In order to check the validity of the mathematical model for analyzing the flow field in the air-agitated seed precipitation tank,a scaled down experimental apparatus was designed and the colored tracer and KCl tracer...In order to check the validity of the mathematical model for analyzing the flow field in the air-agitated seed precipitation tank,a scaled down experimental apparatus was designed and the colored tracer and KCl tracer were added in the apparatus to follow the real flow line.Virtue tracers were considered in the mathematical model and the algorithm of tracers was built.The comparison of the results between the experiment and numerical calculation shows that the time of the tracer flows out of stirring tube are 40 s in the experiment and 42 s in numerical calculated result.The transient diffusion process and the solution residence time of the numerical calculation are in good agreement with the experimental results,which indicates that the mathematical model is reliable and can be used to predict the flow field of the air-agitated seed precipitation tank.展开更多
The high temperature split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） compression experiment is conducted to obtain the data relationship among strain, strain rate and flow stress from room temperature to 550 C for aeronautical ...The high temperature split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） compression experiment is conducted to obtain the data relationship among strain, strain rate and flow stress from room temperature to 550 C for aeronautical aluminum alloy 7050-T7451. Combined high-speed orthogonal cutting experiments with the cutting process simulations, the data relationship of high temperature, high strain rate and large strain in high-speed cutting is modified. The Johnson-Cook empirical model considering the effects of strain hardening, strain rate hardening and thermal softening is selected to describe the data relationship in high-speed cutting, and the material constants of flow stress constitutive model for aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 are determined. Finally, the constitutive model of aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 is established through experiment and simulation verification in high-speed cutting. The model is proved to be reasonable by matching the measured values of the cutting force with the estimated results from FEM simulations.展开更多
In the water modeling experiments, three cases were considered, i. e, , a bare tundish, a tundish equipped with a turbulence inhibitor, and a rectangular tundish equipped with weirs （dams） and a turbulence inhibitor...In the water modeling experiments, three cases were considered, i. e, , a bare tundish, a tundish equipped with a turbulence inhibitor, and a rectangular tundish equipped with weirs （dams） and a turbulence inhibitor. Comparing the RTD curves, inclusion separation, and the result of the streamline experiment, it can be found that the tundish equipped with weirs （dams） and a turbulence inhibitor has a great effect on the flow field and the inclusion separation when compared with the sole use or no use of the turbulent inhibitor or weirs （dams）. In addition, the enlargement of the distance between the weir and dam will result in a better effect when the tundish equipped with weirs （dam） and a turbulence inhibitor was used.展开更多
Early warning model of debris flow is important for providing local residents with reliable and accurate warning information to escape from debris flow hazards. This research studied the debris flow initiation in the ...Early warning model of debris flow is important for providing local residents with reliable and accurate warning information to escape from debris flow hazards. This research studied the debris flow initiation in the Yindongzi gully in Dujiangyan City, Sichuan province, China with scaled-down model experiments. We set rainfall intensity and slope angle as dominating parameters and carried out 20 scaled-down model tests under artificial rainfall conditions. The experiments set four slope angles(32°, 34°, 37°, 42°) and five rainfall intensities(60 mm/h, 90 mm/h, 120 mm/h, 150 mm/h, and 180 mm/h) treatments. The characteristic variables in the experiments, such as, rainfall duration, pore water pressure, moisture content, surface inclination, and volume were monitored. The experimental results revealed the failure mode of loose slope material and the process of slope debris flow initiation, as well as the relationship between the surface deformation and the physical parameters of experimental model. A traditional rainfall intensity-duration early warning model(I-D model) was firstly established by using a mathematical regression analysis, and it was then improved into ISD model and ISM model(Here, I is rainfall Intensity, S is Slope angle, D is rainfall Duration, and M is Moisture content). The warning model can provide reliable early warning of slope debris flow initiation.展开更多
Due to the high heterogeneity and complexity of water flow movement for multiple karst water-bearing mediums,the evaluation,effective development,and utilization of karst water resources are significantly limited.Matr...Due to the high heterogeneity and complexity of water flow movement for multiple karst water-bearing mediums,the evaluation,effective development,and utilization of karst water resources are significantly limited.Matrix flow is usually laminar,whereas conduit flow is usually turbulent.The driving mechanisms of water exchange that occur between the karst conduit and its adjacent matrix are not well understood.This paper investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics and the mechanism of flow exchange in dual water-bearing mediums(conduit and matrix)of karst aquifers through laboratory experimentation and numerical simulation.A karst aquifer consisting of a matrix network and a conduit was proposed,and the relationship between the water exchange flux and hydraulic head differences generated from the laboratory experiments was analyzed.Two modes of experimental tests were performed with different fixed water level boundaries in the laboratory karst aquifer.The results indicate that the water exchange capacity was proportional to the square root of hydraulic head differences.The linear exchange term in the conduit flow process(CFP)source program was modified according to experimental results.The modified CFP and the original CFP model experimental data results were compared,and it was found that the modified CFP model had better fitting effects.These results showed that the water exchange mechanism between conduit and matrix is very important for solid-liquid interface reaction,water resource evaluation,and understanding of karst hydrodynamic behavior.展开更多
Tbe experimental simulation has been performed to investigate the smoke flowing properties within the 1/5 reduced-scale model of a sleeping carriage. The velocity field of the running train on fire is simulated in a w...Tbe experimental simulation has been performed to investigate the smoke flowing properties within the 1/5 reduced-scale model of a sleeping carriage. The velocity field of the running train on fire is simulated in a wind tunnel of the State Key Lab of Fire Science, USTC (University of Science & Technology of China). In this paper, the fire-smoking properties and the variation of the temperature field in the sleeping carriage are analyzed. This paper introduces the simulation method of reducedscale experiment about the running train and the analysis or the experimental data. It provides the basis of experiment for the running train’s fire-safety and full-scale experiment in the future study.展开更多
During the solidification process of binary Al Fe alloy under centrifugal casting, the primary phase of Al 3Fe migrates along the radius because of the density difference between the primary phase and the liquid alloy...During the solidification process of binary Al Fe alloy under centrifugal casting, the primary phase of Al 3Fe migrates along the radius because of the density difference between the primary phase and the liquid alloy. Therefore the temperature and concentration field are affected significantly by both the fluid flow and the solid phase migration. In order to take this factor into consideration, a two phase flow numerical model has been established in column coordinate to depict the solidification process of Al Fe alloy under centrifugal casting according to the feature that there exists the solid phase migration during the process. Thus the solidification process of Al Fe alloy under centrifugal casting has been described much more pertinently. [展开更多
Coupling with a three dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model and a suspended solids model, a 3D model for the transport of Fe and Mn in Arha Reservoir, China, was developed. The 3D velocity fields for the flood season a...Coupling with a three dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model and a suspended solids model, a 3D model for the transport of Fe and Mn in Arha Reservoir, China, was developed. The 3D velocity fields for the flood season are computed to drive the 3D model of Fe and Mn in which the processes of advection, diffusion, redox, sorption, desorption, deposition, and re suspension are included. The model has been calibrated by matching observed fluid, suspended solids, and total concentrations of Fe and Mn in the water column and in the sediment, successively. The model simulated both horizontal and vertical gradients of Fe and Mn in Arha Reservoir. It was found that Fe and especially Mn stratify in accordance with the stratification of DO during summer. The redox cycles across the water sediment interface has a principal role in the rise of Fe and Mn concentrations in the overlying water. It was also found that Fe and Mn loadings from the tributaries have a carryover effect on the water quality through a secondary contamination in the reservoir.展开更多
In work, it is constructed a discrete mathematical model of motion of a perfect fluid. The fluid is represented as an ensemble of identical so-called liquid particles, which are in the form of extended geometrical obj...In work, it is constructed a discrete mathematical model of motion of a perfect fluid. The fluid is represented as an ensemble of identical so-called liquid particles, which are in the form of extended geometrical objects: circles and spheres for two-dimensional and three-dimensional cases, respectively. The mechanism of interaction between the liquid particles on a binary level and on the level of the n-cluster is formulated. This mechanism has previously been found by the author as part of the mathematical modeling of turbulent fluid motion. In the turbulence model was derived and investigated the potential interaction of pairs of liquid particles, which contained a singularity of the branch point. Exactly, this is possible to build in this article discrete stochastic-deterministic model of an ideal fluid. The results of computational experiment to simulate various kinds of flows in two-dimensional and three-dimensional ensembles of liquid particles are presented. Modeling was carried out in the areas of quadratic or cubic form. On boundary of a region satisfies the condition of elastic reflection liquid particles. The flows with spontaneous separation of particles in a region, various kinds of eddy streams, with the quite unexpected statistical properties of an ensemble of particles characteristic for the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam effect were found. We build and study the flow in which the velocity of the particles is calibrated. It was possible using the appropriate flows of liquid particles of the ensemble to demonstrate the possibility to reproduce any prescribed image by manipulating the parameters of the interaction. Calculations of the flows were performed with using MATLAB software package according to the algorithms presented in this article.展开更多
“心流”是指人们全身心投入一项活动时的整体感觉。通过系统性综述的方法对2019—2023年Web of Science(SCI、SSCI、AHCI、CPCI)上62篇旅游领域“心流”研究相关文献进行了梳理,从理论、应用、方法和过程4个视角分析总结,展望未来研究...“心流”是指人们全身心投入一项活动时的整体感觉。通过系统性综述的方法对2019—2023年Web of Science(SCI、SSCI、AHCI、CPCI)上62篇旅游领域“心流”研究相关文献进行了梳理,从理论、应用、方法和过程4个视角分析总结,展望未来研究趋势。研究发现:旅游领域“心流”研究的理论基础呈现多元化;主要集中在旅游装备和技术、旅游环境和场所、旅游内容这3个层次;大多数为定量的实证性研究;大多数将心流体验作为中介变量,对于前因(自变量)、结果(因变量)的讨论比较多。但同时发现现有研究存在重视定量实证研究、缺乏理论方面的创新;研究方法以问卷为主,缺乏心理学、生理学等多种方法的研究;对于“心流”的机制和触发因素尚未得到充分阐释。未来研究方向包括引入积极心理学理论,新型旅游领域的应用研究,采用非侵入性测量方法和手段,加强心流过程研究,心流体验和反心流体验的积极和消极作用研究等。“心流”在旅游领域的研究为从业者提供了设计心流体验的框架,通过体验前准备与期望、体验中活动设计与实施,体验后回忆与分享,全面提升游客满意度与忠诚度,促进旅游业的创新与可持续发展。展开更多
Peirce-Smith copper converting involves complex multiphase flow and mixing.In this work,the flow zone distribution and mixing time in a Peirce-Smith copper converter were investigated in a 1:5 scaled cold model.Flow f...Peirce-Smith copper converting involves complex multiphase flow and mixing.In this work,the flow zone distribution and mixing time in a Peirce-Smith copper converter were investigated in a 1:5 scaled cold model.Flow field distribution,including dead,splashing,and strong-loop zones,were measured,and a dimensionless equation was established to determine the correlation of the effects of stirring and mixing energy with an error of<5%.Four positions in the bath,namely,injection,splashing,strong-loop,and dead zones,were selected to add a hollow salt powder tracer and measure the mixing time.Injecting a quartz flux through tuyeres or into the backflow point of the splashing wave through a chute was recommended instead of adding it through a crane hopper from the top of the furnace to improve the slag-making reaction.展开更多
Estuarine processes in the arctic lagoons are among the least studied but important subjects, especially considering the rapid warming of arctic water which may change the length of ice-free period in the summer. In t...Estuarine processes in the arctic lagoons are among the least studied but important subjects, especially considering the rapid warming of arctic water which may change the length of ice-free period in the summer. In this paper, wind-driven exchange flows in the micro-tidal Elson Lagoon of northern Alaska with multiple inlets of contrasting widths and depths are studied with in situ observations, statistical analysis, numerical experiments, a regression model on the basis of dynamics, and remote sensing data. Water velocity profiles were obtained from a bottom deployed acoustic Doppler current profiler(ADCP) in the northwestern Eluitkak Pass connecting the Beaufort Sea to the Elson Lagoon during a 4.9 day ice-free period in the summer of 2013. The subtidal flow is found correlated with wind(R^2 value ～96%). Frequently occurring east, northeast and north winds from the arctic atmospheric high-and low-pressure systems push water from the Beaufort Sea into the lagoon through the wide inlets on the eastern side of the lagoon, resulting in an outward flow against the wind at the narrow northwestern inlet. The counter-wind flow is a result of an uneven wind forcing acting through the asymmetric inlets and depth,an effect of "torque" or vorticity. Under northwest wind, the exchange flow at the northwestern inlet reverses its direction, with inward flows through the upwind northwestern inlet and outward flows through the downwind eastern inlets. A regression model is established based on the momentum equations and Taylor series expansions. The model is used to predict flows in July and August of 2015 and July of 2017, supported by available Landsat satellite images. About 73%–80% of the time the flows at Eluitkak Pass are out of Elson Lagoon for the summer of 2015 and 2017. Numerical experiments are conducted to corroborate the findings and illustrate the effects under various wind conditions. A quasi-steady state balance between wind force and surface pressure gradient is confirmed.展开更多
基金Project(07JJ4016) supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Procvince,China
文摘In order to check the validity of the mathematical model for analyzing the flow field in the air-agitated seed precipitation tank,a scaled down experimental apparatus was designed and the colored tracer and KCl tracer were added in the apparatus to follow the real flow line.Virtue tracers were considered in the mathematical model and the algorithm of tracers was built.The comparison of the results between the experiment and numerical calculation shows that the time of the tracer flows out of stirring tube are 40 s in the experiment and 42 s in numerical calculated result.The transient diffusion process and the solution residence time of the numerical calculation are in good agreement with the experimental results,which indicates that the mathematical model is reliable and can be used to predict the flow field of the air-agitated seed precipitation tank.
文摘The high temperature split Hopkinson pressure bar （SHPB） compression experiment is conducted to obtain the data relationship among strain, strain rate and flow stress from room temperature to 550 C for aeronautical aluminum alloy 7050-T7451. Combined high-speed orthogonal cutting experiments with the cutting process simulations, the data relationship of high temperature, high strain rate and large strain in high-speed cutting is modified. The Johnson-Cook empirical model considering the effects of strain hardening, strain rate hardening and thermal softening is selected to describe the data relationship in high-speed cutting, and the material constants of flow stress constitutive model for aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 are determined. Finally, the constitutive model of aluminum alloy 7050-T7451 is established through experiment and simulation verification in high-speed cutting. The model is proved to be reasonable by matching the measured values of the cutting force with the estimated results from FEM simulations.
文摘In the water modeling experiments, three cases were considered, i. e, , a bare tundish, a tundish equipped with a turbulence inhibitor, and a rectangular tundish equipped with weirs （dams） and a turbulence inhibitor. Comparing the RTD curves, inclusion separation, and the result of the streamline experiment, it can be found that the tundish equipped with weirs （dams） and a turbulence inhibitor has a great effect on the flow field and the inclusion separation when compared with the sole use or no use of the turbulent inhibitor or weirs （dams）. In addition, the enlargement of the distance between the weir and dam will result in a better effect when the tundish equipped with weirs （dam） and a turbulence inhibitor was used.
基金financially supported by the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Programpthe Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment(Grant No.SDS-135-1705)+1 种基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41771021,41471429,and 41790443)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(Grant No.2017YFD0800501)
文摘Early warning model of debris flow is important for providing local residents with reliable and accurate warning information to escape from debris flow hazards. This research studied the debris flow initiation in the Yindongzi gully in Dujiangyan City, Sichuan province, China with scaled-down model experiments. We set rainfall intensity and slope angle as dominating parameters and carried out 20 scaled-down model tests under artificial rainfall conditions. The experiments set four slope angles(32°, 34°, 37°, 42°) and five rainfall intensities(60 mm/h, 90 mm/h, 120 mm/h, 150 mm/h, and 180 mm/h) treatments. The characteristic variables in the experiments, such as, rainfall duration, pore water pressure, moisture content, surface inclination, and volume were monitored. The experimental results revealed the failure mode of loose slope material and the process of slope debris flow initiation, as well as the relationship between the surface deformation and the physical parameters of experimental model. A traditional rainfall intensity-duration early warning model(I-D model) was firstly established by using a mathematical regression analysis, and it was then improved into ISD model and ISM model(Here, I is rainfall Intensity, S is Slope angle, D is rainfall Duration, and M is Moisture content). The warning model can provide reliable early warning of slope debris flow initiation.
基金funded by the Guangxi Natural Science Foundation(2018JJA150153)China Geological Survey Research Fund(JYYWF20180402)the project of China Geological Survey(DD20190342)。
文摘Due to the high heterogeneity and complexity of water flow movement for multiple karst water-bearing mediums,the evaluation,effective development,and utilization of karst water resources are significantly limited.Matrix flow is usually laminar,whereas conduit flow is usually turbulent.The driving mechanisms of water exchange that occur between the karst conduit and its adjacent matrix are not well understood.This paper investigates the hydrodynamic characteristics and the mechanism of flow exchange in dual water-bearing mediums(conduit and matrix)of karst aquifers through laboratory experimentation and numerical simulation.A karst aquifer consisting of a matrix network and a conduit was proposed,and the relationship between the water exchange flux and hydraulic head differences generated from the laboratory experiments was analyzed.Two modes of experimental tests were performed with different fixed water level boundaries in the laboratory karst aquifer.The results indicate that the water exchange capacity was proportional to the square root of hydraulic head differences.The linear exchange term in the conduit flow process(CFP)source program was modified according to experimental results.The modified CFP and the original CFP model experimental data results were compared,and it was found that the modified CFP model had better fitting effects.These results showed that the water exchange mechanism between conduit and matrix is very important for solid-liquid interface reaction,water resource evaluation,and understanding of karst hydrodynamic behavior.
文摘Tbe experimental simulation has been performed to investigate the smoke flowing properties within the 1/5 reduced-scale model of a sleeping carriage. The velocity field of the running train on fire is simulated in a wind tunnel of the State Key Lab of Fire Science, USTC (University of Science & Technology of China). In this paper, the fire-smoking properties and the variation of the temperature field in the sleeping carriage are analyzed. This paper introduces the simulation method of reducedscale experiment about the running train and the analysis or the experimental data. It provides the basis of experiment for the running train’s fire-safety and full-scale experiment in the future study.
文摘During the solidification process of binary Al Fe alloy under centrifugal casting, the primary phase of Al 3Fe migrates along the radius because of the density difference between the primary phase and the liquid alloy. Therefore the temperature and concentration field are affected significantly by both the fluid flow and the solid phase migration. In order to take this factor into consideration, a two phase flow numerical model has been established in column coordinate to depict the solidification process of Al Fe alloy under centrifugal casting according to the feature that there exists the solid phase migration during the process. Thus the solidification process of Al Fe alloy under centrifugal casting has been described much more pertinently. [
文摘Coupling with a three dimensional (3D) hydrodynamic model and a suspended solids model, a 3D model for the transport of Fe and Mn in Arha Reservoir, China, was developed. The 3D velocity fields for the flood season are computed to drive the 3D model of Fe and Mn in which the processes of advection, diffusion, redox, sorption, desorption, deposition, and re suspension are included. The model has been calibrated by matching observed fluid, suspended solids, and total concentrations of Fe and Mn in the water column and in the sediment, successively. The model simulated both horizontal and vertical gradients of Fe and Mn in Arha Reservoir. It was found that Fe and especially Mn stratify in accordance with the stratification of DO during summer. The redox cycles across the water sediment interface has a principal role in the rise of Fe and Mn concentrations in the overlying water. It was also found that Fe and Mn loadings from the tributaries have a carryover effect on the water quality through a secondary contamination in the reservoir.
文摘In work, it is constructed a discrete mathematical model of motion of a perfect fluid. The fluid is represented as an ensemble of identical so-called liquid particles, which are in the form of extended geometrical objects: circles and spheres for two-dimensional and three-dimensional cases, respectively. The mechanism of interaction between the liquid particles on a binary level and on the level of the n-cluster is formulated. This mechanism has previously been found by the author as part of the mathematical modeling of turbulent fluid motion. In the turbulence model was derived and investigated the potential interaction of pairs of liquid particles, which contained a singularity of the branch point. Exactly, this is possible to build in this article discrete stochastic-deterministic model of an ideal fluid. The results of computational experiment to simulate various kinds of flows in two-dimensional and three-dimensional ensembles of liquid particles are presented. Modeling was carried out in the areas of quadratic or cubic form. On boundary of a region satisfies the condition of elastic reflection liquid particles. The flows with spontaneous separation of particles in a region, various kinds of eddy streams, with the quite unexpected statistical properties of an ensemble of particles characteristic for the Fermi-Pasta-Ulam effect were found. We build and study the flow in which the velocity of the particles is calibrated. It was possible using the appropriate flows of liquid particles of the ensemble to demonstrate the possibility to reproduce any prescribed image by manipulating the parameters of the interaction. Calculations of the flows were performed with using MATLAB software package according to the algorithms presented in this article.
文摘“心流”是指人们全身心投入一项活动时的整体感觉。通过系统性综述的方法对2019—2023年Web of Science(SCI、SSCI、AHCI、CPCI)上62篇旅游领域“心流”研究相关文献进行了梳理,从理论、应用、方法和过程4个视角分析总结,展望未来研究趋势。研究发现:旅游领域“心流”研究的理论基础呈现多元化;主要集中在旅游装备和技术、旅游环境和场所、旅游内容这3个层次;大多数为定量的实证性研究;大多数将心流体验作为中介变量,对于前因(自变量)、结果(因变量)的讨论比较多。但同时发现现有研究存在重视定量实证研究、缺乏理论方面的创新;研究方法以问卷为主,缺乏心理学、生理学等多种方法的研究;对于“心流”的机制和触发因素尚未得到充分阐释。未来研究方向包括引入积极心理学理论,新型旅游领域的应用研究,采用非侵入性测量方法和手段,加强心流过程研究,心流体验和反心流体验的积极和消极作用研究等。“心流”在旅游领域的研究为从业者提供了设计心流体验的框架,通过体验前准备与期望、体验中活动设计与实施,体验后回忆与分享,全面提升游客满意度与忠诚度,促进旅游业的创新与可持续发展。
基金This work was financially supported by the National Nat-ural Science Foundation of China(No.51974018)the Guangxi Innovation-Driven Development Project(No.AA18242042-1)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.FRF-TP-19-016A3).
文摘Peirce-Smith copper converting involves complex multiphase flow and mixing.In this work,the flow zone distribution and mixing time in a Peirce-Smith copper converter were investigated in a 1:5 scaled cold model.Flow field distribution,including dead,splashing,and strong-loop zones,were measured,and a dimensionless equation was established to determine the correlation of the effects of stirring and mixing energy with an error of<5%.Four positions in the bath,namely,injection,splashing,strong-loop,and dead zones,were selected to add a hollow salt powder tracer and measure the mixing time.Injecting a quartz flux through tuyeres or into the backflow point of the splashing wave through a chute was recommended instead of adding it through a crane hopper from the top of the furnace to improve the slag-making reaction.
基金The National Key R&D Project of China under contract No.2017YFC1404201the USA North Pacific Research Board Project under contract No.1229the USA Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Awards under contract Nos M12PG00024(ACES)and M12PG00018(Arctic EIS)
文摘Estuarine processes in the arctic lagoons are among the least studied but important subjects, especially considering the rapid warming of arctic water which may change the length of ice-free period in the summer. In this paper, wind-driven exchange flows in the micro-tidal Elson Lagoon of northern Alaska with multiple inlets of contrasting widths and depths are studied with in situ observations, statistical analysis, numerical experiments, a regression model on the basis of dynamics, and remote sensing data. Water velocity profiles were obtained from a bottom deployed acoustic Doppler current profiler(ADCP) in the northwestern Eluitkak Pass connecting the Beaufort Sea to the Elson Lagoon during a 4.9 day ice-free period in the summer of 2013. The subtidal flow is found correlated with wind(R^2 value ～96%). Frequently occurring east, northeast and north winds from the arctic atmospheric high-and low-pressure systems push water from the Beaufort Sea into the lagoon through the wide inlets on the eastern side of the lagoon, resulting in an outward flow against the wind at the narrow northwestern inlet. The counter-wind flow is a result of an uneven wind forcing acting through the asymmetric inlets and depth,an effect of "torque" or vorticity. Under northwest wind, the exchange flow at the northwestern inlet reverses its direction, with inward flows through the upwind northwestern inlet and outward flows through the downwind eastern inlets. A regression model is established based on the momentum equations and Taylor series expansions. The model is used to predict flows in July and August of 2015 and July of 2017, supported by available Landsat satellite images. About 73%–80% of the time the flows at Eluitkak Pass are out of Elson Lagoon for the summer of 2015 and 2017. Numerical experiments are conducted to corroborate the findings and illustrate the effects under various wind conditions. A quasi-steady state balance between wind force and surface pressure gradient is confirmed.
