effectiveness of this control strategy is validated experimentally.This study provides details regarding the feedback-control design and presents the commissioning results.
基金Research Startup Project of Shenzhen Polytechnic University“Research and Development of High-Speed and High-Resolution 2D/3D Combined Vision Sensor”(Project No.6022312003K).
文摘Digital twin can simulate and monitor the state and behavior of physical entities in the real world,helping enterprises to better understand and manage real-world physical systems,improve production efficiency,reduce costs,and improve safety and reliability.In this paper,we use GTS motion control card and Unity engine to build a digital twin system,and control a virtual industrial automation handling platform including two screw servo axes and multiple sensors through the physical GTS motion control card.The control card program controls the motion of the virtual model through transmission control protocol(TCP)communication,and the virtual model system feeds back the signal to the control card program to achieve the virtual and real synchronous digital twin effect.The digital twin system uses Unity engine to create a highly realistic virtual environment,and can run on multi-platform terminals.
基金supported by the Chinese Civil Aircraft Project(No.MJ-2017-S49).
文摘With the advancement of more electric aircraft(MEA)technology,the application of electro-hydrostatic actuators(EHAs)in aircraft actuation systems has become increasingly prevalent.This paper focuses on the modeling and mode switching analysis of EHA used in the primary flight control actuation systems of large aircraft,addressing the challenges associated with mode switching.First,we analyze the functional architecture and operational characteristics of multi-mode EHA,and sumarize the operating modes and implementation methods.Based on the EHA system architecture,we then develop a theoretical mathematical model and a simulation model.Using the simulation model,we analyze the performance of the EHA during normal operation.Finally,the performance of the EHA during mode switching under various functional switching scenarios is investigated.The results indicate that the EHA meets the performance requirements in terms of accuracy,bandwidth,and load capacity.Additionally,the hydraulic cylinder operates smoothly during the EHA mode switching,and the response time for switching between different modes is less than the specified threshold.These findings validate the system performance of multi-mode EHA,which helps to improve the reliability of EHA and the safety of aircraft flight control systems.
基金funded by the Office of Gas and Electricity Markets(Ofgem)and supported by De Montfort University(DMU)and Nottingham Trent University(NTU),UK.
文摘This paper introduces the Integrated Security Embedded Resilience Architecture (ISERA) as an advanced resilience mechanism for Industrial Control Systems (ICS) and Operational Technology (OT) environments. The ISERA framework integrates security by design principles, micro-segmentation, and Island Mode Operation (IMO) to enhance cyber resilience and ensure continuous, secure operations. The methodology deploys a Forward-Thinking Architecture Strategy (FTAS) algorithm, which utilises an industrial Intrusion Detection System (IDS) implemented with Python’s Network Intrusion Detection System (NIDS) library. The FTAS algorithm successfully identified and responded to cyber-attacks, ensuring minimal system disruption. ISERA has been validated through comprehensive testing scenarios simulating Denial of Service (DoS) attacks and malware intrusions, at both the IT and OT layers where it successfully mitigates the impact of malicious activity. Results demonstrate ISERA’s efficacy in real-time threat detection, containment, and incident response, thus ensuring the integrity and reliability of critical infrastructure systems. ISERA’s decentralised approach contributes to global net zero goals by optimising resource use and minimising environmental impact. By adopting a decentralised control architecture and leveraging virtualisation, ISERA significantly enhances the cyber resilience and sustainability of critical infrastructure systems. This approach not only strengthens defences against evolving cyber threats but also optimises resource allocation, reducing the system’s carbon footprint. As a result, ISERA ensures the uninterrupted operation of essential services while contributing to broader net zero goals.
基金supported by the State Grid Corporation of China Science and Technology Project,grant number 52270723000900K.
文摘The new energy power generation is becoming increasingly important in the power system.Such as photovoltaic power generation has become a research hotspot,however,due to the characteristics of light radiation changes,photovoltaic power generation is unstable and random,resulting in a low utilization rate and directly affecting the stability of the power grid.To solve this problem,this paper proposes a coordinated control strategy for a newenergy power generation system with a hybrid energy storage unit based on the lithium iron phosphate-supercapacitor hybrid energy storage unit.Firstly,the variational mode decomposition algorithm is used to separate the high and low frequencies of the power signal,which is conducive to the rapid and accurate suppression of the power fluctuation of the energy storage system.Secondly,the fuzzy control algorithm is introduced to balance the power between energy storage.In this paper,the actual data is used for simulation,and the simulation results show that the strategy realizes the effective suppression of the bus voltage fluctuation and the accurate control of the internal state of the energy storage unit,effectively avoiding problems such as overshoot and over-discharge,and can significantly improve the stability of the photovoltaic power generation systemand the stability of the Direct Current bus.It is of great significance to promote the development of collaborative control technology for photovoltaic hybrid energy storage units.
基金supported by the Science and Technology Project of the State Grid Corporation of China,Grant number 5700-202223189A-1-1-ZN.
文摘Renewable Energy Systems(RES)provide a sustainable solution to climate warming and environmental pollution by enhancing stability and reliability through status acquisition and analysis on cloud platforms and intelligent processing on edge servers(ES).However,securely distributing encrypted data stored in the cloud to terminals that meet decryption requirements has become a prominent research topic.Additionally,managing attributes,including addition,deletion,and modification,is a crucial issue in the access control scheme for RES.To address these security concerns,a trust-based ciphertext-policy attribute-based encryption(CP-ABE)device access control scheme is proposed for RES(TB-CP-ABE).This scheme effectivelymanages the distribution and control of encrypted data on the cloud through robust attribute key management.By introducing trust management mechanisms and outsourced decryption technology,the ES system can effectively assess and manage the trust worthiness of terminal devices,ensuring that only trusted devices can participate in data exchange and access sensitive information.Besides,the ES system dynamically evaluates trust scores to set decryption trust thresholds,thereby regulating device data access permissions and enhancing the system’s security.To validate the security of the proposed TB-CP-ABE against chosen plaintext attacks,a comprehensive formal security analysis is conducted using the widely accepted random oraclemodel under the decisional q-Bilinear Diffie-Hellman Exponent(q-BDHE)assumption.Finally,comparative analysis with other schemes demonstrates that the TB-CP-ABE scheme cuts energy/communication costs by 43%,and scaleswell with rising terminals,maintaining average latency below 50ms,ensuring real-time service feasibility.The proposed scheme not only provides newinsights for the secure management of RES but also lays a foundation for future secure energy solutions.
基金supported in part by Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province under Grant BK20230255Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province under Grant ZR2023QE281.
文摘The multi-terminal direct current(DC)grid has extinctive superiorities over the traditional alternating current system in integrating large-scale renewable energy.Both the DC circuit breaker(DCCB)and the current flow controller(CFC)are demanded to ensure the multiterminal DC grid to operates reliably and flexibly.However,since the CFC and the DCCB are all based on fully controlled semiconductor switches(e.g.,insulated gate bipolar transistor,integrated gate commutated thyristor,etc.),their separation configuration in the multiterminal DC grid will lead to unaffordable implementation costs and conduction power losses.To solve these problems,integrated equipment with both current flow control and fault isolation abilities is proposed,which shares the expensive and duplicated components of CFCs and DCCBs among adjacent lines.In addition,the complicated coordination control of CFCs and DCCBs can be avoided by adopting the integrated equipment in themultiterminal DC grid.In order to examine the current flow control and fault isolation abilities of the integrated equipment,the simulation model of a specific meshed four-terminal DC grid is constructed in the PSCAD/EMTDC software.Finally,the comparison between the integrated equipment and the separate solution is presented a specific result or conclusion needs to be added to the abstract.
基金received funding from the Postgraduate Research&Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(SJCX23_1633)2023 University Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(202311463009Z)+1 种基金Changzhou Science and Technology Support Project(CE20235045)Open Project of Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Power Transmission&Distribution Equipment Technology(2021JSSPD12).
文摘Uneven power distribution,transient voltage,and frequency deviations are observed in the photovoltaic storage hybrid inverter during the switching between grid-connected and island modes.In response to these issues,this paper proposes a grid-connected/island switching control strategy for photovoltaic storage hybrid inverters based on the modified chimpanzee optimization algorithm.The proposed strategy incorporates coupling compensation and power differentiation elements based on the traditional droop control.Then,it combines the angular frequency and voltage amplitude adjustments provided by the phase-locked loop-free pre-synchronization control strategy.Precise pre-synchronization is achieved by regulating the virtual current to zero and aligning the photovoltaic storage hybrid inverter with the grid voltage.Additionally,two novel operators,learning and emotional behaviors are introduced to enhance the optimization precision of the chimpanzee algorithm.These operators ensure high-precision and high-reliability optimization of the droop control parameters for photovoltaic storage hybrid inverters.A Simulink model was constructed for simulation analysis,which validated the optimized control strategy’s ability to evenly distribute power under load transients.This strategy effectively mitigated transient voltage and current surges during mode transitions.Consequently,seamless and efficient switching between gridconnected and island modes was achieved for the photovoltaic storage hybrid inverter.The enhanced energy utilization efficiency,in turn,offers robust technical support for grid stability.
文摘BACKGROUND Inadequate glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes(T2DM)is a major public health problem and a significant risk factor for the progression of diabetic complications.AIM To evaluate the effects of intensive and supportive glycemic management strategies over a 12-month period in individuals with T2DM with glycated hemoglobin(HbA1c)≥10%and varying backgrounds of glycemic control.METHODS This prospective observational study investigated glycemic control in patients with poorly controlled T2DM over 12 months.Participants were categorized into four groups based on prior glycemic history:Newly diagnosed,previously well controlled with recent worsening,previously off-target but now worsening,and HbA1c consistently above 10%.HbA1c levels were monitored quarterly,and patients received medical,educational,and dietary support as needed.The analysis focused on the success rates of good glycemic control and the associated factors within each group.RESULTS The study showed significant improvements in HbA1c levels in all participants.The most significant improvement was observed in individuals newly diagnosed with diabetes:65%achieved an HbA1c target of≤7%.The results varied between participants with different glycemic control histories,followed by decreasing success rates:39%in participants with previously good glycemic control,21%in participants whose glycemic control had deteriorated compared to before,and only 10%in participants with persistently poor control,with mean HbA1c levels of 6.3%,7.7%,8.2%,and 9.7%,respectively.After one year,65.2%of the“newly diagnosed patients”,39.3%in the“previously controlled group”,21.9%in the“previously off-target but now worsened'”group and 10%in the“poorly controlled from the start”group had achieved HbA1c levels of 7 and below.CONCLUSION In poorly controlled diabetes,the rate at which treatment goals are achieved is associated with the glycemic background characteristics,emphasizing the need for tailored strategies.Therefore,different and comprehensive treatment approaches are needed for patients with persistent uncontrolled diabetes.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2023MC168the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.31670989the Key R&D Program of Shandong Province,No.2019GSF107037(all to CS).
文摘Vascular endothelial growth factor and its mimic peptide KLTWQELYQLKYKGI(QK)are widely used as the most potent angiogenic factors for the treatment of multiple ischemic diseases.However,conventional topical drug delivery often results in a burst release of the drug,leading to transient retention(inefficacy)and undesirable diffusion(toxicity)in vivo.Therefore,a drug delivery system that responds to changes in the microenvironment of tissue regeneration and controls vascular endothelial growth factor release is crucial to improve the treatment of ischemic stroke.Matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)is gradually upregulated after cerebral ischemia.Herein,vascular endothelial growth factor mimic peptide QK was self-assembled with MMP-2-cleaved peptide PLGLAG(TIMP)and customizable peptide amphiphilic(PA)molecules to construct nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK.PA-TIMP-QK was found to control the delivery of QK by MMP-2 upregulation after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion and had a similar biological activity with vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro.The results indicated that PA-TIMP-QK promoted neuronal survival,restored local blood circulation,reduced blood-brain barrier permeability,and restored motor function.These findings suggest that the self-assembling nanofiber hydrogel PA-TIMP-QK may provide an intelligent drug delivery system that responds to the microenvironment and promotes regeneration and repair after cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury.
文摘OBJECTIVE:In recent years,the number of clinical research reports on acupuncture and manipulation for the treatment of greater occipital neuralgia has gradually increased,but the quality is uneven.There is currently no literature evaluating the quality of published reports,which is not conducive to the promotion of clinical use of these therapies.Therefore,this article assessed the reporting quality of randomized controlled trials on acupuncture and manipulation for greater occipital neuralgia.METHODS:Cochrane Library,PubMed,Web of Science,Embase,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),VIP,WanFang Data,and Chinese BioMedical Literature Database(CBM)from inception to May 20,2024 were searched.The reporting quality of included randomized controlled trials was independently evaluated by two investigators using the CONSORT statement,STRICTA checklist,and Cochrane bias of risk assessment tool.A third investigator resolved any disagreement.RESULTS:A total of 62 articles were included.Based on the CONSORT statement,59.46%(22/37)of all entries had a reporting rate of less than 50%,mainly including“Identification as a randomized trial in the title(1/62,1.61%),”“How sample size was determined(7/62,11.29%),”“Implementation(1/62,1.61%),”“Blinding(1/62,1.61%),”and“Reports of Funding(4/62,6.45%).”According to the STRICTA checklist,29.41%(5/17)of all entries had a reporting rate of less than 50%,mainly including“Details of other interventions(7/58,12.07%),”“Setting and context of treatment(0/58,0%),”and“Description of participating acupuncturists(0/58,0%).”CONCLUSION:The reporting quality of randomized controlled trials on acupuncture and manipulation therapy for greater occipital neuralgia remains low.Future researchers need to make greater efforts to strictly adhere to the CONSORT statement and STRICTA checklist during trial design,implementation,and reporting.This will facilitate the standardization of research in this field and enhance the reliability and reproducibility of the research results.
文摘It’s possible for malicious operators to seize hold of electrical control systems, for instance, the engine control unit of driverless vehicles, from various vectors, e.g. autonomic control system, remote vehicle access, or human drivers. To mitigate potential risks, this paper provides the inauguration study by proposing a theoretical framework in the physical, human and cyber triad. Its goal is to, at each time point, detect adversary control behaviors and protect control systems against malicious operations via integrating a variety of methods. This paper only proposes a theoretical framework which tries to indicate possible threats. With the support of the framework, the security system can lightly reduce the risk. The development and implementation of the system are out of scope.
文摘Pearl millet, Pennisetum glaucum (Leeke) R. Br, is the main cereal crop in Niger. This crop is seriously attacked by the millet Head miner (MHM), Heliocheilus albipunctella (de Joannis) (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) causing significant yield losses. This study to optimize biological control of this pest was carried out in Niger in the laboratory and in a farming environment. In the laboratory, the larval paralysis and emergence of the parasitoid Habrobracon hebetor Say (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) were compared between release jute bags, plastic boxes and cardboard boxes. In a farming environment, direct releases were carried out with plastic boxes and releases with jute bags in 12 villages of the Maradi region during the cropping seasons of 2021 and 2022. The results indicated that 25 larvae of Corcyra cephalonica Stainton (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in the boxes were all paralyzed by 2 females of H. hebetor within 7 hours 30 minutes. The emergence of adults began on the 7th day after the beginning of the experiment for a period of two weeks and three weeks respectively in the boxes and jute bags. The production varied from 107.08 to 110.17 parasitoids and was comparable between the Jute bags, plastic boxes and cardboard boxes. In Farmers’ fields, the parasitoid release with the two methods caused the parasitism rates that varied from 64.32 to 66.52% depending on the year but in 2022 the rate of parasitism was higher in the fields with direct releases using plastic boxes (72.66%) compared to those released with jute bags (56.35%). Plastic boxes and cardboard boxes can be used for the production of the H. hebetor parasitoids. These results can be recommended to the cottage industries in the Sahel in order to improve the production and release methods of H. hebetor and make them more adapted to farmers’ fields.
文摘Dose estimation and quality control in computed tomography (CT) scanners are useful in controlling the dose of radiation given to patients while tests are carried out. The study was performed in a 16-slice Computed Tomography (CT) system of LightSpeed RT16 Xtra CT scanner. Quality control was done using a vendor-provided QA Phantom, and the six aspects of image quality were measured. For CT dosimetry, Computed Tomography Dose index volume (CTDIvol) was performed using Computed Tomography Dose Index (CTDI) Phantom. CTDI Phantom consists of three parts: Pediatric Head, Adult Head, and Adult Body Phantom. A 10 cm long pencil ion chamber DCT-10 was used to measure the dose at different positions inside the CTDI Phantom. Data were collected using MagicMax Universal software. For dose estimation of the CTDIvol Report of AAPM Task Group, 96 and 111 formalisms were used. For Pediatric Head, Adult Head, and Adult Body Phantom the measured CIDIvol was 61.04 mGy, 48.11 mGy, and 18.08 mGy respectively. The study has shown deviations of 7%, 15%, and 19% between estimated and console-displayed doses for Pediatric Head, Adult Head, and Adult Body scan techniques respectively. The six aspects of image quality measured by QA Phantom were found to be compatible with the specifications of the machine and CTDIvol measured by CTDI Phantom were found within a tolerance limit of ±20%. Hence, the QC and dosimetry of the mentioned machine are within the limit.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22032006,52075522,52322506)West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences(xbzg-zdsys-202211)+2 种基金Major Science and Technology Project of Gansu Province(No.23ZDGA011)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association of The Chinese Academy of Sciences(Y2023114)Key Research Project of Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation(ZR2021ZD27).
文摘Nature evolves soft but structural architectures with typical wet/lubricous/adhesive behavior,as well as tunable interface functionalities,such as superhydrophilicity,superhydrophobic,superlubricity,high adhesion,etc.In order to simulate this,new chemistry modification methods,novel polymers materials and advanced manufacture techniques are developed for engineering diverse bioinspired wet/lubricous/adhesive soft matter systems.This review focuses on two typical interface functionalities of soft architectures in nature:wet lubrication and wet adhesion.Correspondingly,systematic summaries of recent progress for constructing bioinspired wet/lubricious/adhesive soft matter systems are proposed,including the surface grafting methods to construct hydrophilic wet lubrication surfaces,the bionic design of mechanically robust and structured soft matter lubrication materials,the novel preparation of high-performance biomimetic wet adhesion materials,and the advanced manufacture of 3D soft matter-based wet/lubricious devices.Subsequently,the current strategies relying on diverse regulation factors including surface hydration/roughness,surface intrinsic states,bulk mechanics,as well as multi-factors synergy,are introduced and discussed for achieving dynamic friction or adhesion control of bioinspired soft matter lubrication/adhesion systems.Finally,the existing problems,challenges and future development directions of bioinspired wet/lubricious/adhesive soft matter materials and devices are discussed.This review provides clear guidance for designing bioinspired soft matter-based lubrication,adhesion,or adhesion-lubrication switchable systems,and would act as a necessary research handbook in the field of surface/interface wettability engineering,bioengineering,medical devices,soft robotics,etc.
基金The Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province(Project No.2023A1515012352)。
文摘Zinc oxide(ZnO),as a broadband gap semiconductor material,exhibits unique physical and chemical properties that make it highly suitable for optoelectronics,piezoelectric devices,and gas-sensitive sensors,showing significant potential for various applications.This paper focuses on the regulation and application of ZnO-based p-n junctions and piezoelectric devices.It discusses in detail the preparation of ZnO materials,the construction of p-n junctions,the optimization of piezoelectric device performance,and its application in various fields.By employing different preparation methods and strategies,high-quality ZnO thin films can be grown,and effective control of p-type conductivity achieved.This study provides both a theoretical foundation and technical support for controlling the performance of ZnO-based piezoelectric devices,as well as paving new pathways for the broader application of ZnO materials.
