Dairy wastewater,a kind of high concentration organic wastewater,is produced in large quantities and difficult to treat,and has a negative impact on the ecological environment.In this study,the source,composition,wate...Dairy wastewater,a kind of high concentration organic wastewater,is produced in large quantities and difficult to treat,and has a negative impact on the ecological environment.In this study,the source,composition,water quality characteristics of dairy wastewater and its impact on the ecological environment were analyzed,and the treatment methods of dairy wastewater at home and abroad in recent years were summarized,in order to provide a reference for the treatment of dairy wastewater.展开更多
BACKGROUND Gastric ulcer perforation is a critical condition that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not promptly addressed.It is often the result of chronic peptic ulcer disease,which is characterized...BACKGROUND Gastric ulcer perforation is a critical condition that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not promptly addressed.It is often the result of chronic peptic ulcer disease,which is characterized by a breach in the gastric wall due to ulceration.Surgical intervention is essential for managing this life-threatening complication.However,the optimal surgical technique remains debatable among clinicians.Various methods have been employed,including simple closure,omental patch repair,and partial gastrectomy,each with distinct advantages and disadvantages.Understanding the comparative efficacy and postoperative outcomes of these techniques is crucial for improving patient care and surgical decision-making.This study addresses the need for a comprehensive analysis in this area.AIM To compare the efficacy and postoperative complications of different surgical methods for the treatment of gastric ulcer perforation.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 120 patients who underwent surgery for gastric ulcer perforation between September 2020 and June 2023.The patients were divided into three groups based on the surgical method:Simple closure,omental patch repair,and partial gastrectomy.The primary outcomes were the operative success rate and incidence of postoperative complications.Secondary outcomes included the length of hospital stay,recovery time,and long-term quality of life.RESULTS The operative success rates for simple closure,omental patch repair,and partial gastrectomy were 92.5%,95%,and 97.5%,respectively.Postoperative complications occurred in 20%,15%,and 17.5%of patients in each group,respectively.The partial gastrectomy group showed a significantly longer operative time(P<0.001)but the lowest rate of ulcer recurrence(2.5%,P<0.05).The omental patch repair group demonstrated the shortest hospital stay(mean 7.2 days,P<0.05)and fastest recovery time.CONCLUSION While all three surgical methods showed high success rates,omental patch repair demonstrated the best overall outcomes,with a balance of high efficacy,low complication rates,and shorter recovery time.However,the choice of the surgical method should be tailored to individual patient factors and the surgeon’s expertise.展开更多
This paper proposes an innovative approach to social science research based on quantum theory,integrating quantum probability,quantum game theory,and quantum statistical methods into a comprehensive interdisciplinary ...This paper proposes an innovative approach to social science research based on quantum theory,integrating quantum probability,quantum game theory,and quantum statistical methods into a comprehensive interdisciplinary framework for both theoretical and empirical investigation.The study elaborates on how core quantum concepts such as superposition,interference,and measurement collapse can be applied to model social decision making,cognition,and interactions.Advanced quantum computational methods and algorithms are employed to transition from theoretical model development to simulation and experimental validation.Through case studies in international relations,economic games,and political decision making,the research demonstrates that quantum models possess significant advantages in explaining irrational and context-dependent behaviors that traditional methods often fail to capture.The paper also explores the potential applications of quantum social science in policy formulation and public decision making,addresses the ethical,privacy,and social equity challenges posed by quantum artificial intelligence,and outlines future research directions at the convergence of quantum AI,quantum machine learning,and big data analytics.The findings suggest that quantum social science not only offers a novel perspective for understanding complex social phenomena but also lays the foundation for more accurate and efficient systems in social forecasting and decision support.展开更多
The uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of rocks is a vital geomechanical parameter widely used for rock mass classification,stability analysis,and engineering design in rock engineering.Various UCS testing methods and ...The uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of rocks is a vital geomechanical parameter widely used for rock mass classification,stability analysis,and engineering design in rock engineering.Various UCS testing methods and apparatuses have been proposed over the past few decades.The objective of the present study is to summarize the status and development in theories,test apparatuses,data processing of the existing testing methods for UCS measurement.It starts with elaborating the theories of these test methods.Then the test apparatus and development trends for UCS measurement are summarized,followed by a discussion on rock specimens for test apparatus,and data processing methods.Next,the method selection for UCS measurement is recommended.It reveals that the rock failure mechanism in the UCS testing methods can be divided into compression-shear,compression-tension,composite failure mode,and no obvious failure mode.The trends of these apparatuses are towards automation,digitization,precision,and multi-modal test.Two size correction methods are commonly used.One is to develop empirical correlation between the measured indices and the specimen size.The other is to use a standard specimen to calculate the size correction factor.Three to five input parameters are commonly utilized in soft computation models to predict the UCS of rocks.The selection of the test methods for the UCS measurement can be carried out according to the testing scenario and the specimen size.The engineers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the UCS testing methods and its potential developments in various rock engineering endeavors.展开更多
This article,empowered by ChatGPT and through retrieving relevant historical literature,explores how the translator Sun Yat-sen flexibly employed strategies like domestication and foreignization,as well as methods lik...This article,empowered by ChatGPT and through retrieving relevant historical literature,explores how the translator Sun Yat-sen flexibly employed strategies like domestication and foreignization,as well as methods like omission,addition,and modification in his translation of Ambulance Lectures:First Aid to the Injured.Additionally,the research highlights the use of ChatGPT as a tool to assist in the study.While ChatGPT is able to provide comprehensive knowledge quickly and proper translations,improvements are still needed in terms of image accuracy and citation generation.By providing specific context,probing for factual evidence,clarifying the reference objects,and narrowing the scope,prompts can be gradually refined for increasingly satisfactory outcomes.展开更多
The separation-of-variable(SOV)methods,such as the improved SOV method,the variational SOV method,and the extended SOV method,have been proposed by the present authors and coworkers to obtain the closed-form analytica...The separation-of-variable(SOV)methods,such as the improved SOV method,the variational SOV method,and the extended SOV method,have been proposed by the present authors and coworkers to obtain the closed-form analytical solutions for free vibration and eigenbuckling of rectangular plates and circular cylindrical shells.By taking the free vibration of rectangular thin plates as an example,this work presents the theoretical framework of the SOV methods in an instructive way,and the bisection–based solution procedures for a group of nonlinear eigenvalue equations.Besides,the explicit equations of nodal lines of the SOV methods are presented,and the relations of nodal line patterns and frequency orders are investigated.It is concluded that the highly accurate SOV methods have the same accuracy for all frequencies,the mode shapes about repeated frequencies can also be precisely captured,and the SOV methods do not have the problem of missing roots as well.展开更多
Modal parameters can accurately characterize the structural dynamic properties and assess the physical state of the structure.Therefore,it is particularly significant to identify the structural modal parameters accordi...Modal parameters can accurately characterize the structural dynamic properties and assess the physical state of the structure.Therefore,it is particularly significant to identify the structural modal parameters according to the monitoring data information in the structural health monitoring(SHM)system,so as to provide a scientific basis for structural damage identification and dynamic model modification.In view of this,this paper reviews methods for identifying structural modal parameters under environmental excitation and briefly describes how to identify structural damages based on the derived modal parameters.The paper primarily introduces data-driven modal parameter recognition methods(e.g.,time-domain,frequency-domain,and time-frequency-domain methods,etc.),briefly describes damage identification methods based on the variations of modal parameters(e.g.,natural frequency,modal shapes,and curvature modal shapes,etc.)and modal validation methods(e.g.,Stability Diagram and Modal Assurance Criterion,etc.).The current status of the application of artificial intelligence(AI)methods in the direction of modal parameter recognition and damage identification is further discussed.Based on the pre-vious analysis,the main development trends of structural modal parameter recognition and damage identification methods are given to provide scientific references for the optimized design and functional upgrading of SHM systems.展开更多
Understanding the wind power potential of a site is essential for designing an optimal wind power conditioning system. The Weibull distribution and wind speed extrapolation methods are powerful mathematical tools for ...Understanding the wind power potential of a site is essential for designing an optimal wind power conditioning system. The Weibull distribution and wind speed extrapolation methods are powerful mathematical tools for efficiently predicting the frequency distribution of wind speeds at a site. Hourly wind speed and direction data were collected from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) website for the period 2013 to 2023. MATLAB software was used to calculate the distribution parameters using the graphical method and to plot the corresponding curves, while WRPLOTView software was used to construct the wind rose. The average wind speed obtained is 3.33 m/s and can reach up to 5.71 m/s at a height of 100 meters. The wind energy is estimated to be 1315.30 kWh/m2 at a height of 100 meters. The wind rose indicates the prevailing winds (ranging from 3.60 m/s to 5.70 m/s) in the northeast-east direction.展开更多
Ocean energy has progressively gained considerable interest due to its sufficient potential to meet the world’s energy demand,and the blade is the core component in electricity generation from the ocean current.Howev...Ocean energy has progressively gained considerable interest due to its sufficient potential to meet the world’s energy demand,and the blade is the core component in electricity generation from the ocean current.However,the widened hydraulic excitation frequency may satisfy the blade resonance due to the time variation in the velocity and angle of attack of the ocean current,even resulting in blade fatigue and destructively interfering with grid stability.A key parameter that determines the resonance amplitude of the blade is the hydrodynamic damping ratio(HDR).However,HDR is difficult to obtain due to the complex fluid-structure interaction(FSI).Therefore,a literature review was conducted on the hydrodynamic damping characteristics of blade-like structures.The experimental and simulation methods used to identify and obtain the HDR quantitatively were described,placing emphasis on the experimental processes and simulation setups.Moreover,the accuracy and efficiency of different simulation methods were compared,and the modal work approach was recommended.The effects of key typical parameters,including flow velocity,angle of attack,gap,rotational speed,and cavitation,on the HDR were then summarized,and the suggestions on operating conditions were presented from the perspective of increasing the HDR.Subsequently,considering multiple flow parameters,several theoretical derivations and semi-empirical prediction formulas for HDR were introduced,and the accuracy and application were discussed.Based on the shortcomings of the existing research,the direction of future research was finally determined.The current work offers a clear understanding of the HDR of blade-like structures,which could improve the evaluation accuracy of flow-induced vibration in the design stage.展开更多
The investigation of leachate-contaminated clay(LCC)is essential for landfill engineering assessment and achievement of sustainable development goals.Several static and dynamic laboratory tests,including unconfined co...The investigation of leachate-contaminated clay(LCC)is essential for landfill engineering assessment and achievement of sustainable development goals.Several static and dynamic laboratory tests,including unconfined compressive strength(UCS),California bearing ratio(CBR),and cyclic simple shear,are conducted.Cyclic simple shear experiments on LCCs were performed to evaluate the damping and shear modulus.The investigated factors are vertical load(VL),leachate content(LC),frequency(F),and shear strain(ShS)for LCC.Forensic-based investigation optimization(FBIO)and equilibrium optimizer algorithm(EOA)were utilized in addition to multiple types of ensemble models,including adaptive boosting(ADB),gradient boosting regression tree(GBRT),extreme gradient boosting(XGB) and random forest(RF).The comparison of the methods showed that GBRT-FBIO and XGB-EOA models outperformed other models for shear modulus and damping of LCC.The p-value less than 0.0001 shows the significance of the used models in the response surface methodology(RSM)method.展开更多
Condensed and hydrolysable tannins are non-toxic natural polyphenols that are a commercial commodity industrialized for tanning hides to obtain leather and for a growing number of other industrial applications mainly ...Condensed and hydrolysable tannins are non-toxic natural polyphenols that are a commercial commodity industrialized for tanning hides to obtain leather and for a growing number of other industrial applications mainly to substitute petroleum-based products.They are a definite class of sustainable materials of the forestry industry.They have been in operation for hundreds of years to manufacture leather and now for a growing number of applications in a variety of other industries,such as wood adhesives,metal coating,pharmaceutical/medical applications and several others.This review presents the main sources,either already or potentially commercial of this forestry by-materials,their industrial and laboratory extraction systems,their systems of analysis with their advantages and drawbacks,be these methods so simple to even appear primitive but nonetheless of proven effectiveness,or very modern and instrumental.It constitutes a basic but essential summary of what is necessary to know of these sustainable materials.In doing so,the review highlights some of the main challenges that remain to be addressed to deliver the quality and economics of tannin supply necessary to fulfill the industrial production requirements for some materials-based uses.展开更多
Additive Runge-Kutta methods designed for preserving highly accurate solutions in mixed-precision computation were previously proposed and analyzed.These specially designed methods use reduced precision for the implic...Additive Runge-Kutta methods designed for preserving highly accurate solutions in mixed-precision computation were previously proposed and analyzed.These specially designed methods use reduced precision for the implicit computations and full precision for the explicit computations.In this work,we analyze the stability properties of these methods and their sensitivity to the low-precision rounding errors,and demonstrate their performance in terms of accuracy and efficiency.We develop codes in FORTRAN and Julia to solve nonlinear systems of ODEs and PDEs using the mixed-precision additive Runge-Kutta(MP-ARK)methods.The convergence,accuracy,and runtime of these methods are explored.We show that for a given level of accuracy,suitably chosen MP-ARK methods may provide significant reductions in runtime.展开更多
The increasing prevalence of diabetes has led to a growing population of endstage kidney disease(ESKD)patients with diabetes.Currently,kidney transplantation is the best treatment option for ESKD patients;however,it i...The increasing prevalence of diabetes has led to a growing population of endstage kidney disease(ESKD)patients with diabetes.Currently,kidney transplantation is the best treatment option for ESKD patients;however,it is limited by the lack of donors.Therefore,dialysis has become the standard treatment for ESKD patients.However,the optimal dialysis method for diabetic ESKD patients remains controversial.ESKD patients with diabetes often present with complex conditions and numerous complications.Furthermore,these patients face a high risk of infection and technical failure,are more susceptible to malnutrition,have difficulty establishing vascular access,and experience more frequent blood sugar fluctuations than the general population.Therefore,this article reviews nine critical aspects:Survival rate,glucose metabolism disorder,infectious complications,cardiovascular events,residual renal function,quality of life,economic benefits,malnutrition,and volume load.This study aims to assist clinicians in selecting individualized treatment methods by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis,thereby improving patients’quality of life and survival rates.展开更多
Gastric cancer(GC), the fifth most common cancer globally, remains the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Inflammation-induced tumorigenesis is the predominant process in GC development;therefore, systematic re...Gastric cancer(GC), the fifth most common cancer globally, remains the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Inflammation-induced tumorigenesis is the predominant process in GC development;therefore, systematic research in this area should improve understanding of the biological mechanisms that initiate GC development and promote cancer hallmarks. Here, we summarize biological knowledge regarding gastric inflammation-induced tumorigenesis, and characterize the multi-omics data and systems biology methods for investigating GC development. Of note, we highlight pioneering studies in multi-omics data and state-of-the-art network-based algorithms used for dissecting the features of gastric inflammation-induced tumorigenesis, and we propose translational applications in early GC warning biomarkers and precise treatment strategies. This review offers integrative insights for GC research, with the goal of paving the way to novel paradigms for GC precision oncology and prevention.展开更多
Titanium monocarbide(TiC),which is the most stable titanium-based carbide,has attracted considerable interest in the fields of energy,catalysis,and structural materials due to its excellent properties.Synthesis of hig...Titanium monocarbide(TiC),which is the most stable titanium-based carbide,has attracted considerable interest in the fields of energy,catalysis,and structural materials due to its excellent properties.Synthesis of high-quality TiC powders with low cost and high efficiency is crucial for industrial applications;however major challenges face its realization.Herein,the methods for synthesizing TiC powders based on a reaction system are reviewed.This analysis is focused on the underlying mechanisms by which synthesis methods affect the quality of powders.Notably,strategies for improving the synthesis of highquality powders are analyzed from the perspective of enhancing heat and mass transfer processes.Furthermore,the critical issues,challenges,and development trends of the synthesis technology and application of high-quality TiC powder are discussed.展开更多
Tunnel construction is susceptible to accidents such as loosening, deformation, collapse, and water inrush, especiallyunder complex geological conditions like dense fault areas. These accidents can cause instability a...Tunnel construction is susceptible to accidents such as loosening, deformation, collapse, and water inrush, especiallyunder complex geological conditions like dense fault areas. These accidents can cause instability and damageto the tunnel. As a result, it is essential to conduct research on tunnel construction and grouting reinforcementtechnology in fault fracture zones to address these issues and ensure the safety of tunnel excavation projects. Thisstudy utilized the Xianglushan cross-fault tunnel to conduct a comprehensive analysis on the construction, support,and reinforcement of a tunnel crossing a fault fracture zone using the three-dimensional finite element numericalmethod. The study yielded the following research conclusions: The excavation conditions of the cross-fault tunnelarray were analyzed to determine the optimal construction method for excavation while controlling deformationand stress in the surrounding rock. The middle partition method (CD method) was found to be the most suitable.Additionally, the effects of advanced reinforcement grouting on the cross-fault fracture zone tunnel were studied,and the optimal combination of grouting reinforcement range (140°) and grouting thickness (1m) was determined.The stress and deformation data obtained fromon-site monitoring of the surrounding rock was slightly lower thanthe numerical simulation results. However, the change trend of both sets of data was found to be consistent. Theseresearch findings provide technical analysis and data support for the construction and design of cross-fault tunnels.展开更多
This study was suggested by previous work on the simulation of evolution equations with scale-dependent processes,e.g.,wave-propagation or heat-transfer,that are modeled by wave equations or heat equations.Here,we stu...This study was suggested by previous work on the simulation of evolution equations with scale-dependent processes,e.g.,wave-propagation or heat-transfer,that are modeled by wave equations or heat equations.Here,we study both parabolic and hyperbolic equations.We focus on ADI (alternating direction implicit) methods and LOD (locally one-dimensional) methods,which are standard splitting methods of lower order,e.g.second-order.Our aim is to develop higher-order ADI methods,which are performed by Richardson extrapolation,Crank-Nicolson methods and higher-order LOD methods,based on locally higher-order methods.We discuss the new theoretical results of the stability and consistency of the ADI methods.The main idea is to apply a higher- order time discretization and combine it with the ADI methods.We also discuss the dis- cretization and splitting methods for first-order and second-order evolution equations. The stability analysis is given for the ADI method for first-order time derivatives and for the LOD (locally one-dimensional) methods for second-order time derivatives.The higher-order methods are unconditionally stable.Some numerical experiments verify our results.展开更多
With the arrival of intelligent terminals,triboelectric nanogenerators,as a new kind of energy converter,are considered one of the most important technologies for the next generation of intelligent electronics.As a se...With the arrival of intelligent terminals,triboelectric nanogenerators,as a new kind of energy converter,are considered one of the most important technologies for the next generation of intelligent electronics.As a self-powered sensor,it can greatly reduce the power consumption of the entire sensing system by transforming external mechanical energy to electricity.However,the fabrication method of triboelectric sensors largely determines their functionality and performance.This review provides an overview of various methods used to fabricate triboelectric sensors,with a focus on the processes of micro-electro-mechanical systems technology,three-dimensional printing,textile methods,template-assisted methods,and material synthesis methods for manufacturing.The working mechanisms and suitable application scenarios of various methods are outlined.Subsequently,the advantages and disadvantages of various methods are summarized,and reference schemes for the subsequent application of these methods are included.Finally,the opportunities and challenges faced by different methods are discussed,as well as their potential for application in various intelligent systems in the Internet of Things.展开更多
Hydrogen is the new age alternative energy source to combat energy demand and climate change.Storage of hydrogen is vital for a nation’s growth.Works of literature provide different methods for storing the produced h...Hydrogen is the new age alternative energy source to combat energy demand and climate change.Storage of hydrogen is vital for a nation’s growth.Works of literature provide different methods for storing the produced hydrogen,and the rational selection of a viable method is crucial for promoting sustainability and green practices.Typically,hydrogen storage is associated with diverse sustainable and circular economy(SCE)criteria.As a result,the authors consider the situation a multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)problem.Studies infer that previous models for hydrogen storage method(HSM)selection(i)do not consider preferences in the natural language form;(ii)weights of experts are not methodically determined;(iii)hesitation of experts during criteria weight assessment is not effectively explored;and(iv)three-stage solution of a suitable selection of HSM is unexplored.Driven by these gaps,in this paper,authors put forward a new integrated framework,which considers double hierarchy linguistic information for rating,criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation(CRITIC)for expert weight calculation,evidence-based Bayesian method for criteria weight estimation,and combined compromise solution(CoCoSo)for ranking HSMs.The applicability of the developed framework is testified by using a case example of HSM selection in India.Sensitivity and comparative analysis reveal the merits and limitations of the developed framework.展开更多
Aggregation of species with similar ecological properties is one of the effective methods to simplify food web researches.However,species aggregation will affect not only the complexity of modeling process but also th...Aggregation of species with similar ecological properties is one of the effective methods to simplify food web researches.However,species aggregation will affect not only the complexity of modeling process but also the accuracy of models’outputs.Selection of aggregation methods and the number of trophospecies are the keys to study the simplification of food web.In this study,three aggregation methods,including taxonomic aggregation(TA),structural equivalence aggregation(SEA),and self-organizing maps(SOM),were analyzed and compared with the linear inverse model–Markov Chain Monte Carlo(LIM-MCMC)model.Impacts of aggregation methods and trophospecies number on food webs were evaluated based on the robustness and unitless of ecological net-work indices.Results showed that aggregation method of SEA performed better than the other two methods in estimating food web structure and function indices.The effects of aggregation methods were driven by the differences in species aggregation principles,which will alter food web structure and function through the redistribution of energy flow.According to the results of mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)which can be applied to evaluate the accuracy of the model,we found that MAPE in food web indices will increase with the reducing trophospecies number,and MAPE in food web function indices were smaller and more stable than those in food web structure indices.Therefore,trade-off between simplifying food webs and reflecting the status of ecosystem should be con-sidered in food web studies.These findings highlight the importance of aggregation methods and trophospecies number in the analy-sis of food web simplification.This study provided a framework to explore the extent to which food web models are affected by dif-ferent species aggregation,and will provide scientific basis for the construction of food webs.展开更多
文摘Dairy wastewater,a kind of high concentration organic wastewater,is produced in large quantities and difficult to treat,and has a negative impact on the ecological environment.In this study,the source,composition,water quality characteristics of dairy wastewater and its impact on the ecological environment were analyzed,and the treatment methods of dairy wastewater at home and abroad in recent years were summarized,in order to provide a reference for the treatment of dairy wastewater.
文摘BACKGROUND Gastric ulcer perforation is a critical condition that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality if not promptly addressed.It is often the result of chronic peptic ulcer disease,which is characterized by a breach in the gastric wall due to ulceration.Surgical intervention is essential for managing this life-threatening complication.However,the optimal surgical technique remains debatable among clinicians.Various methods have been employed,including simple closure,omental patch repair,and partial gastrectomy,each with distinct advantages and disadvantages.Understanding the comparative efficacy and postoperative outcomes of these techniques is crucial for improving patient care and surgical decision-making.This study addresses the need for a comprehensive analysis in this area.AIM To compare the efficacy and postoperative complications of different surgical methods for the treatment of gastric ulcer perforation.METHODS A retrospective analysis was conducted on 120 patients who underwent surgery for gastric ulcer perforation between September 2020 and June 2023.The patients were divided into three groups based on the surgical method:Simple closure,omental patch repair,and partial gastrectomy.The primary outcomes were the operative success rate and incidence of postoperative complications.Secondary outcomes included the length of hospital stay,recovery time,and long-term quality of life.RESULTS The operative success rates for simple closure,omental patch repair,and partial gastrectomy were 92.5%,95%,and 97.5%,respectively.Postoperative complications occurred in 20%,15%,and 17.5%of patients in each group,respectively.The partial gastrectomy group showed a significantly longer operative time(P<0.001)but the lowest rate of ulcer recurrence(2.5%,P<0.05).The omental patch repair group demonstrated the shortest hospital stay(mean 7.2 days,P<0.05)and fastest recovery time.CONCLUSION While all three surgical methods showed high success rates,omental patch repair demonstrated the best overall outcomes,with a balance of high efficacy,low complication rates,and shorter recovery time.However,the choice of the surgical method should be tailored to individual patient factors and the surgeon’s expertise.
文摘This paper proposes an innovative approach to social science research based on quantum theory,integrating quantum probability,quantum game theory,and quantum statistical methods into a comprehensive interdisciplinary framework for both theoretical and empirical investigation.The study elaborates on how core quantum concepts such as superposition,interference,and measurement collapse can be applied to model social decision making,cognition,and interactions.Advanced quantum computational methods and algorithms are employed to transition from theoretical model development to simulation and experimental validation.Through case studies in international relations,economic games,and political decision making,the research demonstrates that quantum models possess significant advantages in explaining irrational and context-dependent behaviors that traditional methods often fail to capture.The paper also explores the potential applications of quantum social science in policy formulation and public decision making,addresses the ethical,privacy,and social equity challenges posed by quantum artificial intelligence,and outlines future research directions at the convergence of quantum AI,quantum machine learning,and big data analytics.The findings suggest that quantum social science not only offers a novel perspective for understanding complex social phenomena but also lays the foundation for more accurate and efficient systems in social forecasting and decision support.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.52308403 and 52079068)the Yunlong Lake Laboratory of Deep Underground Science and Engineering(No.104023005)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Grant No.2023M731998)for funding provided to this work.
文摘The uniaxial compressive strength(UCS)of rocks is a vital geomechanical parameter widely used for rock mass classification,stability analysis,and engineering design in rock engineering.Various UCS testing methods and apparatuses have been proposed over the past few decades.The objective of the present study is to summarize the status and development in theories,test apparatuses,data processing of the existing testing methods for UCS measurement.It starts with elaborating the theories of these test methods.Then the test apparatus and development trends for UCS measurement are summarized,followed by a discussion on rock specimens for test apparatus,and data processing methods.Next,the method selection for UCS measurement is recommended.It reveals that the rock failure mechanism in the UCS testing methods can be divided into compression-shear,compression-tension,composite failure mode,and no obvious failure mode.The trends of these apparatuses are towards automation,digitization,precision,and multi-modal test.Two size correction methods are commonly used.One is to develop empirical correlation between the measured indices and the specimen size.The other is to use a standard specimen to calculate the size correction factor.Three to five input parameters are commonly utilized in soft computation models to predict the UCS of rocks.The selection of the test methods for the UCS measurement can be carried out according to the testing scenario and the specimen size.The engineers can gain a comprehensive understanding of the UCS testing methods and its potential developments in various rock engineering endeavors.
基金Research on AI Empowered Bilingual Language Asset Management and English Language Teaching Reform(24JG29)Research on the Digital Empowerment in Business English Major Reform and Innovation in the Context of Language Services(National Higher Education Institutions 202412583HN)Chinese Academic Translation Project of“C-E Translation of The Transformation of Rural China”(21WSHB004)。
文摘This article,empowered by ChatGPT and through retrieving relevant historical literature,explores how the translator Sun Yat-sen flexibly employed strategies like domestication and foreignization,as well as methods like omission,addition,and modification in his translation of Ambulance Lectures:First Aid to the Injured.Additionally,the research highlights the use of ChatGPT as a tool to assist in the study.While ChatGPT is able to provide comprehensive knowledge quickly and proper translations,improvements are still needed in terms of image accuracy and citation generation.By providing specific context,probing for factual evidence,clarifying the reference objects,and narrowing the scope,prompts can be gradually refined for increasingly satisfactory outcomes.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(12172023).
文摘The separation-of-variable(SOV)methods,such as the improved SOV method,the variational SOV method,and the extended SOV method,have been proposed by the present authors and coworkers to obtain the closed-form analytical solutions for free vibration and eigenbuckling of rectangular plates and circular cylindrical shells.By taking the free vibration of rectangular thin plates as an example,this work presents the theoretical framework of the SOV methods in an instructive way,and the bisection–based solution procedures for a group of nonlinear eigenvalue equations.Besides,the explicit equations of nodal lines of the SOV methods are presented,and the relations of nodal line patterns and frequency orders are investigated.It is concluded that the highly accurate SOV methods have the same accuracy for all frequencies,the mode shapes about repeated frequencies can also be precisely captured,and the SOV methods do not have the problem of missing roots as well.
基金supported by the Innovation Foundation of Provincial Education Department of Gansu(2024B-005)the Gansu Province National Science Foundation(22YF7GA182)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(No.lzujbky2022-kb01)。
文摘Modal parameters can accurately characterize the structural dynamic properties and assess the physical state of the structure.Therefore,it is particularly significant to identify the structural modal parameters according to the monitoring data information in the structural health monitoring(SHM)system,so as to provide a scientific basis for structural damage identification and dynamic model modification.In view of this,this paper reviews methods for identifying structural modal parameters under environmental excitation and briefly describes how to identify structural damages based on the derived modal parameters.The paper primarily introduces data-driven modal parameter recognition methods(e.g.,time-domain,frequency-domain,and time-frequency-domain methods,etc.),briefly describes damage identification methods based on the variations of modal parameters(e.g.,natural frequency,modal shapes,and curvature modal shapes,etc.)and modal validation methods(e.g.,Stability Diagram and Modal Assurance Criterion,etc.).The current status of the application of artificial intelligence(AI)methods in the direction of modal parameter recognition and damage identification is further discussed.Based on the pre-vious analysis,the main development trends of structural modal parameter recognition and damage identification methods are given to provide scientific references for the optimized design and functional upgrading of SHM systems.
文摘Understanding the wind power potential of a site is essential for designing an optimal wind power conditioning system. The Weibull distribution and wind speed extrapolation methods are powerful mathematical tools for efficiently predicting the frequency distribution of wind speeds at a site. Hourly wind speed and direction data were collected from the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) website for the period 2013 to 2023. MATLAB software was used to calculate the distribution parameters using the graphical method and to plot the corresponding curves, while WRPLOTView software was used to construct the wind rose. The average wind speed obtained is 3.33 m/s and can reach up to 5.71 m/s at a height of 100 meters. The wind energy is estimated to be 1315.30 kWh/m2 at a height of 100 meters. The wind rose indicates the prevailing winds (ranging from 3.60 m/s to 5.70 m/s) in the northeast-east direction.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52222904 and 52309117)China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(Nos.2022TQ0168 and 2023M731895).
文摘Ocean energy has progressively gained considerable interest due to its sufficient potential to meet the world’s energy demand,and the blade is the core component in electricity generation from the ocean current.However,the widened hydraulic excitation frequency may satisfy the blade resonance due to the time variation in the velocity and angle of attack of the ocean current,even resulting in blade fatigue and destructively interfering with grid stability.A key parameter that determines the resonance amplitude of the blade is the hydrodynamic damping ratio(HDR).However,HDR is difficult to obtain due to the complex fluid-structure interaction(FSI).Therefore,a literature review was conducted on the hydrodynamic damping characteristics of blade-like structures.The experimental and simulation methods used to identify and obtain the HDR quantitatively were described,placing emphasis on the experimental processes and simulation setups.Moreover,the accuracy and efficiency of different simulation methods were compared,and the modal work approach was recommended.The effects of key typical parameters,including flow velocity,angle of attack,gap,rotational speed,and cavitation,on the HDR were then summarized,and the suggestions on operating conditions were presented from the perspective of increasing the HDR.Subsequently,considering multiple flow parameters,several theoretical derivations and semi-empirical prediction formulas for HDR were introduced,and the accuracy and application were discussed.Based on the shortcomings of the existing research,the direction of future research was finally determined.The current work offers a clear understanding of the HDR of blade-like structures,which could improve the evaluation accuracy of flow-induced vibration in the design stage.
文摘The investigation of leachate-contaminated clay(LCC)is essential for landfill engineering assessment and achievement of sustainable development goals.Several static and dynamic laboratory tests,including unconfined compressive strength(UCS),California bearing ratio(CBR),and cyclic simple shear,are conducted.Cyclic simple shear experiments on LCCs were performed to evaluate the damping and shear modulus.The investigated factors are vertical load(VL),leachate content(LC),frequency(F),and shear strain(ShS)for LCC.Forensic-based investigation optimization(FBIO)and equilibrium optimizer algorithm(EOA)were utilized in addition to multiple types of ensemble models,including adaptive boosting(ADB),gradient boosting regression tree(GBRT),extreme gradient boosting(XGB) and random forest(RF).The comparison of the methods showed that GBRT-FBIO and XGB-EOA models outperformed other models for shear modulus and damping of LCC.The p-value less than 0.0001 shows the significance of the used models in the response surface methodology(RSM)method.
文摘Condensed and hydrolysable tannins are non-toxic natural polyphenols that are a commercial commodity industrialized for tanning hides to obtain leather and for a growing number of other industrial applications mainly to substitute petroleum-based products.They are a definite class of sustainable materials of the forestry industry.They have been in operation for hundreds of years to manufacture leather and now for a growing number of applications in a variety of other industries,such as wood adhesives,metal coating,pharmaceutical/medical applications and several others.This review presents the main sources,either already or potentially commercial of this forestry by-materials,their industrial and laboratory extraction systems,their systems of analysis with their advantages and drawbacks,be these methods so simple to even appear primitive but nonetheless of proven effectiveness,or very modern and instrumental.It constitutes a basic but essential summary of what is necessary to know of these sustainable materials.In doing so,the review highlights some of the main challenges that remain to be addressed to deliver the quality and economics of tannin supply necessary to fulfill the industrial production requirements for some materials-based uses.
基金supported by ONR UMass Dartmouth Marine and UnderSea Technology(MUST)grant N00014-20-1-2849 under the project S31320000049160by DOE grant DE-SC0023164 sub-award RC114586-UMD+2 种基金by AFOSR grants FA9550-18-1-0383 and FA9550-23-1-0037supported by Michigan State University,by AFOSR grants FA9550-19-1-0281 and FA9550-18-1-0383by DOE grant DE-SC0023164.
文摘Additive Runge-Kutta methods designed for preserving highly accurate solutions in mixed-precision computation were previously proposed and analyzed.These specially designed methods use reduced precision for the implicit computations and full precision for the explicit computations.In this work,we analyze the stability properties of these methods and their sensitivity to the low-precision rounding errors,and demonstrate their performance in terms of accuracy and efficiency.We develop codes in FORTRAN and Julia to solve nonlinear systems of ODEs and PDEs using the mixed-precision additive Runge-Kutta(MP-ARK)methods.The convergence,accuracy,and runtime of these methods are explored.We show that for a given level of accuracy,suitably chosen MP-ARK methods may provide significant reductions in runtime.
基金Supported by Science and Technology Department of Jilin Province,No.YDZJ202201ZYTS110 and No.20200201352JC.
文摘The increasing prevalence of diabetes has led to a growing population of endstage kidney disease(ESKD)patients with diabetes.Currently,kidney transplantation is the best treatment option for ESKD patients;however,it is limited by the lack of donors.Therefore,dialysis has become the standard treatment for ESKD patients.However,the optimal dialysis method for diabetic ESKD patients remains controversial.ESKD patients with diabetes often present with complex conditions and numerous complications.Furthermore,these patients face a high risk of infection and technical failure,are more susceptible to malnutrition,have difficulty establishing vascular access,and experience more frequent blood sugar fluctuations than the general population.Therefore,this article reviews nine critical aspects:Survival rate,glucose metabolism disorder,infectious complications,cardiovascular events,residual renal function,quality of life,economic benefits,malnutrition,and volume load.This study aims to assist clinicians in selecting individualized treatment methods by comparing the advantages and disadvantages of hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis,thereby improving patients’quality of life and survival rates.
基金supported by funds from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. T2341008)。
文摘Gastric cancer(GC), the fifth most common cancer globally, remains the leading cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Inflammation-induced tumorigenesis is the predominant process in GC development;therefore, systematic research in this area should improve understanding of the biological mechanisms that initiate GC development and promote cancer hallmarks. Here, we summarize biological knowledge regarding gastric inflammation-induced tumorigenesis, and characterize the multi-omics data and systems biology methods for investigating GC development. Of note, we highlight pioneering studies in multi-omics data and state-of-the-art network-based algorithms used for dissecting the features of gastric inflammation-induced tumorigenesis, and we propose translational applications in early GC warning biomarkers and precise treatment strategies. This review offers integrative insights for GC research, with the goal of paving the way to novel paradigms for GC precision oncology and prevention.
基金supported by Basic Frontier Scientific Research of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(ZDBS-LY-JSC041)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(22178348)+1 种基金the open research fund of the State Key Laboratory of Mesoscience and Engineering(MESO-23-D06)the Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS(292021000085)。
文摘Titanium monocarbide(TiC),which is the most stable titanium-based carbide,has attracted considerable interest in the fields of energy,catalysis,and structural materials due to its excellent properties.Synthesis of high-quality TiC powders with low cost and high efficiency is crucial for industrial applications;however major challenges face its realization.Herein,the methods for synthesizing TiC powders based on a reaction system are reviewed.This analysis is focused on the underlying mechanisms by which synthesis methods affect the quality of powders.Notably,strategies for improving the synthesis of highquality powders are analyzed from the perspective of enhancing heat and mass transfer processes.Furthermore,the critical issues,challenges,and development trends of the synthesis technology and application of high-quality TiC powder are discussed.
基金the Postgraduate Research and Practice Innovation Program of Jiangsu Province(Grant No.KYCX22_0621)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.52209130)Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent.
文摘Tunnel construction is susceptible to accidents such as loosening, deformation, collapse, and water inrush, especiallyunder complex geological conditions like dense fault areas. These accidents can cause instability and damageto the tunnel. As a result, it is essential to conduct research on tunnel construction and grouting reinforcementtechnology in fault fracture zones to address these issues and ensure the safety of tunnel excavation projects. Thisstudy utilized the Xianglushan cross-fault tunnel to conduct a comprehensive analysis on the construction, support,and reinforcement of a tunnel crossing a fault fracture zone using the three-dimensional finite element numericalmethod. The study yielded the following research conclusions: The excavation conditions of the cross-fault tunnelarray were analyzed to determine the optimal construction method for excavation while controlling deformationand stress in the surrounding rock. The middle partition method (CD method) was found to be the most suitable.Additionally, the effects of advanced reinforcement grouting on the cross-fault fracture zone tunnel were studied,and the optimal combination of grouting reinforcement range (140°) and grouting thickness (1m) was determined.The stress and deformation data obtained fromon-site monitoring of the surrounding rock was slightly lower thanthe numerical simulation results. However, the change trend of both sets of data was found to be consistent. Theseresearch findings provide technical analysis and data support for the construction and design of cross-fault tunnels.
文摘This study was suggested by previous work on the simulation of evolution equations with scale-dependent processes,e.g.,wave-propagation or heat-transfer,that are modeled by wave equations or heat equations.Here,we study both parabolic and hyperbolic equations.We focus on ADI (alternating direction implicit) methods and LOD (locally one-dimensional) methods,which are standard splitting methods of lower order,e.g.second-order.Our aim is to develop higher-order ADI methods,which are performed by Richardson extrapolation,Crank-Nicolson methods and higher-order LOD methods,based on locally higher-order methods.We discuss the new theoretical results of the stability and consistency of the ADI methods.The main idea is to apply a higher- order time discretization and combine it with the ADI methods.We also discuss the dis- cretization and splitting methods for first-order and second-order evolution equations. The stability analysis is given for the ADI method for first-order time derivatives and for the LOD (locally one-dimensional) methods for second-order time derivatives.The higher-order methods are unconditionally stable.Some numerical experiments verify our results.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.62174115 and U21A20147)the International Joint Research Center for Intelligent Nano Environmental Protection New Materials and Testing Technology(No.SDGH2108)the Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science&Technology,the 111 Project and the Joint International Research Laboratory of Carbon-Based Functional Materials and Devices。
文摘With the arrival of intelligent terminals,triboelectric nanogenerators,as a new kind of energy converter,are considered one of the most important technologies for the next generation of intelligent electronics.As a self-powered sensor,it can greatly reduce the power consumption of the entire sensing system by transforming external mechanical energy to electricity.However,the fabrication method of triboelectric sensors largely determines their functionality and performance.This review provides an overview of various methods used to fabricate triboelectric sensors,with a focus on the processes of micro-electro-mechanical systems technology,three-dimensional printing,textile methods,template-assisted methods,and material synthesis methods for manufacturing.The working mechanisms and suitable application scenarios of various methods are outlined.Subsequently,the advantages and disadvantages of various methods are summarized,and reference schemes for the subsequent application of these methods are included.Finally,the opportunities and challenges faced by different methods are discussed,as well as their potential for application in various intelligent systems in the Internet of Things.
文摘Hydrogen is the new age alternative energy source to combat energy demand and climate change.Storage of hydrogen is vital for a nation’s growth.Works of literature provide different methods for storing the produced hydrogen,and the rational selection of a viable method is crucial for promoting sustainability and green practices.Typically,hydrogen storage is associated with diverse sustainable and circular economy(SCE)criteria.As a result,the authors consider the situation a multi-criteria decision-making(MCDM)problem.Studies infer that previous models for hydrogen storage method(HSM)selection(i)do not consider preferences in the natural language form;(ii)weights of experts are not methodically determined;(iii)hesitation of experts during criteria weight assessment is not effectively explored;and(iv)three-stage solution of a suitable selection of HSM is unexplored.Driven by these gaps,in this paper,authors put forward a new integrated framework,which considers double hierarchy linguistic information for rating,criteria importance through inter-criteria correlation(CRITIC)for expert weight calculation,evidence-based Bayesian method for criteria weight estimation,and combined compromise solution(CoCoSo)for ranking HSMs.The applicability of the developed framework is testified by using a case example of HSM selection in India.Sensitivity and comparative analysis reveal the merits and limitations of the developed framework.
基金supported by the National Key R&D Program of China(Nos.2019YFD0901204,2019YFD 0901205).
文摘Aggregation of species with similar ecological properties is one of the effective methods to simplify food web researches.However,species aggregation will affect not only the complexity of modeling process but also the accuracy of models’outputs.Selection of aggregation methods and the number of trophospecies are the keys to study the simplification of food web.In this study,three aggregation methods,including taxonomic aggregation(TA),structural equivalence aggregation(SEA),and self-organizing maps(SOM),were analyzed and compared with the linear inverse model–Markov Chain Monte Carlo(LIM-MCMC)model.Impacts of aggregation methods and trophospecies number on food webs were evaluated based on the robustness and unitless of ecological net-work indices.Results showed that aggregation method of SEA performed better than the other two methods in estimating food web structure and function indices.The effects of aggregation methods were driven by the differences in species aggregation principles,which will alter food web structure and function through the redistribution of energy flow.According to the results of mean absolute percentage error(MAPE)which can be applied to evaluate the accuracy of the model,we found that MAPE in food web indices will increase with the reducing trophospecies number,and MAPE in food web function indices were smaller and more stable than those in food web structure indices.Therefore,trade-off between simplifying food webs and reflecting the status of ecosystem should be con-sidered in food web studies.These findings highlight the importance of aggregation methods and trophospecies number in the analy-sis of food web simplification.This study provided a framework to explore the extent to which food web models are affected by dif-ferent species aggregation,and will provide scientific basis for the construction of food webs.
