Traditional requirements method has some problems when it is used for large distributed systems. Multiple viewpoints oriented requirements method (MVORM) is a new method for resolving these problems. This paper develo...Traditional requirements method has some problems when it is used for large distributed systems. Multiple viewpoints oriented requirements method (MVORM) is a new method for resolving these problems. This paper develops two generic formal frameworks of MVORM, framework based on refinement relation (FBRR) and framework based on implementation relation (FBIR). They are generic, because no assumptions are made about the development process or the formal description languages to be used. Three kinds of specification relations and three kinds of specification transformations are discussed over FBIR and FBRR. This paper also compares the equivalence between FBIR and FBRR. We point out that an equivalent FBIR can be found for any FBRR, but reverse transformation is not always possible. We think FBIR is better than FBRR on most cases.展开更多
太空安全作为一项重要的安全议题,已经受到国内外广泛关注。为全面把握太空安全研究的现状与发展趋势,通过CiteSpace软件对中国知网和Web of Science数据库中的国内外文献进行计量分析,较为客观准确地描述当前太空安全研究的整体特征、...太空安全作为一项重要的安全议题,已经受到国内外广泛关注。为全面把握太空安全研究的现状与发展趋势,通过CiteSpace软件对中国知网和Web of Science数据库中的国内外文献进行计量分析,较为客观准确地描述当前太空安全研究的整体特征、研究框架与重点议题。就研究特征而言,当前国内外太空安全研究整体上处于低速发展阶段,跨学科以及跨国域合作研究偏少,研究尚未规模化、集群化。应当通过跨界科研合作和政策引导的方式来提高太空安全研究的质与量。在研究框架和重点议题方面,太空安全研究主要关注太空军控、太空环境等传统议题和太空资源、太空网络、太空经济等新兴议题。传统议题的内涵被时代和技术不断重塑,而新兴议题的治理路径尚在讨论中。从该领域研究发展趋势看,太空安全研究开始转向多学科、多视角交叉,太空安全治理规则开始转向话语权之争。当前,各类太空安全问题开始相互交织渗透,亟待各国合力展开系统化治理。展开更多
A simple and fast route for the synthesis of metal-organic framework（MOF） particles was presented.Cu 3（BTC） 2（HKUST-1,BTC=1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate）,one of the most well-known MOFs,was synthesized at room temp...A simple and fast route for the synthesis of metal-organic framework（MOF） particles was presented.Cu 3（BTC） 2（HKUST-1,BTC=1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate）,one of the most well-known MOFs,was synthesized at room temperature via coordination modulation method.By adding different modulators（monocarboxylic acids） into the reaction system,the morphologies of HKUST-1 crystals were tuned from nano spheres to micro octahedrons at room temperature without any complex equipment.X-Ray diffractions and gas sorption measurements revealed highly crystalline particles with large Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET） surface areas（1116―1273 m^ 2 /g） and total pore volumes（0.62―0.73 cm^ 3 /g）.The significantly small particle sizes and high capacity of gas sorption are considered advantageous for envisaged application in practical industrial process.展开更多
Community resilience is becoming a growing concern for authorities and decision makers.This paper introduces two indicator-based methods to evaluate the resilience of communities based on the PEOPLES framework.PEOPLES...Community resilience is becoming a growing concern for authorities and decision makers.This paper introduces two indicator-based methods to evaluate the resilience of communities based on the PEOPLES framework.PEOPLES is a multi-layered framework that defines community resilience using seven dimensions.Each of the dimensions is described through a set of resilience indicators collected from literature and they are linked to a measure allowing the analytical computation of the indicator’s performance.The first method proposed in this paper requires data on previous disasters as an input and returns as output a performance function for each indicator and a performance function for the whole community.The second method exploits a knowledge-based fuzzy modeling for its implementation.This method allows a quantitative evaluation of the PEOPLES indicators using descriptive knowledge rather than deterministic data including the uncertainty involved in the analysis.The output of the fuzzy-based method is a resilience index for each indicator as well as a resilience index for the community.The paper also introduces an open source online tool in which the first method is implemented.A case study illustrating the application of the first method and the usage of the tool is also provided in the paper.展开更多
基金Supported by Natural Science Foundation of Hubei Province (98J0 75 ) Ziqiang Technical Innovation Foundation ofWuhan Universi
文摘Traditional requirements method has some problems when it is used for large distributed systems. Multiple viewpoints oriented requirements method (MVORM) is a new method for resolving these problems. This paper develops two generic formal frameworks of MVORM, framework based on refinement relation (FBRR) and framework based on implementation relation (FBIR). They are generic, because no assumptions are made about the development process or the formal description languages to be used. Three kinds of specification relations and three kinds of specification transformations are discussed over FBIR and FBRR. This paper also compares the equivalence between FBIR and FBRR. We point out that an equivalent FBIR can be found for any FBRR, but reverse transformation is not always possible. We think FBIR is better than FBRR on most cases.
文摘太空安全作为一项重要的安全议题,已经受到国内外广泛关注。为全面把握太空安全研究的现状与发展趋势,通过CiteSpace软件对中国知网和Web of Science数据库中的国内外文献进行计量分析,较为客观准确地描述当前太空安全研究的整体特征、研究框架与重点议题。就研究特征而言,当前国内外太空安全研究整体上处于低速发展阶段,跨学科以及跨国域合作研究偏少,研究尚未规模化、集群化。应当通过跨界科研合作和政策引导的方式来提高太空安全研究的质与量。在研究框架和重点议题方面,太空安全研究主要关注太空军控、太空环境等传统议题和太空资源、太空网络、太空经济等新兴议题。传统议题的内涵被时代和技术不断重塑,而新兴议题的治理路径尚在讨论中。从该领域研究发展趋势看,太空安全研究开始转向多学科、多视角交叉,太空安全治理规则开始转向话语权之争。当前,各类太空安全问题开始相互交织渗透,亟待各国合力展开系统化治理。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.21173034,20907006)
文摘A simple and fast route for the synthesis of metal-organic framework（MOF） particles was presented.Cu 3（BTC） 2（HKUST-1,BTC=1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylate）,one of the most well-known MOFs,was synthesized at room temperature via coordination modulation method.By adding different modulators（monocarboxylic acids） into the reaction system,the morphologies of HKUST-1 crystals were tuned from nano spheres to micro octahedrons at room temperature without any complex equipment.X-Ray diffractions and gas sorption measurements revealed highly crystalline particles with large Brunauer-Emmett-Teller（BET） surface areas（1116―1273 m^ 2 /g） and total pore volumes（0.62―0.73 cm^ 3 /g）.The significantly small particle sizes and high capacity of gas sorption are considered advantageous for envisaged application in practical industrial process.
基金European Research Council under Grant Agreement No.ERC_IDEAL RESCUE_637842 of the project IDEAL RESCUE-Integrated Design and Control of Sustainable Communities during Emergencies
文摘Community resilience is becoming a growing concern for authorities and decision makers.This paper introduces two indicator-based methods to evaluate the resilience of communities based on the PEOPLES framework.PEOPLES is a multi-layered framework that defines community resilience using seven dimensions.Each of the dimensions is described through a set of resilience indicators collected from literature and they are linked to a measure allowing the analytical computation of the indicator’s performance.The first method proposed in this paper requires data on previous disasters as an input and returns as output a performance function for each indicator and a performance function for the whole community.The second method exploits a knowledge-based fuzzy modeling for its implementation.This method allows a quantitative evaluation of the PEOPLES indicators using descriptive knowledge rather than deterministic data including the uncertainty involved in the analysis.The output of the fuzzy-based method is a resilience index for each indicator as well as a resilience index for the community.The paper also introduces an open source online tool in which the first method is implemented.A case study illustrating the application of the first method and the usage of the tool is also provided in the paper.
