Genetic diversity of 18 processing apple varieties and two fresh varieties were evaluated using 12 simple sequence repeats （SSR） primer pairs previously identified in Malus domestica Borkh. A total of 87 alleles in ...Genetic diversity of 18 processing apple varieties and two fresh varieties were evaluated using 12 simple sequence repeats （SSR） primer pairs previously identified in Malus domestica Borkh. A total of 87 alleles in 10 loci were detected using 10 polymorphic SSR markers selected within the range of 5-14 alleles per locus. All the 20 varieties could be distinguished using two primer pairs and they were divided into four groups using cluster analysis. The genetic similarity （GS） of groups analyzed using cluster analysis varied from 0.14 to 0.83. High acid variety Avrolles separated from other varieties with GS less than 0.42. The second group contained Longfeng and Dolgo from Northeast of China, the inherited genes of Chinese crab apple. The five cider varieties with high tannin contents, namely, Dabinette, Frequin rouge, Kermerrien, M.Menard, and D.Coetligne were clustered into the third group. The fourth group was mainly composed of 12 juice and fresh varieties. Principal coordinate analysis （PCO） also divided all the varieties into four groups. Juice and fresh apple varieties, Longfeng and Dolgo were clustered together, respectively, using both the analyses. Both the analyses showed there was much difference between cider and juice varieties, cider and fresh varieties, as well as Chinese crab apple and western European crab apple, whereas juice varieties and fresh varieties had a similar genetic background. The genetic diversity and differentiation could be sufficiently reflected by combining the two analytical methods.展开更多
Through the construction of the comprehensive evaluation index system and the coordination degree model of the rural in- frastructure and the rural economic development level, the author carries out an empirical analy...Through the construction of the comprehensive evaluation index system and the coordination degree model of the rural in- frastructure and the rural economic development level, the author carries out an empirical analysis on the rural infrastructure and economic coordinated development in the country＇s 31 regions. Research shows that the gap between the levels of the development of the rural in-frastructure in China is large, presenting the gradually reducing gradient distribution from the east to the west. The rural infrastructure de- velopment level has significant positive correlation with the level of economic development. For those provinces of the high development level of the rural economy, the infrastructure construction level is also relatively high. From the view of the coordination degree, it presents the obvious ＂dumbbell＂ shape, and there are more provinces which belong to the high quality coordination and the serious imbalance, with the coordinated degree in the eastern regions obviously higher than that in the central and western regions.展开更多
利用双向指示种(TWINSPAN)分类技术将黄河三角洲湿地草本植被划分为7个群落类型,然后应用双变量主坐标分析(double principal coordinate analysis,DPCoA)法对其进行排序,结果表明:在物种组成上,芦苇+盐地碱蓬群落为芦苇群落和盐地碱蓬...利用双向指示种(TWINSPAN)分类技术将黄河三角洲湿地草本植被划分为7个群落类型,然后应用双变量主坐标分析(double principal coordinate analysis,DPCoA)法对其进行排序,结果表明:在物种组成上,芦苇+盐地碱蓬群落为芦苇群落和盐地碱蓬+芦苇群落、盐地碱蓬群落、盐地碱蓬+补血草+碱蓬群落、补血草群落的过渡类型,而芦苇+穗状狐尾藻群落与其他群落类型差异较大;黄河三角洲湿地草本植被的分布主要与土壤因子中的土壤盐分、土壤pH等紧密相关,而与土壤全磷、全氮、有机质等养分无显著相关关系。将DPCoA和其他一些常用的植被排序方法进行了比较,相对于主分量分析(PCA)和除趋势对应分析(DCA)而言,DPCoA信息保留量更高,能够将物种组成和类别上较为接近的植物群落聚集在一起,而将差异较大的植物群落在排序图中分散开来,在揭示群落间相互关系以及植被与环境之间关系上可能更为有效。展开更多
文摘Genetic diversity of 18 processing apple varieties and two fresh varieties were evaluated using 12 simple sequence repeats （SSR） primer pairs previously identified in Malus domestica Borkh. A total of 87 alleles in 10 loci were detected using 10 polymorphic SSR markers selected within the range of 5-14 alleles per locus. All the 20 varieties could be distinguished using two primer pairs and they were divided into four groups using cluster analysis. The genetic similarity （GS） of groups analyzed using cluster analysis varied from 0.14 to 0.83. High acid variety Avrolles separated from other varieties with GS less than 0.42. The second group contained Longfeng and Dolgo from Northeast of China, the inherited genes of Chinese crab apple. The five cider varieties with high tannin contents, namely, Dabinette, Frequin rouge, Kermerrien, M.Menard, and D.Coetligne were clustered into the third group. The fourth group was mainly composed of 12 juice and fresh varieties. Principal coordinate analysis （PCO） also divided all the varieties into four groups. Juice and fresh apple varieties, Longfeng and Dolgo were clustered together, respectively, using both the analyses. Both the analyses showed there was much difference between cider and juice varieties, cider and fresh varieties, as well as Chinese crab apple and western European crab apple, whereas juice varieties and fresh varieties had a similar genetic background. The genetic diversity and differentiation could be sufficiently reflected by combining the two analytical methods.
文摘Through the construction of the comprehensive evaluation index system and the coordination degree model of the rural in- frastructure and the rural economic development level, the author carries out an empirical analysis on the rural infrastructure and economic coordinated development in the country＇s 31 regions. Research shows that the gap between the levels of the development of the rural in-frastructure in China is large, presenting the gradually reducing gradient distribution from the east to the west. The rural infrastructure de- velopment level has significant positive correlation with the level of economic development. For those provinces of the high development level of the rural economy, the infrastructure construction level is also relatively high. From the view of the coordination degree, it presents the obvious ＂dumbbell＂ shape, and there are more provinces which belong to the high quality coordination and the serious imbalance, with the coordinated degree in the eastern regions obviously higher than that in the central and western regions.
文摘利用双向指示种(TWINSPAN)分类技术将黄河三角洲湿地草本植被划分为7个群落类型,然后应用双变量主坐标分析(double principal coordinate analysis,DPCoA)法对其进行排序,结果表明:在物种组成上,芦苇+盐地碱蓬群落为芦苇群落和盐地碱蓬+芦苇群落、盐地碱蓬群落、盐地碱蓬+补血草+碱蓬群落、补血草群落的过渡类型,而芦苇+穗状狐尾藻群落与其他群落类型差异较大;黄河三角洲湿地草本植被的分布主要与土壤因子中的土壤盐分、土壤pH等紧密相关,而与土壤全磷、全氮、有机质等养分无显著相关关系。将DPCoA和其他一些常用的植被排序方法进行了比较,相对于主分量分析(PCA)和除趋势对应分析(DCA)而言,DPCoA信息保留量更高,能够将物种组成和类别上较为接近的植物群落聚集在一起,而将差异较大的植物群落在排序图中分散开来,在揭示群落间相互关系以及植被与环境之间关系上可能更为有效。
