Objective To empirically analyze the relationship between Government R&D funding and R&D investment of the enterprises in different sub industries of pharmaceutical industry,and to provide reference for the de...Objective To empirically analyze the relationship between Government R&D funding and R&D investment of the enterprises in different sub industries of pharmaceutical industry,and to provide reference for the development of policies related to R&D funding input.Methods Granger causality test was performed using the data of relevant indicators in different sub industries of China’s pharmaceutical industry from 1995 to 2019 based on the theory of covariance.Results and Conclusion The funding of R&D from the government had a significant positive effect on their R&D funding inputs to enterprises with chemo products,Chinese patent products,and biological products.It means the improvement of government funding was beneficial in promoting the R&D investment from various sub industries of pharmaceutical industry.The order of this influence was biological products,chemo products,and Chinese patent drugs.As to chemical drugs and biological products,the government’s R&D funding and enterprises R&D funding input showed a good trend of mutual promotion in a certain lag period.The government can fully leverage its funding to promote the investment of all sub industries of pharmaceutical industry.Meanwhile,regulatory mechanisms should be refined for government funding.For the inheritance,innovation,and development of traditional Chinese medicine,the government should give more policy support than financial support.展开更多
Introduction: In recent times, satisfaction studies have gained importance in the health sector as a way to monitor services and products. The main aim of this study was to explore patient satisfaction with pharmaceut...Introduction: In recent times, satisfaction studies have gained importance in the health sector as a way to monitor services and products. The main aim of this study was to explore patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical care provided in Nampula healthcare centers. Material and Methods: The study was conducted at the 25 de Setembro, 1˚ de Maio, and Muhala-Expansão healthcare centers in Nampula. The sample consisted of 381 patients, with 127 from each center, selected for accessibility. Data were collected through a questionnaire with an internal consistency of 0.816, calculated using McDonald’s total Omega (ωt). The analysis included frequencies, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), and inferential statistics like Binary Logistic Regression. Results: Overall satisfaction was 3.62 ± 0.627 on a scale of 1 to 5, or 69.8%. The binary regression associated a higher education level with dissatisfaction (COR 0.204, 95% CI: −2.752 to −0.427) and living in Marrere (COR 0.083, 95% CI: -5.098 to 0.120) and Muahivir-Expansão (COR 0.589, 95% CI: −1.824 to 0.767) with dissatisfaction as well. Conclusion: Satisfaction was generally high, mainly influenced by the availability of medicines and medical supplies, and less by other factors such as healthcare center accessibility, facility quality, and relationships with pharmacy professionals. Although variables like sex, religion, age, marital status, profession, occupation, and the number of pharmacy visits in the last five years were not statistically significant for general satisfaction in this study, they should be considered in future studies as they are often linked to pharmaceutical satisfaction.展开更多
Objective To analyze the impact of the centralized drug procurement policy on pharmaceutical enterprises,and put forward some suggestions for improving China’s centralized drug procurement policy.Methods Through lite...Objective To analyze the impact of the centralized drug procurement policy on pharmaceutical enterprises,and put forward some suggestions for improving China’s centralized drug procurement policy.Methods Through literature analysis and comparative research,the relevant policies and implementation effects from the“4+7”drug procurement pilot to the seventh batch of volume procurement were sorted out,and the impact of the procurement policy on pharmaceutical enterprises was analyzed.Results and Conclusion The centralized drug procurement policy has continuously improved the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in bidding,and the consistency evaluation work has been carried out well.However,there are also some problems,such as the reduction of enterprise profits,the difficulty of enterprise operation,the decline in the quality of winning drugs,and the insufficient innovation ability and the supply capacity of enterprises.In this regard,enterprises should reasonably control the cost of drugs to ensure the stable supply of winning drugs.Besides,enterprises should create brand effect for their timely transformation and development.While strengthening pharmaceutical innovation,they can change from low-level generic drug production to R&D innovation.The government should pay close attention to the impact of centralized procurement on the quality and efficiency of enterprise drugs.For instance,the government should improve the pricing rules for drug procurement and increase supervision of drug quality and supply.At the same time,it should give certain policy and financial support to enterprises’technological innovation and talent introduction.展开更多
Ribosomopathies encompass a spectrum of disorders arising from impaired ribosome biogenesis and reduced functionality.Mutation or dysexpression of the genes that disturb any finely regulated steps of ribosome biogenes...Ribosomopathies encompass a spectrum of disorders arising from impaired ribosome biogenesis and reduced functionality.Mutation or dysexpression of the genes that disturb any finely regulated steps of ribosome biogenesis can result in different types of ribosomopathies in clinic,collectively known as ribosomopathy genes.Emerging data suggest that ribosomopathy patients exhibit a significantly heightened susceptibility to cancer.Abnormal ribosome biogenesis and dysregulation of some ribosomopathy genes have also been found to be intimately associated with cancer development.The correlation between ribosome biogenesis or ribosomopathy and the development of malignancies has been well established.This work aims to review the recent advances in the research of ribosomopathy genes among human cancers and meanwhile,to excavate the potential role of these genes,which have not or rarely been reported in cancer,in the disease development across cancers.We plan to establish a theoretical framework between the ribosomopathy gene and cancer development,to further facilitate the potential of these genes as diagnostic biomarker as well as pharmaceutical targets for cancer treatment.展开更多
Objective To study the pharmaceutical distribution industry against the background of new infrastructure construction since it is vital to the health and life of the public,and to offer some suggestions to further imp...Objective To study the pharmaceutical distribution industry against the background of new infrastructure construction since it is vital to the health and life of the public,and to offer some suggestions to further improve the industry quality and achieve industry upgrading.Methods The national strategies for new infrastructure as well as the underlying logic for enterprise digital transformation were analyzed to provide the outlook on the digital transformation trend of the pharmaceutical distribution industry.Results and Conclusion In the future,the pharmaceutical distribution industry shall transform the pattern,channel,management and control,and experience in the entire business chain in a digital way by focusing on connection efficiency,data efficiency and decision-making efficiency.展开更多
Objective To analyze the improvement of the incentive mechanism of sales personnel in pharmaceutical company A,and to promote the smooth operation and further development of the company in a long term.Methods Compensa...Objective To analyze the improvement of the incentive mechanism of sales personnel in pharmaceutical company A,and to promote the smooth operation and further development of the company in a long term.Methods Compensation incentive,performance appraisal,welfare benefit,training incentive,promotion motivation and enterprise cultural inspiration were explored through questionnaires,telephone interviews and in-person interviews.Results and Conclusion This company’s incentive mechanism has problems in two aspects:Material incentives and spiritual incentives.As to the company’s characteristics and strategic development,the optimization countermeasures of incentive mechanism are proposed from the following three aspects:constructing a reasonable incentive system,establishing an efficient spiritual incentive mechanism,and implementing the dynamic incentive and differentiated incentive simultaneously.展开更多
Objective To study the effect of government R&D funding and enterprise R&D input on innovation efficiency of China’s pharmaceutical industry.Methods Based on the inter-provincial panel data of China’s pharma...Objective To study the effect of government R&D funding and enterprise R&D input on innovation efficiency of China’s pharmaceutical industry.Methods Based on the inter-provincial panel data of China’s pharmaceutical industry from 2009 to 2019,the stochastic frontier analysis method was used to study the influence of government R&D funding and enterprise R&D input on the innovation efficiency.Results and Conclusion With 1%increase in government R&D funding,the innovation efficiency of enterprises will increase by 0.122%.When R&D investment increases by 1%,innovation efficiency will increase by 0.169%.Both government R&D funding and enterprise R&D investment promote the innovation efficiency of pharmaceutical enterprises,but the increase of enterprise R&D investment contributes more to the improvement of pharmaceutical innovation efficiency.展开更多
Objective To study the threshold effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry,and to provide reference for some pharmaceutical enterprises to improve the inves...Objective To study the threshold effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry,and to provide reference for some pharmaceutical enterprises to improve the investment.Methods The panel data of pharmaceutical industry in 25 provinces and cities in China from 2009 to 2019 were selected to conduct empirical analysis by establishing a threshold regression model,and a better export trade interval was obtained.Results and Conclusion There is a threshold value for the effect of new product export on both internal and external R&D expenditures,and the threshold values are 845.2788 million yuan and 318.4198 million yuan,respectively.There is a single threshold effect of export trade on both internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry,and the effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment changes from negative to positive as the export trade develops from low to high.展开更多
Objective To provide reference and enlightenment for the development of human resource management in China’s pharmaceutical industry and to put forward some suggestions to promote the further development of pharmaceu...Objective To provide reference and enlightenment for the development of human resource management in China’s pharmaceutical industry and to put forward some suggestions to promote the further development of pharmaceutical industry.Methods The method of literature review was used to analyze the current situation and existing problems of human resource management in China’s pharmaceutical industry.Results and Conclusion Only by continuously improving the human resource management skills and innovating management methods can pharmaceutical enterprises achieve long-term benefits with sustainable development.The formulation of human resource management strategy in pharmaceutical industry must be conducive to the realization of the business goals of enterprises.To achieve this overall goal,the human resources management department of enterprises must make the plan from a strategic perspective,formulate talent strategic planning which serves the overall strategic goal of the enterprise.As a result,human resource management will play an important role in the development of China’s pharmaceutical industry.展开更多
Objective To study the profit model of Chinese pharmaceutical O2O enterprises.Methods A case study of three typical pharmaceutical O2O enterprises was conducted,and their profit models were compared.Results and Conclu...Objective To study the profit model of Chinese pharmaceutical O2O enterprises.Methods A case study of three typical pharmaceutical O2O enterprises was conducted,and their profit models were compared.Results and Conclusion The pharmaceutical O2O enterprises in China are divided into three categories according to the profit models.It is found that the current pharmaceutical O2O enterprises have problems such as simple profit model and low corporate profits.Based on these problems,it is recommended that relevant enterprises develop various business models to increase profit channels.Besides,they should establish and improve internal cost control systems.展开更多
Objective To explore the current situation of human resource management outsourcing in China’s pharmaceutical enterprises,and to put forward some suggestions for enterprises and the government.Methods The current sit...Objective To explore the current situation of human resource management outsourcing in China’s pharmaceutical enterprises,and to put forward some suggestions for enterprises and the government.Methods The current situation of human resource management outsourcing in China’s pharmaceutical enterprises was analyzed through the method of literature research.Results and Conclusion At present,the status of human resource management outsourcing in China’s pharmaceutical companies is that the level of human resource outsourcing companies is not high,and there are no relevant industry norms and laws.The information asymmetry between pharmaceutical enterprises and outsourcing companies results in adverse selection and moral hazard.Besides,the different culture of pharmaceutical enterprises and outsourcing companies leads to inefficient communication between enterprises and employee.To solve these problems,the government should promote and improve industry norms and laws to regulate the market.In addition,enterprises should clarify the motivation for outsourcing and make good decision on the outsourcing content.Meanwhile,enterprises should strengthen communication with employees to eliminate employees’concerns.展开更多
Objective To study the development history and current situation of pharmaceutical industry associations in the United State and to provide reference for China’s pharmaceutical industry associations.Methods Literatur...Objective To study the development history and current situation of pharmaceutical industry associations in the United State and to provide reference for China’s pharmaceutical industry associations.Methods Literature research and comparative study were used to investigate the development history and current situation of pharmaceutical associations in the United States.Then,their characteristics and experiences were summarized.Some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward for the existing problems of pharmaceutical associations in China.Results and Conclusion The institutional environment of pharmaceutical associations in the United States is relatively good,reflecting the characteristics of emphasizing process management and neglecting entrance management with and the help of public supervision.At the same time,the government advocates market competition by adhering to the market-oriented services for the public.American pharmaceutical industry associations have strong innovation capacity and perfect credit system.Drawing on the experience of pharmaceutical industry associations in the United States,China should strengthen the construction of pharmaceutical industry associations.Firstly,the supervision mechanism should be improved.Secondly,these associations should have good partnerships with the government and offer the public the best services.Finally,the fund-raising mechanism of pharmaceutical industry associations should be optimized to ensure the innovative development of the pharmaceutical industry.展开更多
The purpose of this paper is to implement a pharmaceutical care program in psychiatric outpatients in a community pharmacy. Outpatients （536） with psychiatric treatment requiring the dispensing of medication prescri...The purpose of this paper is to implement a pharmaceutical care program in psychiatric outpatients in a community pharmacy. Outpatients （536） with psychiatric treatment requiring the dispensing of medication prescribed by a psychiatrist were followed up in a community pharmacy, where different medicines were prescribed as PS （pharmaceutical specialties）, PC （pharmaceutical compounding） or both PS and PC. Each prescription was registered with details on a patient level. Also, three reporting sheets were designed： patients profile, patients monitoring and patients counseling. The total study population in the community pharmacy consisted of 536 outpatients： 357 （66.6%） females and 179 （33.4%） males. Most of the outpatients （78.5%） have health insurance, 50% correspond to public and 28.5% to private institution. The other patients （21.5%） do not have medical insurance. We also observed that the education level of these patients was： primary school 19.1%; high school 45.9%; college 15.3% and university 20.7%. Many patients had more than one psychiatric diagnosis, to whom were prescribed different medicines. All the medication studies on the charts were screened for prescriptions with antidepressants and other psychotropic drugs, starting on the date of first diagnosis made by a psychiatrist. The counseling to the patients was also registered. The possibility of the follow-up of these outpatients in the community pharmacy promoted the development of the psychiatric pharmacy and all advances in care for patients with mental health needs, working in closer collaboration with psychiatrists.展开更多
Pharmaceutical technology is an indispensable and important link in drug research and development,which plays a key role in drug research and development quality.In the background of science and technology development...Pharmaceutical technology is an indispensable and important link in drug research and development,which plays a key role in drug research and development quality.In the background of science and technology development,pharmaceutical technology has been greatly developed,but also to promote the quality of drug research and development,to provide more guarantee for people’s health.In the new era,how to achieve pharmaceutical technology innovation,so as to further improve the quality of drug research and development,is an important research topic in the current related industries.This paper mainly revolves around quality of pharmaceutical technology development of a series of exploration,in the traditional drug development based on a better control of drug quality,the future of smart pharmaceutical green pharmaceutical development direction,aims to further enhance the pharmaceutical technology,promote the quality of research and development to promote the comprehensive,promote the steady development of the pharmaceutical industry as a whole.展开更多
A simple and selective micellar electrokinetic chromatographic （MEKC） method has been developed for the analysis of five pharmaceutical binary mixtures containing three non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs （NSAIDs...A simple and selective micellar electrokinetic chromatographic （MEKC） method has been developed for the analysis of five pharmaceutical binary mixtures containing three non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs （NSAIDs）. The investigated mixtures were Ibuprofen （IP）-Paracetamol （PC）, Ibuprofen （IP）-Chlorzoxazone （CZ）, Ibuprofen （IP）Methocarbamol （MC）, Ketoprofen （KP） Chlorzoxazone （CZ） and Diclofenac sodium （DS）-Lidocaine hydrochloride （LC）. The separation was run for all mixtures using borate buffer （20 mM, pH 9） containing 15% （v/v） methanol and 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate （SDS） at 15 kV and the components were detected at 214 nm. Different factors affecting the electrophoretic mobility of the seven investigated drugs were studied and optimized. The method was validated according to international conference of harmonization （ICH） guidelines and United States pharmacopoeia （USP）. The method was applied to the analysis of five pharmaceutical binary mixtures in their dosage forms. The results were compared with other reported high performance liquid chromatographic methods and no significant differences were observed.展开更多
We aimed to investigate the composition and phylogenetic rela-tionships of the viable but non-culturable （VBNC） state bacteria in pharmaceutical wastewater. [Method] Soil filter was used for constructing bioreactor....We aimed to investigate the composition and phylogenetic rela-tionships of the viable but non-culturable （VBNC） state bacteria in pharmaceutical wastewater. [Method] Soil filter was used for constructing bioreactor. Based on the resuscitation- and growth-promoting function of Resuscitation Promoting Factor （Rpf） for VBNC bacteria, VBNC bacteria were isolated by most probable number （MPN） method and dilution-plating method and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis was carried out. [Result] In MPN culture system, Rpf could promote the resuscitation and growth of some bacteria. There were VBNC advantage floras that sensitive to Rpf in pharmaceutical wastewater. The culturable VBNC bacteria in pharmaceutical wastewater consisted of high-GC gram-positive actinomycetes including genera Mi-crobacterium, Gordonia and Leucobacter, and gram-negative bacteria including gen-era Candidimonas, Xanthobacter and Aminobacter. Four strains （ZYM1, ZYM3, ZYZR4, ZYXR1） could be potential novel species. [Conclusion] This research re-vealed there were VBNC bacteria in pharmaceutical wastewater. These results could provide important ideas and methods for further studies on VBNC bacteria in the pharmaceutical wastewater, especial y the formation mechanism and recovery mech-anism of VBNC bacteria and the advanced degradation process improvement of pharmaceutical wastewater.展开更多
Levant cotton root is a folk traditional herb with a long history in China. This article gave a brief introduction on recent research work related to main com- position, pharmacologic effect and clinical application o...Levant cotton root is a folk traditional herb with a long history in China. This article gave a brief introduction on recent research work related to main com- position, pharmacologic effect and clinical application of levant cotton root and pro- posed existing problems and countermeasures for pharmaceutical industrialization.展开更多
The Pharmaceutical Care(PC)service is a growing sector.The continuous development of the role of the professional pharmacist in the sector of health services within the pharmacy leads to having an active role in the p...The Pharmaceutical Care(PC)service is a growing sector.The continuous development of the role of the professional pharmacist in the sector of health services within the pharmacy leads to having an active role in the primary care.The PC service has been in operation for years in other western countries such as Spain,the United Kingdom and the United States.Several studies have been carried out,which confirm the benefits of the service in reducing morbidity,hospital admissions and the cost of the health care system.This article sets out the concept of PC and the financial benefit to health expenditure.It also analyzes the Drug Therapy Problem(DTP)and the Patient Care Process.To conclude,a patient case is presented to understand the practical implementation of the theory of the PC and to show how the professional pharmacist reports the pharmacotherapeutic case.展开更多
文摘Objective To empirically analyze the relationship between Government R&D funding and R&D investment of the enterprises in different sub industries of pharmaceutical industry,and to provide reference for the development of policies related to R&D funding input.Methods Granger causality test was performed using the data of relevant indicators in different sub industries of China’s pharmaceutical industry from 1995 to 2019 based on the theory of covariance.Results and Conclusion The funding of R&D from the government had a significant positive effect on their R&D funding inputs to enterprises with chemo products,Chinese patent products,and biological products.It means the improvement of government funding was beneficial in promoting the R&D investment from various sub industries of pharmaceutical industry.The order of this influence was biological products,chemo products,and Chinese patent drugs.As to chemical drugs and biological products,the government’s R&D funding and enterprises R&D funding input showed a good trend of mutual promotion in a certain lag period.The government can fully leverage its funding to promote the investment of all sub industries of pharmaceutical industry.Meanwhile,regulatory mechanisms should be refined for government funding.For the inheritance,innovation,and development of traditional Chinese medicine,the government should give more policy support than financial support.
文摘Introduction: In recent times, satisfaction studies have gained importance in the health sector as a way to monitor services and products. The main aim of this study was to explore patient satisfaction with pharmaceutical care provided in Nampula healthcare centers. Material and Methods: The study was conducted at the 25 de Setembro, 1˚ de Maio, and Muhala-Expansão healthcare centers in Nampula. The sample consisted of 381 patients, with 127 from each center, selected for accessibility. Data were collected through a questionnaire with an internal consistency of 0.816, calculated using McDonald’s total Omega (ωt). The analysis included frequencies, descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation), and inferential statistics like Binary Logistic Regression. Results: Overall satisfaction was 3.62 ± 0.627 on a scale of 1 to 5, or 69.8%. The binary regression associated a higher education level with dissatisfaction (COR 0.204, 95% CI: −2.752 to −0.427) and living in Marrere (COR 0.083, 95% CI: -5.098 to 0.120) and Muahivir-Expansão (COR 0.589, 95% CI: −1.824 to 0.767) with dissatisfaction as well. Conclusion: Satisfaction was generally high, mainly influenced by the availability of medicines and medical supplies, and less by other factors such as healthcare center accessibility, facility quality, and relationships with pharmacy professionals. Although variables like sex, religion, age, marital status, profession, occupation, and the number of pharmacy visits in the last five years were not statistically significant for general satisfaction in this study, they should be considered in future studies as they are often linked to pharmaceutical satisfaction.
基金Research on the Technical System for Monitoring Adverse Drug Reactions/Events(Regulatory Technology System Research)(2019-0-4-040).
文摘Objective To analyze the impact of the centralized drug procurement policy on pharmaceutical enterprises,and put forward some suggestions for improving China’s centralized drug procurement policy.Methods Through literature analysis and comparative research,the relevant policies and implementation effects from the“4+7”drug procurement pilot to the seventh batch of volume procurement were sorted out,and the impact of the procurement policy on pharmaceutical enterprises was analyzed.Results and Conclusion The centralized drug procurement policy has continuously improved the enthusiasm of enterprises to participate in bidding,and the consistency evaluation work has been carried out well.However,there are also some problems,such as the reduction of enterprise profits,the difficulty of enterprise operation,the decline in the quality of winning drugs,and the insufficient innovation ability and the supply capacity of enterprises.In this regard,enterprises should reasonably control the cost of drugs to ensure the stable supply of winning drugs.Besides,enterprises should create brand effect for their timely transformation and development.While strengthening pharmaceutical innovation,they can change from low-level generic drug production to R&D innovation.The government should pay close attention to the impact of centralized procurement on the quality and efficiency of enterprise drugs.For instance,the government should improve the pricing rules for drug procurement and increase supervision of drug quality and supply.At the same time,it should give certain policy and financial support to enterprises’technological innovation and talent introduction.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.:82360542)Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation,China(Grant Nos.:20224BAB214030 and 20224BAB216072)+2 种基金Doctoral Startup Fund of Gannan Medical University,China(Grant Nos.:QD202136 and QD202132)Science and Technology Planning Projects of Fuzhou,China(Grant No.:2021FZR0101)the Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province,China(Grant No.:2022YZ0104).
文摘Ribosomopathies encompass a spectrum of disorders arising from impaired ribosome biogenesis and reduced functionality.Mutation or dysexpression of the genes that disturb any finely regulated steps of ribosome biogenesis can result in different types of ribosomopathies in clinic,collectively known as ribosomopathy genes.Emerging data suggest that ribosomopathy patients exhibit a significantly heightened susceptibility to cancer.Abnormal ribosome biogenesis and dysregulation of some ribosomopathy genes have also been found to be intimately associated with cancer development.The correlation between ribosome biogenesis or ribosomopathy and the development of malignancies has been well established.This work aims to review the recent advances in the research of ribosomopathy genes among human cancers and meanwhile,to excavate the potential role of these genes,which have not or rarely been reported in cancer,in the disease development across cancers.We plan to establish a theoretical framework between the ribosomopathy gene and cancer development,to further facilitate the potential of these genes as diagnostic biomarker as well as pharmaceutical targets for cancer treatment.
文摘Objective To study the pharmaceutical distribution industry against the background of new infrastructure construction since it is vital to the health and life of the public,and to offer some suggestions to further improve the industry quality and achieve industry upgrading.Methods The national strategies for new infrastructure as well as the underlying logic for enterprise digital transformation were analyzed to provide the outlook on the digital transformation trend of the pharmaceutical distribution industry.Results and Conclusion In the future,the pharmaceutical distribution industry shall transform the pattern,channel,management and control,and experience in the entire business chain in a digital way by focusing on connection efficiency,data efficiency and decision-making efficiency.
文摘Objective To analyze the improvement of the incentive mechanism of sales personnel in pharmaceutical company A,and to promote the smooth operation and further development of the company in a long term.Methods Compensation incentive,performance appraisal,welfare benefit,training incentive,promotion motivation and enterprise cultural inspiration were explored through questionnaires,telephone interviews and in-person interviews.Results and Conclusion This company’s incentive mechanism has problems in two aspects:Material incentives and spiritual incentives.As to the company’s characteristics and strategic development,the optimization countermeasures of incentive mechanism are proposed from the following three aspects:constructing a reasonable incentive system,establishing an efficient spiritual incentive mechanism,and implementing the dynamic incentive and differentiated incentive simultaneously.
基金Liaoning Science Public Welfare Research Fund(Soft Science Research Program)in 2022(No.2022JH4/10100040).
文摘Objective To study the effect of government R&D funding and enterprise R&D input on innovation efficiency of China’s pharmaceutical industry.Methods Based on the inter-provincial panel data of China’s pharmaceutical industry from 2009 to 2019,the stochastic frontier analysis method was used to study the influence of government R&D funding and enterprise R&D input on the innovation efficiency.Results and Conclusion With 1%increase in government R&D funding,the innovation efficiency of enterprises will increase by 0.122%.When R&D investment increases by 1%,innovation efficiency will increase by 0.169%.Both government R&D funding and enterprise R&D investment promote the innovation efficiency of pharmaceutical enterprises,but the increase of enterprise R&D investment contributes more to the improvement of pharmaceutical innovation efficiency.
基金Research on Innovation and Development Strategy of Pharmaceutical Industry in Liaoning Province(2020lslktyb-095).
文摘Objective To study the threshold effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry,and to provide reference for some pharmaceutical enterprises to improve the investment.Methods The panel data of pharmaceutical industry in 25 provinces and cities in China from 2009 to 2019 were selected to conduct empirical analysis by establishing a threshold regression model,and a better export trade interval was obtained.Results and Conclusion There is a threshold value for the effect of new product export on both internal and external R&D expenditures,and the threshold values are 845.2788 million yuan and 318.4198 million yuan,respectively.There is a single threshold effect of export trade on both internal and external R&D investment in China’s pharmaceutical industry,and the effect of export trade on internal and external R&D investment changes from negative to positive as the export trade develops from low to high.
基金Postgraduate Education and Teaching Reform Project of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University(2020)(No.YJSJG200301).
文摘Objective To provide reference and enlightenment for the development of human resource management in China’s pharmaceutical industry and to put forward some suggestions to promote the further development of pharmaceutical industry.Methods The method of literature review was used to analyze the current situation and existing problems of human resource management in China’s pharmaceutical industry.Results and Conclusion Only by continuously improving the human resource management skills and innovating management methods can pharmaceutical enterprises achieve long-term benefits with sustainable development.The formulation of human resource management strategy in pharmaceutical industry must be conducive to the realization of the business goals of enterprises.To achieve this overall goal,the human resources management department of enterprises must make the plan from a strategic perspective,formulate talent strategic planning which serves the overall strategic goal of the enterprise.As a result,human resource management will play an important role in the development of China’s pharmaceutical industry.
基金2021 General Scientific Research Project of Liaoning Provincial Department of Education(No.LJKR0298)Liaoning Provincial Social Science Planning Fund Office(2019)(No.L19BGL034).
文摘Objective To study the profit model of Chinese pharmaceutical O2O enterprises.Methods A case study of three typical pharmaceutical O2O enterprises was conducted,and their profit models were compared.Results and Conclusion The pharmaceutical O2O enterprises in China are divided into three categories according to the profit models.It is found that the current pharmaceutical O2O enterprises have problems such as simple profit model and low corporate profits.Based on these problems,it is recommended that relevant enterprises develop various business models to increase profit channels.Besides,they should establish and improve internal cost control systems.
基金Graduate Education and Teaching Reform Project of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University(2020)(No.YJSJG200301).
文摘Objective To explore the current situation of human resource management outsourcing in China’s pharmaceutical enterprises,and to put forward some suggestions for enterprises and the government.Methods The current situation of human resource management outsourcing in China’s pharmaceutical enterprises was analyzed through the method of literature research.Results and Conclusion At present,the status of human resource management outsourcing in China’s pharmaceutical companies is that the level of human resource outsourcing companies is not high,and there are no relevant industry norms and laws.The information asymmetry between pharmaceutical enterprises and outsourcing companies results in adverse selection and moral hazard.Besides,the different culture of pharmaceutical enterprises and outsourcing companies leads to inefficient communication between enterprises and employee.To solve these problems,the government should promote and improve industry norms and laws to regulate the market.In addition,enterprises should clarify the motivation for outsourcing and make good decision on the outsourcing content.Meanwhile,enterprises should strengthen communication with employees to eliminate employees’concerns.
文摘Objective To study the development history and current situation of pharmaceutical industry associations in the United State and to provide reference for China’s pharmaceutical industry associations.Methods Literature research and comparative study were used to investigate the development history and current situation of pharmaceutical associations in the United States.Then,their characteristics and experiences were summarized.Some countermeasures and suggestions were put forward for the existing problems of pharmaceutical associations in China.Results and Conclusion The institutional environment of pharmaceutical associations in the United States is relatively good,reflecting the characteristics of emphasizing process management and neglecting entrance management with and the help of public supervision.At the same time,the government advocates market competition by adhering to the market-oriented services for the public.American pharmaceutical industry associations have strong innovation capacity and perfect credit system.Drawing on the experience of pharmaceutical industry associations in the United States,China should strengthen the construction of pharmaceutical industry associations.Firstly,the supervision mechanism should be improved.Secondly,these associations should have good partnerships with the government and offer the public the best services.Finally,the fund-raising mechanism of pharmaceutical industry associations should be optimized to ensure the innovative development of the pharmaceutical industry.
文摘The purpose of this paper is to implement a pharmaceutical care program in psychiatric outpatients in a community pharmacy. Outpatients （536） with psychiatric treatment requiring the dispensing of medication prescribed by a psychiatrist were followed up in a community pharmacy, where different medicines were prescribed as PS （pharmaceutical specialties）, PC （pharmaceutical compounding） or both PS and PC. Each prescription was registered with details on a patient level. Also, three reporting sheets were designed： patients profile, patients monitoring and patients counseling. The total study population in the community pharmacy consisted of 536 outpatients： 357 （66.6%） females and 179 （33.4%） males. Most of the outpatients （78.5%） have health insurance, 50% correspond to public and 28.5% to private institution. The other patients （21.5%） do not have medical insurance. We also observed that the education level of these patients was： primary school 19.1%; high school 45.9%; college 15.3% and university 20.7%. Many patients had more than one psychiatric diagnosis, to whom were prescribed different medicines. All the medication studies on the charts were screened for prescriptions with antidepressants and other psychotropic drugs, starting on the date of first diagnosis made by a psychiatrist. The counseling to the patients was also registered. The possibility of the follow-up of these outpatients in the community pharmacy promoted the development of the psychiatric pharmacy and all advances in care for patients with mental health needs, working in closer collaboration with psychiatrists.
文摘Pharmaceutical technology is an indispensable and important link in drug research and development,which plays a key role in drug research and development quality.In the background of science and technology development,pharmaceutical technology has been greatly developed,but also to promote the quality of drug research and development,to provide more guarantee for people’s health.In the new era,how to achieve pharmaceutical technology innovation,so as to further improve the quality of drug research and development,is an important research topic in the current related industries.This paper mainly revolves around quality of pharmaceutical technology development of a series of exploration,in the traditional drug development based on a better control of drug quality,the future of smart pharmaceutical green pharmaceutical development direction,aims to further enhance the pharmaceutical technology,promote the quality of research and development to promote the comprehensive,promote the steady development of the pharmaceutical industry as a whole.
文摘A simple and selective micellar electrokinetic chromatographic （MEKC） method has been developed for the analysis of five pharmaceutical binary mixtures containing three non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs （NSAIDs）. The investigated mixtures were Ibuprofen （IP）-Paracetamol （PC）, Ibuprofen （IP）-Chlorzoxazone （CZ）, Ibuprofen （IP）Methocarbamol （MC）, Ketoprofen （KP） Chlorzoxazone （CZ） and Diclofenac sodium （DS）-Lidocaine hydrochloride （LC）. The separation was run for all mixtures using borate buffer （20 mM, pH 9） containing 15% （v/v） methanol and 100 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate （SDS） at 15 kV and the components were detected at 214 nm. Different factors affecting the electrophoretic mobility of the seven investigated drugs were studied and optimized. The method was validated according to international conference of harmonization （ICH） guidelines and United States pharmacopoeia （USP）. The method was applied to the analysis of five pharmaceutical binary mixtures in their dosage forms. The results were compared with other reported high performance liquid chromatographic methods and no significant differences were observed.
基金Supported by Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(LY13C010002)Zhejiang Provincial Design and Research Institute of Environmental Science(2013F50005)~~
文摘We aimed to investigate the composition and phylogenetic rela-tionships of the viable but non-culturable （VBNC） state bacteria in pharmaceutical wastewater. [Method] Soil filter was used for constructing bioreactor. Based on the resuscitation- and growth-promoting function of Resuscitation Promoting Factor （Rpf） for VBNC bacteria, VBNC bacteria were isolated by most probable number （MPN） method and dilution-plating method and 16S rRNA gene phylogenetic analysis was carried out. [Result] In MPN culture system, Rpf could promote the resuscitation and growth of some bacteria. There were VBNC advantage floras that sensitive to Rpf in pharmaceutical wastewater. The culturable VBNC bacteria in pharmaceutical wastewater consisted of high-GC gram-positive actinomycetes including genera Mi-crobacterium, Gordonia and Leucobacter, and gram-negative bacteria including gen-era Candidimonas, Xanthobacter and Aminobacter. Four strains （ZYM1, ZYM3, ZYZR4, ZYXR1） could be potential novel species. [Conclusion] This research re-vealed there were VBNC bacteria in pharmaceutical wastewater. These results could provide important ideas and methods for further studies on VBNC bacteria in the pharmaceutical wastewater, especial y the formation mechanism and recovery mech-anism of VBNC bacteria and the advanced degradation process improvement of pharmaceutical wastewater.
基金Supported by Hebei Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences Development Fund(A2012070302)~~
文摘Levant cotton root is a folk traditional herb with a long history in China. This article gave a brief introduction on recent research work related to main com- position, pharmacologic effect and clinical application of levant cotton root and pro- posed existing problems and countermeasures for pharmaceutical industrialization.
文摘The Pharmaceutical Care(PC)service is a growing sector.The continuous development of the role of the professional pharmacist in the sector of health services within the pharmacy leads to having an active role in the primary care.The PC service has been in operation for years in other western countries such as Spain,the United Kingdom and the United States.Several studies have been carried out,which confirm the benefits of the service in reducing morbidity,hospital admissions and the cost of the health care system.This article sets out the concept of PC and the financial benefit to health expenditure.It also analyzes the Drug Therapy Problem(DTP)and the Patient Care Process.To conclude,a patient case is presented to understand the practical implementation of the theory of the PC and to show how the professional pharmacist reports the pharmacotherapeutic case.
